GUIDEBOOKS ON SUSTAINABLE LAND USE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT Sustainable Development Series GUIDEBOOK ON SUSTAINABLE COASTAL LAND USE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT VOLUME II Sustainable Development Models and Systems Subprogramme (SDMS)- Integrated Environmental Management for Sustainable Development (IEMSD) Programme 1997PeAS Rel aee (arts eee PREPARATION OF THE COASTAL LAND USE PLAN Coastal Land Use Planning Process 3.1 Definition Coastal land use planning refers to the process of comprehensively studying resources, economic activities and societal needs, including problems and opportunities in specific coastal planning areas, or coastal zones, and proposing actions for their future development. It also involves the rational allocation of dryland and wetland components of the coastal area for various uses. 3.2. Scope and Coverage Alll land areas affected by the sea (dryside) and all coastal water areas influenced by the land (wetside) shall be included in the coastal zone. In its broader context, the coastal zone encompasses all coastal plains and the watersheds of all streams and rivers that drain into the sea and which may extend hundreds of kilometers inland into the hinterlands. Since the watershed is elaborately treated under the Guidebook on Sustainable Forest Land Use Planning (Volume I), this Guidebook will focus on the coastal area. For the purpose of this Guidebook and in the absence of an official definition of the coverage of an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) area, the actual boundaries to be used in defining the coastal zone shall be the area managed by the target end users of this Guidebook. This includes the coastal floodplain (woodland to maritime vegetation), the intertidal areas (mangrove to fine sand beach), the lagoons or mudflat with mangroves, estuaries and shallow coastal waters within the usual range of artisanal fishermen. (see Figure 3). 3.3 Coastal Land Use Planning (CLUP) Coastal Land Use Planning is the basic activity which seeks to rationalize and enhance the development of the coastal zone or communities. It also identifies, examines and provides solutions to Guidebook on Sustainable Coastal Land Use Planning and Management..19Integrated Environmental Management for Sustainable Development (TEM: major issues and conflicts in coastal resource allocation and utilization. 3.4 Resource Inventory and Stocktaking (Ecological Profiling) The primary information needed in coastal land use planning are the findings of the diagnoses of the present status of coastal zone resources. Maps serve as tools for issue identification. The preferred map scale for an ‘overview of the coast is from 1:25,000 to 1:50,000, while for in-depth physical planning and the preparation of land use and zoning plans, the preferable scale is 4:10,000. The data/information needed for the coastal ecological profile are provided in the following table: Outline of an Ecological Profile for Coastal Area ITEM DATA/INFORMATION NEEDED * Population, Employment, Income 1. Population and Demographic |* Fare Oath Characteristics Location and Boundaries « Land Resources, Forest Resources, Groundwater Resources, Mineral Resources * Coastal Resources (Fisheries, Mangroves, Coral Reefs, Sea Grasses) Hydrology and Climate Natural and Geologic Hazards Il. Biophysical characteristics Sources and Levels of Pollution Natural Resources —_Depletion/ Degradation Ill. State of environment and | ® natural resources . Present Coastal Land Use/Water Use Land Use Issues and Problems Water Use Issues and Problems IV, Land use 3.5 Survey and Mapping of Coastal Zone Subsystems or Coastal Land Subclassification The Coastal Zone Planning boundary shall be ascertained through the conduct of a land use survey and mapping of coastal fe Coastal Land Use Planning and Managementks on Sustainable Land Use Planning ¢ ey subsystems or coastal land subclassifications. Maps of subsystems listed below may be sourced from DENR, NAMRIA or BSWM. Actual survey is conducted to validate or update information on the status of use of these subsystems. The definition of coastal land subclassifications is provided in Annex 1. Moreover, the respective areas and status of extant coastal subsystems or land subclassifications as defined thereunder, shall be presented in tabular form as follows: ‘Woodlands | sand Dunes “Mineralized Area Pasture land Freshwater swamps | Tidal fats Brackishwater swamps Estuaries Seabea Coral Reefs Seagrass beds Mangroves Islands Ecologically Significant ~ Definition of each subsystem or subclassification of coastal land is provided in Annex 1 (Definition of Terms) A “Coastal Atlas” would be a useful reference material in preparing a land use plan for a coastal area. This consists of the following set of easily reproducible maps prepared on a common scale. Guidebook on Sustainable Coastal Land Use Planning and ManagementIntegrated Environmental Management for Sustainable Development (TEMSD) Programme => The first set of maps shall delineate biological, geographic and other physical features (see Figure 5). This map is an . overlay of the coastal ecosystem map and topographic map of the area. Sources of maps are the DENR, NAMRIA and BSWM. = The second set shall include the natural hazards map indicating the levels of risks to new developments arising from storm surges, earthquakes, landslides, erosion, floods, etc. (see Figure 3). Sources of maps are PHIVOLCS, PAGASA, DENR and BSWM. => Overlay maps of shellfish beds, wetlands and endangered species habitat shall depict more specific biological resources. Other overlay maps showing other environmental aspects and/or development constraints as required (e.g. critical habitats, endangered species, etc.) may be undertaken (see Figure 2). Sources of maps are DENR, PAWB and BSWM. => The resulting maps shall guide planners and policy-makers on the type and intensity of new development and identification of priority areas for protection or land acquisition. The list below enumerates the priority information requirements for coastal land use planning. To obtain these, LGU officials must coordinate with DENR or DA (BFAR) officers (see Tables 1 and 2 for the list of data and map requirements) 22. ..Guidebook on Sustainable Coastal Land Use Planning and Management£2" suauabouoy pur Guuueld 257 puny yoysoo9 a|qouipisng wo yooqaping “$861 ‘ddVid = *AOUNOS {53 puersseip weueweg NOWWAUaSNOD pe BAOYONWN a NVid 3HL JO (2. smieoso SINSW313 NOrVIN (zy enosbuew (24 seo uey --7 E59 8009) euewon Lee NOLLWA¥SSNOO NISYA —-—— Tens ED (080103 ennonposd) Z ONIDDO1 FISYNIVISNS (8810.4 eayonpoid-UON) NOI ‘ ohuassud 40 (89103 aajjonpord) ONIOOOT STYNWISNS NOUvisauOssvay | soulddiidd ‘Uemejeg 4103 uel yueudojanag ajqeuleysng y g ein6BiygManagement for, Sustainable pment (TEMSD) Programme. => Coastal renewable resources: Description of fisheries and aquaculture activity and yields, by species and seasons, extent of mangrove forest, activities and products, and extent of exploitation => Critical Habitats: Identification of habitats of critical importance, such as mangroves, wetlands, beaches, dunes, seagrass beds, coral reefs, tidal flats, estuaries, lagoons, etc. (see Figure 7 and Annex 1 for definitions) => Protection Areas: Description and evaluation of areas that should be designated as parks, reserves or other types of protected areas, as well as address restoration needs, among others. = Important Species: Identification of coastal species of particular significance, or of economic value; their habitats; and trends of population growth and their restoration needs. => Resource Problems: Information on special problem situations, such as highly polluted estuaries; extensive mangrove clearing for aquaculture ponds; destruction of coral reefs; and root cause(s) of their impairment. => Natural Hazards: Identification of situations that lead to increased risk of natural hazards, such as badly eroded beaches, flooded lowlands and islands, degraded coral reefs, and depleted mangrove cover. 24, ..Guidebook on Sustainable Coastal Land Use Planning and ManagementGuidebooks on Sustainable Land Use Planning and Management Table 1 LIST OF DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR COASTAL LAND USE PLANNING * All marine Protected areas indicated at the regional level J* Other — marine protected areas proposed by the province "Guidebook on Sustainable Coastal Land Use Pianning and Management..28 “=attainable Land Use Planning and Management Table 2 eee . protected treas in the coastal ‘and forest zones Le, NIPAS areas; marine ‘sanctuaries; watershed reservations; military, civil and mineral reservations ‘= goologic hazard map ‘= Network of protected ‘areas for agriculture PROVINCIAL MUNICIPAL + Maps (Scale: [= ‘Scale: 1:60,000) 113,000) ‘topographic __and | « topographic and bathymetric maps for erie maps. for the province ‘the coastal landscape + administrative map of | covered by municipality the province (with | » administrative map (with Updated municipalcity | Barangay Boundaries boundaries and major | and major road road network) network) z ‘land classification map map of protected areas in the coastal | and forest zones ie. NIPAS areas; marine sanctuaries; watershed reservations; military, civil and’ mineral reservations + geologic hazard map coastal land use management map showing licenses, permits and other management agreements; coastal development projects such 2s resorts, fishing, mangrove reforestation + erosion map ‘settlements = map (owiand and upland settlements) network of protected areas for agriculture Documents: Provincial Physical Framework Plan; Provincial Land Use Plan; Provincial Development Pian; and other development plans ‘+ map of protected areas in the coastal and forest zones i. NIPAS areas; ‘marine sanctuaries; watershed reservations; miltry, civil and mineral reservations; ‘and other areas. which are locally determined as protected areas + geologic hazerd map coastal land use management map ‘showing —_licenses, permits and other management agreements; coastal development projects such as resorts, fishing, industries, mangrove reforestation + erosion map + updated settlements map (lowland and upland settlements) Documents: Municipal Physical Framework Plan; ‘Municipal Land Use Plan; Municipal Development Plan; and other development plans“G66 ‘SHNSe1WYOd = *FONNOS (teoysjecs) | Geis 1epa) yor’ (enouBuew) enyeg | ueseqiH f uemeyeg eg ueBnin jo ssasn a2oinosai Je90] Aq pedojeaep wesbelp }2eSue.3 Je}se0D 9 einBig[pe Integrated Environmental Management for Sustainable => Socio-economic Status: Statistics and other forms of information on demographic, social organization of coastal communities and economic conditions => Users of Coastal Areas and Resources: Identification of users for tourism and recreation, manufacturing, maritime trade, mining, industrial uses, etc. The resource inventory (see 3.4) forms a major bulk of the ecological profile. Socioeconomic assessment is also part of this inventory. Socio-economic assessments shall be related to ecological conditions to be able to identify appropriate actions and responses to issues and problems. For example, coastal communities need to maintain the productivity of fishing grounds and curtail redundancy in the exploitation of fisheries to assure continuous livelihood for Subsistence fishermen. This calls for changes in fishing regimes to ensure the health of the resource base. Data in the ecological profile on the number of households and population dependent on fishing; their methods of fishing; yield per annum; and total income and expenditures are significant socio-economic indicators from which the degree of dependence of the communities on the Fisheries sector may be gauged from. See also page 18 for the table on ecological profile. ‘debook on Sustainable Coastal Land Use Planning ‘and Management Cee