The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™

ISSN 2307-8235 (online)

IUCN 2019: T135464004A135464016
Scope: Global
Language: English

Calochlaena novae-guineae
Assessment by: Williams, E.

View on www.iucnredlist.org

Citation: Williams, E. 2019. Calochlaena novae-guineae. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2019: e.T135464004A135464016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-
3.RLTS.T135464004A135464016.en

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Taxonomy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family

Plantae Tracheophyta Polypodiopsida Cyatheales Dicksoniaceae

Taxon Name:  Calochlaena novae-guineae (Rosenst.) M.D.Turner & R.A.White

Synonym(s):
• Culcita novae-guineae (Rosenst.) Lellinger
• Davallia novae-guineae Rosenst.
• Ithycaulon novae-guineae (Rosenst.) Alston

Taxonomic Source(s):
Board of Trustees, RBG Kew. 2018. Plants of the World Online Portal. Richmond, UK. Available at:
http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org.

Assessment Information
Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1

Year Published: 2019

Date Assessed: March 11, 2019

Justification:
Calochlaena novae-guineae is a tree fern that occurs in montane forest in Indonesia (West Papua
province) and Papua New Guinea (Madang and Morobe provinces). It is known from seven herbarium
specimens from five localities, collected from 1907 to 2014. It was discovered in Indonesia in 2014 and
surveys for this species are recommended as it is suspected to be under-collected. The estimated extent
of occurrence is 105,000 km2, exceeding the values needed for a threatened category. The area of
occupancy is unknown but there are large areas of suitable habitat across New Guinea and the species
could be found at additional sites. There are threats at two of the five localities from mining activities
and logging but the remaining three localities have no current threats, therefore the species does not
qualify for any threatened categories under criterion B. There is no information available on population
size or trends to use any other criteria. Therefore, the species is assessed as Least Concern, but
monitoring and further surveys for the species are recommended.

Geographic Range
Range Description:
Calochlaena novae-guineae occurs in Indonesia (West Papua province) and Papua New Guinea (Madang
and Morobe provinces). It was only discovered to occur in Indonesia (West Papua province) in 2011,
1,300 km away from the collections in Papua New Guinea. It is known from seven herbarium specimens
in five localities, collected from 1907 to 2014. It is suspected to be under collected as the plant
collecting density across New Guinea is lower than other areas in Malesia, and Indonesian New Guinea
is less well explored botanically than Papua New Guinea (Gideon 2015). The elevational range recorded

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Calochlaena novae-guineae – published in 2019. 1
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T135464004A135464016.en
on herbarium specimens is 1,700–2,200 m.

Country Occurrence:
Native: Indonesia (Papua); Papua New Guinea (Papua New Guinea (main island group))

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Calochlaena novae-guineae – published in 2019. 2
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T135464004A135464016.en
Population
This species was present in one out of eight vegetation plots (400 m2 size, 1,750–1,900 m elevation) in
the Arfak mountains, Indonesia, West Papua province, with only two juveniles and no mature individuals
recorded (unpublished plot data Kessler et al. 2018, see Karger et al. 2014 and Colwell et al. 2016 for
plot methodology).
Current Population Trend:  Unknown

Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information)

The species is a large tree fern and has been collected from primary and disturbed montane rainforest.
It is adapted to high mountain conditions (Lehnert 2013).

Systems:  Terrestrial

Use and Trade

Threats
In Indonesia, West Papua province this species is only known from the Pegunungan Arfak Nature
Reserve which currently has large areas of intact forest. However, the Arfak Mountains may be
threatened in the future by increased population pressure and agricultural expansion (Wikramanayake
et al. 2002). There are no known threats for the two localities in Madang province, Papua New Guinea
and large areas of forest are visible on satellite imagery. There are three collections from the Mount
Kaindi area (Morobe province, Papua New Guinea) where there is an active gold mine. This is suspected
to cause a decline in the forest habitat of this species around the mine through mining activities and
associated increased infrastructure. There was one collection from 1992 made in the Watut West
Timber Rights Purchase zone (Morobe province) where logging has taken place since 1992. It was
reported in 2004 that most logging took place around 2,000 m and there was some disturbance of the
forest while large timber trees were extracted (DNPM 2004). It is unknown how logging has affected this
species as it was collected at a higher elevation (2,900 m) then the reported logging and surveys for this
species in this area are recommended. The timber permit licence was due to expire in 2007 and it
unknown if it was renewed (DNPM 2004).

Conservation Actions
The species occurs in Pegunungan Arfak Nature Reserve in West Papua province, Indonesia and in
Mount Kaindi Wildlife Management Area in Morobe, Papua New Guinea (IUCN and UNEP-WCMC 2019).

Credits
Assessor(s): Williams, E.

Reviewer(s): Cámara-Leret, R. & Lehnert, M.

Contributor(s): Kessler, M. & Plummer, J.

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Calochlaena novae-guineae – published in 2019. 3
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T135464004A135464016.en
Facilitators(s) and Hargreaves, S.
Compiler(s):

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Calochlaena novae-guineae – published in 2019. 4
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T135464004A135464016.en
Bibliography
Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre, J. and Scott, B. 2011. Supporting Red List threat
assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. In: V. Smith and L. Penev (eds) e-
Infrastructures for data publishing in biodiversity science. Zookeys 150: 117-126.

Colwell, R.K., Gotelli, N.J., Ashton, L.A., Beck, J., Brehm, G., Fayle, T.M., Fiedler, K., Forister, M.L., Kessler,
M., Kitching, R.L., Klimes, P., Kluge, J., Longino, J.T., Maunsell, S.C., McCain, C.M., Moses, J., Noben, S.,
Sam, K., Sam, L., Shapiro, A.M., Wang, X. and Novotny, V. 2016. Midpoint attractors and species richness:
Modelling the interaction between environmental drivers and geometric constraints. Ecological Letters
19: 1009-1022.

DNPM (Department of National Planning and Monitoring). 2004. Papua New Guinea, Review of current
logging projects: Finalised individual project review report no. 10. Hohola, Port Moresby.

GBIF. 2019. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Available at: http://data.gbif.org/species/.

Gideon, O.G. 2015. The flora of New Guinea; its origins, affinities and patterns of diversity and
endemism. In: Bryan, J.E. and Shearman, P.L. (eds), The State of the Forests of Papua New Guinea 2014:
Measuring change over the period 2002-2014. University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby.

IUCN. 2019. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2019-3. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org.
(Accessed: 10 December 2019).

IUCN and UNEP-WCMC. 2019. The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). Cambridge, UK
Available at: https://www.protectedplanet.net/. (Accessed: 4 January 2019).

Karger, D.N., Weigelt, P., Amoroso, V.B., Darnaedi, D., Hidayat, A., Kreft, H. and Kessler, M. 2014. Island
biogeography from regional to local scales: evidence for a spatially scaled echo pattern of fern diversity
in the Southeast Asian archipelago. Journal of Biogeography 41: 250-260.

Lehnert, M., Coritico, F.P., Darnaedi, D., Hidayat, A., Kluge, J., Karger, D.N. and Kessler, M. 2013.
Taxonomic and ecological notes on the Alsophila hornei complex (Cyatheaceae-Polypodiopsida), with
the description of the new species A. phlebodes from New Guinea. Systematic Botany 38(4): 875-886.

White, R.A. and Turner, M.D. 1988. Calochlaena, a New Genus of Dicksonioid Ferns. American Fern
Journal 78(3): 86-95.

Wikramanayake, E., Dinerstein, E., Loucks, C., Olson, D., Morrison, J., Lamoreux. J., Mcknight, M. and
Hedao, P. 2002. Terrestrial ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a conservation assessment. Island Press,
Washington, DC, USA.

Citation
Williams, E. 2019. Calochlaena novae-guineae. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019:
e.T135464004A135464016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-
3.RLTS.T135464004A135464016.en

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External Resources

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Calochlaena novae-guineae – published in 2019. 5
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T135464004A135464016.en
For Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website.

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Calochlaena novae-guineae – published in 2019. 6
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T135464004A135464016.en
 Appendix

Habitats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Major
Habitat Season Suitability
Importance?

1. Forest -> 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane Resident Suitable -

Plant Growth Forms

(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Plant Growth Forms

Fern

Additional Data Fields

Distribution
Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) (km²): 105000

Lower elevation limit (m): 1700

Upper elevation limit (m): 2200

Habitats and Ecology

Continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Yes

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Calochlaena novae-guineae – published in 2019. 7
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T135464004A135464016.en
The IUCN Red List Partnership

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species
Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership.

The IUCN Red List Partners are: Arizona State University; BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens
Conservation International; Conservation International; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew;
Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; and Zoological Society of London.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™