REVIEW JURNAL INTERNASIONAL FARMAKOTERAPI II

Tentang
Recovery among People with Mental Illness (PMI) as
Perceived by the Caregivers in Islamic
Boarding School (IBS) in Indonesia

Disusun Untuk memenuhi Tugas Individu

Mata Kuliah : Farmakoterapi II
Dosen Pengampu : Apt. Tunjung Winarno, S.Farm

Disusun oleh:
Bella Suci Ramadhani (42118005)

PROGAM STUDI FARMASI

FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS PERADABAN
BUMIAYU
2020
 Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 5 (2), 2015, 67 - 75
Available Online at http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers

Recovery among People with Mental Illness (PMI) as

Perceived by the Caregivers in Islamic
Boarding School (IBS) in Indonesia

1 2 3
Widodo Sarjana , Alifiati Fitrikasari , Sri Padma Sari

ABSTRACT

Background: Mental hospitals as places to rehabilitation people with mental illness

(PMI) in Indonesia are limited in numbers and do not meet with the number of PMI.
The society may contribute in facilitating recovery and rehabilitation place for PMI
including Islamic boarding school. Some Islamic boarding schools provide
rehabilitation for PMI to help with recovery process. Recovery is an important aspect to
assess the success of PMI rehabilitation. Nevertheless, there has been no study on
Islamic boarding school’s caregivers’ perception on PMI recovery.
Purpose: This study aims to explore recovery perception of caregivers treating PMI in
Islamic boarding school and factors affecting recovery.
Methods: Data are acquired from 19 caregivers from three Islamic boarding schools
providing rehabilitation for PMI with Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The data
analyzed using descriptive analysis.
Result: Having a good communication is a recovery criterion that is mentioned the
most by caregivers. There are three biggest factors affecting recovery based on the
caregivers such as prayers or religion followed by social support from family and
environment and also doing activities.
Conclusion: The results may depict the PMI recovery so that the health care providers
can provide interventions that can support the recovery process in PMI.

Keywords: people with mental disorders, recovery, caregivers, islamic boarding school

1 Psychiatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University,

Indonesia. Email: widodosarjana22@yahoo.com
2 Psychiatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Indonesia.
3 School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Indonesia.

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 Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 5 (2), 2015, 68

BACKGROUND
Prevalence of mental disorders including severe disorders such as schizophrenia and
emotional mental disorders are considered high in Indonesia. Based on national basic
health research 2013, nation-world wide prevalence of emotional mental disorder is 6%
while severe mental disorder is 1% (Basic Health Research, 2013). In Central Java the
number of mental disorders has increased from 2007 to 2011 from 0.49% to 7.18%.
Data in the Regional Mental hospital (RMH) Dr. Amino Gondohutomo Semarang
mentioned that the number of inpatients is 3.914 persons with 99% suffering from
schizophrenia and emotional mental disorders (Lukitasari & Hidayati, 2013).

People with mental illnesss have some symptoms as a form of mental disorder such as
psychosis (hallucination and delusion), speech disorder, loss of motivation and
cognitive disorder. Some of those symptoms may cause social and work dysfunctions,
lack of interpersonal relationship, decline in personal care and mortality or morbidity
(Moller, 2009; Townsend 2008). Individuals suffering from this disorder also suffer
from a second disease, from social environment reaction and stigma. The society often
label “crazy people” making PMI feel ashamed to the society, have low self-esteem and
the absence of hope. The impact of stigmatization will result in social isolation, lack of
opportunity such as in job opportunity and social discrimination of PMI (Horrison &
Gill, 2010). All of these may reduce the quality of life of PMI. Some people with mental
illnesss also suffer from “pasung” (physical restraint) because family or society feel
disturbed with their presence.

Therapies for PMI can be devided into two therapies, pharmacological and
nonpharmacological therapy. The pharmacological therapy such as antipsychotic agents
is effective in alleviating symptoms in schizophrenia such as hallucination, delusion,
speech and inappropriate affect (Moller, 2009). While the nonpharmacological therapy
or psychosocial therapy in schizophrenia are psychoeducation, cognitive behavior
therapy (CBT), social skills training (SST), family therapy and assertive community
treatment (ACT) (Tandon, Nasrallah, & Keshavan, 2010). Psychosocial therapy has
some benefits such as relieving symptoms, preventing relaps, increasing social and self-
care functions and quality of life in people with schizophrenia. Both modalities of
therapy are aimed at helping the recovery of PMI.

Recovery is an important aspect to the success of the treatments of PMI. Recovery is a

unique process in each individual. Recent studies stated that the definition of recovery is
divided into clinical recovery and personal recovery. Clinical recovery is a low level of
psychopathology or decline in symptoms of mental disorders (Bobes et al, 2009) and no
rehospitalization (Grossman et al., 2008). Meanwhile, social recovery is defined as
prescence of hope and meaningful purpose (Hoper, 2007; Lysaker et al., 2010),
happiness (Buckland, Schepp, & Crusoe, 2013), socialization and finding place in the
society and being involved in a job (Cavelti et al., 2012; Roe, Mashoach-Eizenberg, &
Lysaker, 2011; Silverstein & Bellack, 2008).

Rehabilitation for PMI plays an important role in helping the recovery process.
Rehabilitation is an interventional program to prevent or reduce the severity of the
mental disorders in need (Perese & Wu, 2010). The government has responsibilities in

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 Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 5 (2), 2015, 69

providing rehabilitation care in order to help PMI recovery based on Regulation No. 36
year 2009 about health clause 145 (Konas Jiwa, 2013). However, psychiatric hospital
(PH) as a rehabilitation place for PMI is limited in number and do not meet with the
number of people with mental disorders which is increasing through the years.

Islamic boarding school (IBS) is a place to learn the religion of Islam which is growing
and expanding in Indonesia because of enormous supports and hopes from the society.
Some IBS do not only function as a place for the students to learn but also contribute in
facilitating recovery and rehabilitation place for people with mental illnesss. Some
studies showed that rehabilitation in IBS is beneficial in helping recovery along with
religious activities done in IBS (Sari & Wijayanti, 2014). However, during the course
there are some problems affecting the PMI rehabilitation in IBS such as the lack of care
giver, therapies provided, the minimum budget and the lack of society and family
support (Dahliyani, 2012; Naufal, 2014).

Recovery is a crucial aspect for people with mental disorders especially to offer positive
impact on the quality of life. The caregivers are the person who responsible to the
development and recovery for PMI in IBS replace the role of caregiver when the PMI
lived with the family. Nevertheless, study on PMI recovery according to IBS’ caregivers
has not been done in Indonesia. Thus, the purpose of the study is to get overview of the
definition of recovery and factors that may help the recovery process according to the
caregivers treating PMI in IBS.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to explore recovery perception of caregivers treating PMI
and factors affecting recovery perceived by the caregivers in Islamic boarding school in
Indonesia.

METHODS
Study design
This study is a qualitative research with fenomenology method meaning that a study has
the purpose of depicting and analyzing. With this method, the authors may understand
about PMI recovery perception according to the caregivers and factors affecting
recovery.

Sample and setting

This study conducted at three boarding schools in Demak, Magelang and Yogyakarta
which provided rehabilitation among PMI. Participants in this study are caregivers
treating PMI in IBS. Inclusion criteria for the participants are (1) caregivers who are
responsible for treating PMI, (2) living in Islamic boarding school and (3) are willing to
participate in this study.

Ethical Considerations
This study had been approved by the ethic committee from Faculty of Medicine
Diponegoro University. The informed consent was obtained from all patients. Informed
consent is provided for the participants to gather information in the study, the right to
participate and the confidentiality guaranteed by the researchers including anonymity.

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Data collection and analysis

Data collection is used by the questionnaire about personal identity, and Focus Group
Discussion (FGD). The authors then use descriptive analyses to thoroughly review the
significant results.

RESULT
Characteristics of the participants
There are 19 caregivers from three Islamic boarding schools. The description of
participants’ characteristics can be seen in table 1.

Table 1. Participants’ characteristic

No. Name Age Sex Level of education Length in Length in

(Initial) boarding caring (Month)
(Month)
1 M 18 F Junior high school 24 18
2 AA 23 M Senior high school 72 36
3 N 18 M Senior high school 48 1
4 RCM 16 M Junior high school 24 12
5 MNK 16 F Junior high school 11 1
6 UC 16 F Junior high school 36 1
7 MI 17 M Senior high school 24 1
8 RA 23 M Senior high school 60 1
9 SN 18 F Senior high school 48 1
10 SF 17 F Junior high school 36 6
11 NF 19 F Senior high school 36 1
12 AK 28 M Bachelor 48 36
13 YP 28 M Senior high school 84 24
14 TAR 22 M Senior high school 96 3
15 IU 24 M Senior high school 48 24
16 MA 27 M Senior high school 60 8
17 MS 23 M Senior high school 84 3
18 RR 23 F Junior high school 30 4
19 FF 25 F Junior high school 96 12

Recovery
According to the participants, there are some criteria when PMI is said to recover, as
can be seen in the table 2. After living for some time with PMI, caregivers formulate a
definition of recovery itself. Some caregivers assume that patients are said to recover
when they talk appropriately and act like normal people.

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 Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 5 (2), 2015, 71

Table 2. Criteria of recovery

No Criteria of recovery N %
1 Good communication 15 78.9
2 Normal attitude 10 52.6
3 Good relationship 3 15.8
4 Good behaviour 3 15.8
5 Good orientation 3 15.8
6 Having activity 3 15.8
7 Socialisation 2 10.5
8 Having no hallucination 2 10.5
9 Having goal of life 2 10.5
10 Nonadherence to medication 2 10.5

This is implied from the said of a participant as follows:

“…to recover means being able to comprehend and answer appropriately when
being spoken to… when one is not recovered, the answers might not be proper...”
(YP)
“…recovery… can be calm, used to have a weird behavior, smiles and sings on his
own… now those are diminished...”
(FF)

Factors affecting recovery

Some factors may affect patients’ recovery according to the caregivers, among others
can be seen in table 3.
Table 3. Factors contributing to recovery

No Factors N %
1 Praying/ religion 11 57.9
2 Support from family and 10 52.6
community
3 Having activity 10 52.6
4 Belief for recovery 5 26.3
5 Medication 5 26.3

There are some factors affecting the recovery according to caregivers such as therapy/
prayers, family and environmental support, doing activities, faith to recover and taking
medications. These things are stated by an informant as follows:
…religious activity, doing Quran recital, prayer may accelerate recovery.
(AK)
…to recover, factors contributing to it are willingness, from medications to help,
prayers given: communal prayers may us closer and have more faith in Allah.
make (RR)

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DISCUSSION
Recovery is a unique process in each individual. The definition of recovery in people
with mental disorder (PMI) that is found in most studies is being able to communicate
followed by behaving like normal person and cooperative. This definition is in line with
previous studies referring that recovery is an outcome with low level of
psychopathology and severity of the existing symptoms such as speaking and behaving
well (Bobes et al., 2009; Silverstein & Bellack, 2008). Some expressed by caregivers
also don’t meet other criteria i.e. the return of social function like working and absence
of rehospitalization (Grossman et al., 2008). This shows that the definition of PMI
recovery chosen mostly by the Islamic boarding school caregivers still focuses on the
clinical recovery or the low level of psychopathology or lack of symptoms of mental
disorder.

Only few caregivers mention that PMI recovery chose the presence of socialization and
purpose in life that is a part of a personal recovery (Cavelti et al., 2012; Roe, Mashoach-
Eizenberg, & Lysaker, 2011).This study was supported by other studies about the
concept of recovery as a process to achieve a meaningful life (Hopper, 2007), happiness
(Buckland, Schepp, & Crusoe, 2013) or quality of social relationship, self-esteem, and
hopes (Lysaker et al., 2010). The study is also supported by Ciudad, Bobes and Alvarez
(2011) in his study that recovery in PMI at least meet three different criteria i.e. reduced
symptoms, increased function and subjective response in each individual. The lack of
symptoms can be obviously seen such as good communication, absence of hallucination
or good orientation. Increased function can be seen by socialization and activities while
subjective response can be seen by knowing the purpose of life.

Factors affecting recovery according to participants of the study are therapies done by
the Islamic boarding school such as prayers, family and environmental support, doing
activities, faith to recover and taking the medications. Some caregivers in Islamic
boarding school believe that therapies and supplications given to PMI while living in
Islamic boarding school contribute hugely to recovery process of PMI. This agrees with
other studies done in Islamic boarding school that is Dahliyani (2012) exploring
methods and religious activities done in Islamic boarding school to PMI. The result
showed that religious activity done in Islamic boarding school for PMI such as
congregational prayers, Quran recital, review about wisdom stories, communal
supplications, remember of God’s messanger, studying and individual mentoring. The
main therapy applied is, among others, supplications and proven effective on PMI
recovery.

Besides, supplication is a part of spirituality which is beneficial for PMI recovery. This
is in line with previous studies done by Sari and Wijayanti (2014) which attempted to
explore spiritual experience of PMI and benefits while living in Islamic boarding
school. The results were: 1) spiritual definition of being close to Allah and religious
activities which become increasingly consistent, and 2) benefits of spirituality i.e.
recovery from mental illness, symptoms management, behavioural change, emotional
change and attention for the future. Spirituality plays an important role for patients
including helping recovery of PMI.

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 Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 5 (2), 2015, 73

Some caregivers also choose family and environment support as an important influence
to affect the PMI recovery while living in Islamic boarding school. Some caregivers
complain about the lack of family support of PMI. The results are in line with other
studies that the low rate of seclusion and the abundant social support may increase
recovery and quality of life of PMI (Roe, Mashoach-Eizenberg, & Lysaker, 2011).

The results of this study show that therapy, supplications etc play more important role
compared to medications. This contradicts the previous studies in other countries stating
that medication compliance and types of medications given are predictors for recovery
(Novick et al, 2009). Some Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia providing
rehabilitation for PMI do not utilize medications in the treatment of PMI similar to
previous studies done in IBS but only using therapies and prayers which are considered
beneficial for the PMI recovery process (Dahliyani, 2012; Nusrotuddiniyah, 2013).

CONCLUSION
The study reflects recovery perception people with mental illness (PMI) according to
caregivers treating PMI in Islamic boarding school. Most caregivers consider PMI
recovery has some characteristics, with top three characteristics as follow: being able to
communicate well followed by behaving like normal people and is cooperative.
Meanwhile factors affecting recovery according to IBS’ caregivers are prayers, family
and environmental support, doing activities, faith to recover and taking medications.
There are three themes acquired from this study that is spiritual definition, spiritual
experience and its effect.

The result of the study recommends that mental health care providers may discuss
regarding education about mental illness to IBS’ caregivers considering there are IBS in
Indonesia that provide rehabilitations for PMI. Besides, health care providers and/ or
psychiatric hospital are expected to provide spiritual therapy and facilities for PMI’s
spiritual improvement because supplications and spiritual condition may help with PMI
recovery process.

PMI recovery in this study is a perspective of PMI caregivers living in IBS. Therefore,
future studies may explore PMI recovery from the perspective of PMI, family or mental
health care provider such as psychiatrists and mental nurses. As a result, all elements
have the same perception on PMI recovery and proper measures to help with PMI
recovery process.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This paper is part of research funded by the Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro
University Indonesia under its Programme Grants for Developments and Applied
Research.

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 REVIEW JURNAL
Judul Pemulihan pada Orang dengan Penyakit Mental (PMI) sebagai
Dipersepsi oleh Pengasuh dalam Islam Boarding School (IBS) di
Indonesia
Jurnal Journal of Nursing
Download http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers
Volume & Halaman Vol.5 Hal.67-75
Tahun 2015
Penulis Widodo Sarjana, Alifiati Fitrikasari, Sri Padma Sari
Reviewer BELLA SUCI RAMADHANI (42118005)
Tanggal 07 Dec 2020

Abstrak Jurnal yang berjudul ‘’Pemulihan pada Orang dengan

Penyakit Mental (PMI) sebagai Dipersepsi oleh Pengasuh
dalam Islam Boarding School (IBS) di Indonesia’’ bertujuan
untuk mengeksplorasi persepsi pemulihan dari pengasuh yang
menangani PMI diPesantren dan faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi pemulihan.

Pada jurnal ini penulisan jurnal hanya menggunakan satu Bahasa

yaitu Bahasa inggris. Secara keseluruhan isi dari abstrak ini
langsung menuju topik bahasan yang dibahas dalam jurnal ini,
yang menurut saya pembaca menjadi mudah memahami jurnal ini
Pengantar Pada paragraf pertama, penulis menegaskan bahwa Prevalensi
gangguan jiwa termasuk gangguan berat seperti skizofrenia dan
Gangguan mental emosional tergolong tinggi di Indonesia.
Berdasarkan dasar nasional penelitian kesehatan 2013, prevalensi
gangguan mental emosional di seluruh dunia adalah 6%
sedangkan gangguan jiwa berat 1% (Riset Kesehatan Dasar,
2013). Di Jawa Tengah gangguan jiwa meningkat dari tahun 2007
hingga 2011 dari 0,49% menjadi 7,18%. Data di Rumah Sakit
Jiwa Daerah (RMH) Dr. Amino Gondohutomo Semarang
menyebutkan jumlah pasien rawat inap sebanyak 3.914 orang
dengan 99% menderita skizofrenia dan gangguan mental
emosional.

kemudian diparagraf kedua dijelaskan bahwa Orang dengan

gangguan jiwa memiliki beberapa gejala sebagai bentuk
gangguan jiwa seperti psikosis (halusinasi dan delusi), gangguan
bicara, kehilangan motivasi dan gangguan kognitif. Beberapa
gejala tersebut dapat menyebabkan disfungsi sosial dan kerja,
kurangnya hubungan interpersonal, penurunan perawatan pribadi
dan mortalitas atau morbiditas). Orang yang menderita gangguan
ini juga menderita penyakit kedua, dari reaksi lingkungan sosial
dan stigma. Masyarakat sering Label “orang gila” membuat PMI
merasa malu kepada masyarakat, memiliki harga diri yang rendah
dan tidak adanya harapan. Dampak stigmatisasi akan
mengakibatkan isolasi sosial, ketiadaan kesempatan kerja dan
diskriminasi sosial PM). Semua ini dapat menurunkan kualitas
hidup PMI. Beberapa orang dengan mental penyakit juga
menderita “pasung” (pengekangan fisik) karena perasaan
keluarga atau masyarakat terganggu dengan kehadiran mereka.

Paragraf selanjutnya, penulis menjelaskan tentang Terapi PMI

dapat dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu terapi farmakologis dan terapi
non farmakologis. Terapi farmakologis seperti agen
antipsikotikefektif dalam meredakan gejala skizofrenia seperti
halusinasi, delusi, ucapan dan pengaruh yang tidak pantas.
Sedangkan terapi non farmakologis atau terapi psikososial pada
skizofrenia adalah psikoedukasi, perilaku kognitifterapi (CBT),
pelatihan keterampilan sosial (SST), terapi keluarga dan
komunitas yang tegas pengobatan (ACT). Terapi psikososial
memiliki beberapa manfaat seperti meredakan gejala, mencegah
kambuh, meningkatkan pergaulan danfungsi perawatan dan
kualitas hidup penderita skizofrenia. Kedua modalitasterapi
ditujukan untuk membantu pemulihan PMI.

Pada bagian pengantar ini juga disampaikan bahwa Pemulihan

merupakan aspek penting bagi penderita gangguan jiwa terutama
untuk menawarkan hal positif berdampak pada kualitas hidup.
Pengasuh adalah orang yang bertanggung jawab atas
pengembangan dan pemulihan PMI di IBS menggantikan peran
caregiver saat menjadi PMI tinggal bersama keluarga. Namun
demikian, studi tentang pemulihan PMI menurut pengasuh
IBSbelum pernah dilakukan di Indonesia. Dengan demikian,
tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran
tentang definisi pemulihan dan faktor-faktor yang dapat
membantu proses pemulihan menurut pengasuh yang merawat
PMI di IBS.
Metode penelitian Desain studi, Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif
dengan metode fenomenologi makna yang dimiliki suatu
penelitiantujuan penggambaran dan analisis. Dengan metode ini,
penulis dapat memahaminyatentang persepsi pemulihan PMI
menurut pengasuh dan faktor yang mempengaruhinyapemulihan.

Sampel dan pengaturan, Penelitian dilakukan di tiga pondok

pesantren di Demak, Magelang dan Yogyakartayang memberikan
rehabilitasi di antara PMI. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah
pengasuhmengobati PMI di IBS. Kriteria inklusi untuk peserta
adalah (1) pengasuh yang adabertanggung jawab merawat PMI,
(2) tinggal di pesantren dan (3) bersediaberpartisipasi dalam
penelitian ini.

Pertimbangan Etis, Penelitian ini telah disetujui oleh komite

etik dari Fakultas KedokteranUniversitas Diponegoro.
Persetujuan yang diinformasikan diperoleh dari semua pasien.
Diberitahukanpersetujuan diberikan kepada peserta untuk
mengumpulkan informasi dalam studi, hak untukberpartisipasi
dan kerahasiaan dijamin oleh para peneliti termasuk anonimitas.

koleksi data dan analisis, Pengumpulan data menggunakan

kuesioner tentang identitas diri, dan Focus GroupDiskusi (FGD).
Para penulis kemudian menggunakan analisis deskriptif untuk
meninjau secara menyeluruh hasil yang signifikan.
Pembahasan Pada bagian pembahasan, sub pokok yang pertama dibahas
adalah Pemulihan adalah proses unik pada setiap individu.
Definisi pemulihan pada manusia dengan gangguan mental (PMI)
yang ditemukan di sebagian besar penelitian adalah kemampuan
berkomunikasi diikuti dengan berperilaku seperti orang normal
dan kooperatif. Definisi ini sejalan dengan penelitian sebelumnya
menyebutkan bahwa pemulihan merupakan hasil dengan tingkat
yang rendah psikopatologi dan keparahan gejala yang ada seperti
berbicara dan berperilaku baik. Beberapa diungkapkan oleh
pengasuh juga tidak memenuhi kriteria lain yaitu kembalinya
fungsi sosial seperti bekerja dan absendari rawat inap kembali.
Hal ini menunjukkan definisi PMI Pemulihan yang dipilih
sebagian besar oleh pengasuh pondok pesantren masih fokus pada
pemulihan klinis atau psikopatologi tingkat rendah atau
kurangnya gejala mental kekacauan.

Sub yang kedua menjelaskan bahhwa Hanya sedikit pengasuh

yang menyebutkan bahwa pemulihan PMI memilih adanya
sosialisasi dantujuan hidup yang merupakan bagian dari
pemulihan pribadi. Penelitian ini didukung oleh penelitian lain
tentang konsep pemulihan sebagai proses untuk mencapai
kehidupan yang bermakna, kebahagiaan atau kualitas hubungan
sosial, diriharga diri, dan harapan. Kajian ini juga didukung oleh
Ciudad, Bobesdan Alvarez (2011) dalam studinya bahwa
pemulihan di PMI setidaknya memenuhi tiga hal yang
berbedakriteria yaitu gejala berkurang, fungsi meningkat dan
respon subjektif di masing-masingindividu. Minimnya gejala
terlihat jelas seperti komunikasi yang baik,tidak adanya
halusinasi atau orientasi yang baik. Peningkatan fungsi dapat
dilihat dengansosialisasi dan kegiatan sedangkan respon subjektif
dapat dilihat dengan mengetahui tujuan hidup.

Sub ketiga menjelaskan Faktor yang mempengaruhi kesembuhan

menurut partisipan penelitian adalah terapi yang dilakukan oleh
pesantren seperti sholat, keluarga dan dukungan lingkungan,
lakukan aktivitas, keyakinan untuk pulih dan minum obat.
Beberapa pengasuh dalam Islam Pesantren percaya bahwa terapi
dan permohonan diberikan kepada PMI selama tinggal di
Pesantren berkontribusi besar dalam proses pemulihan PMI. Ini
setuju denganPenelitian lain yang dilakukan di pesantren yaitu
eksplorasi, metode dan kegiatan keagamaan yang dilakukan di
pesantren kepada PMI. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan
keagamaan yang dilakukan di pesantren bagi PMI antara
lainsholat berjamaah, pembacaan Quran, review tentang cerita
hikmah, komunal permohonan, ingat pembawa pesan Tuhan,
belajar dan bimbingan individu. Itu Terapi utama yang diterapkan
antara lain permohonan dan terbukti efektif pada PMI pemulihan.
Selain itu, do'a merupakan bagian dari spiritualitas yang
bermanfaat bagi kesembuhan PMI. IniHal ini sejalan dengan
penelitian sebelumnya yang dilakukan oleh Sari dan Wijayanti
(2014) yang berusaha mengeksplorasi pengalaman spiritual PMI
dan manfaatnya selama tinggal di pesantren sekolah. Hasilnya
adalah: 1) definisi spiritual tentang kedekatan dengan Allah dan
 religius kegiatan yang semakin konsisten, dan 2) manfaat
spiritualitas yaitu pemulihan dari penyakit mental, manajemen
gejala, perubahan perilaku, emosional perubahan dan perhatian
untuk masa depan. Spiritualitas berperan penting bagi pasien
termasuk membantu pemulihan PMI.

Beberapa pengasuh juga memilih dukungan keluarga dan

lingkungan sebagai pengaruh pentinguntuk mempengaruhi
pemulihan PMI selama tinggal di pesantren. Beberapa pengasuh
mengeluh tentang kurangnya dukungan keluarga dari PMI.
Hasilnya sejalan dengan lainnyastudi bahwa tingkat pengasingan
yang rendah dan dukungan sosial yang melimpah dapat
meningkatpemulihan dan kualitas hidup PMI. Hasil penelitian ini
menunjukkan bahwa terapi, permohonan dsb lebih berperan
pentingdibandingkan dengan obat-obatan. Hal ini bertentangan
dengan penelitian sebelumnya di negara lain yang
menyatakanbahwa kepatuhan pengobatan dan jenis pengobatan
yang diberikan merupakan prediktor untuk pemulihan. Beberapa
pesantren di Indonesia menyediakan Rehabilitasi PMI tidak
menggunakan obat-obatan dalam pengobatan PMI serupastudi
sebelumnya dilakukan di IBS tetapi hanya menggunakan terapi
dan doa yang dianggapbermanfaat bagi proses pemulihan PMI.

Dalam sub pokok pembahasan yang sudah dijelaskan oleh penulis

dijelaskan sangat rinci bagaimana komponen dan metode yg di
gunakan dalam penelitian tersebut dilaksanakan. Pembahasan
yang dilakukan oleh penulis mudah dipahami maksud dan
tujuannya olem pembaca.
Simpulan Pada bagian kesimpulan, penulis membuktikan dan menjelaskan
bahwa Penelitian tersebut mencerminkan persepsi kesembuhan
orang dengan penyakit jiwa (PMI) menurutnya pengasuh yang
merawat PMI di pesantren. Sebagian besar pengasuh
mempertimbangkan PMIp emulihan memiliki beberapa
karakteristik, dengan tiga karakteristik teratas sebagai berikut:
mampu berkomunikasi dengan baik diikuti dengan berperilaku
seperti orang normal dan kooperatif. Sedangkan faktor yang
mempengaruhi kesembuhan menurut pengasuh IBS adalah doa,
keluargadan dukungan lingkungan, melakukan aktivitas,
keyakinan untuk pulih dan minum obat.Ada tiga tema yang
didapat dari penelitian ini yaitu definisi spiritual, spiritual
 pengalaman dan efeknya. Hasil studi merekomendasikan agar
penyedia perawatan kesehatan mental dapat berdiskusi mengenai
edukasi tentang penyakit jiwa kepada pengasuh IBS mengingat
adanya IBS di dalamnya Indonesia yang memberikan rehabilitasi
bagi PMI. Selain itu, penyedia layanan kesehatan dan / atau RS
Jiwa diharapkan dapat memberikan terapi dan fasilitas spiritual
bagi PMI peningkatan spiritual karena permohonan dan kondisi
spiritual dapat membantu PMI proses pemulihan. Pemulihan PMI
dalam penelitian ini merupakan perspektif pengasuh PMI yang
tinggal di IBS. Karena itu,studi masa depan dapat mengeksplorasi
pemulihan PMI dari perspektif PMI, keluarga atau
mentalpenyedia perawatan kesehatan seperti psikiater dan
perawat mental. Hasilnya, semua elemen memiliki persepsi yang
sama tentang pemulihan PMI dan tindakan yang tepat untuk
membantu PMI proses pemulihan.

Pada bagian kesimpulan ini penulis cukup baik dalam

menjelaskan, penulis lengkap dalam menyimpulkan keseluruhan
isi dari jurnal ini. Menurut saya hasil dalam penelitian ini sudah
cukup detail.
Kekuatan Penelitian 1. Teori dan analisis yang digunakan tepat
2. Analisisya mudah dipahami
kesimpulan lengkap
Kelemahann Penelitian1. Bahasa yang digunakan penulis hanya menggunakan bahasa
inggris.