INSULIN PUMP
For patients with diabetes type 1 !
Deac Andrei Lucian
Professor coord.Flavius Opritoiu, PhD
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome characterized by
elevated blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and metabolic
imbalance. The hormone called insulin allows the body's
cells to use glucose as a source of energy. When insulin
secretion is insufficient or when insulin does not fulfill its
role in the body, the condition is called diabetes.
Diabetes can be kept under control by careful diet and
weight monitoring and by exercise as a supplement to
medical treatment. WHO (World Health Organization)
recognizes three main forms of diabetes: type 1, type 2,
and gestational (pregnancy). The most common forms
are type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. [1] The term
type 1 diabetes has replaced several old terms such as
juvenile diabetes and insulin dependent diabetes.
Similarly, the term diabetes mellitus has replaced old
names, including insulin-independent diabetes (non-
insulin-dependent).Type 1 diabetes is characterized by
the destruction of pancreatic beta cells producing insulin
from the Langerhans islets in the pancreas, leading to an
insulin deficiency. The main cause is an autoimmune
reaction mediated by T lymphocytes. Type 1 diabetes
accounts for about 10% of diabetes cases in Europe and
North America. Most patients have their onset of health,
often at childhood (although they may occur at any age).
[2] Insulin sensitivity is normal, especially in early
stages. Although advances in recent years are
remarkable (more advanced insulin pens, insulin pumps,
including wireless, continuous glucose monitoring
sensors), artificial pancreas or other cure for this disease
is yet to occur. What I succeed in proposing in this
article is, as far as possible, a successful insulin pump
that automatically injects your insulin into your body
when you see high blood glucose homeostasis, this
emulation of the human body try as far as possible to do
it, in a 3D program.
I. Introduction
The innovation is to be able to create a device as small as
possible to be used on different parts of the body in order to
make life as easy as possible for people with insulin
dependent diabetes mellitus. Today we can talk of a lot of
technology brought to a revolutionary level in a way that
makes the life of a diabetic lighter, among the researches
brought into the plan already exist in the market glucose
monitoring sensors that can work without the patient being
forced to get stuck in his fingertips daily. [3]
These are implantable sensors, which provide constant
information about blood glucose levels. There are many
products of this kind, but one of the most modern is
Eversense, already available in Europe. Produced by
Senseonics, the Eversense Implantable Sensor works on the
basis of fluorescence technology, an innovative technology,
measuring glucose from the interstitial fluid in the skin. [4]
The sensor has a lifetime of about 90 days. It is small in size
and does not need a battery, being powered wirelessly by a
small wired transmitter. It receives the data in real time from
the sensor and transmits it to the phone via Bluetooth.
Depending on the values, the device sends specific alarms,
both sound and vibration to the transmitter. The app is
available for Android and IOS, in Romanian. Considering
these multiple possibilities to create medical devices, the
only thing to keep in mind is the passion for research, given
that Sugar Diabetes is currently the second disease in the
world. Being in the age of artificial intelligence, it goes into
the development in time of devices as positively more
durable than those mentioned above but on the same
procedural concepts considering glycemic homeostasis and
the health of the person with diabetes to avoid serious
complications .
 II. Concept
The concept of creating a quasi-static pump that
automatically injects your insulin into the body with
endoscopic sensors was revolutionary for those with Google
with different sensors that you could take at one time to
children under 8 years of age glucose in the ear lobe.
Technology has advanced today and we also include patches
that take your blood sugar without getting stuck in your
fingers to take blood. A process in developing this pump is
to combine two great technologies, a normal manual pump
that looks for insulin or bolus insulin at the wish of the
pointer, and a sensor with an invasive catheter with which it
also reads direct blood glucose from the blood at the
molecular level.

This pump is the only thing that could make patients with
DID, normal people without worrying they forgot to maybe
take the insulin dose after they ate. Of course, to give yields,
a lot of tests would have to be done to succeed as accurately
as possible to deliver insulin when he sees a rise in blood
glucose .The pump can be controlled by a small device of
the size of a credit card, namely a Raspberry-pi, an Atmel
AtMega644 microcontroller that has its own memory and
processor capable of storing information about the patient's
condition. What does the pump actually do?

It comes packed with a catheter that is inserted into areas

with subcutaneous tissue to put insulin into the body, of
course the catheter comes with an endoplasmic sensor that
detects cellular glycemic homeostasis and the pump set to
automatically introduce your insulin into your body. In
Figure 1, I get the emulated side of a human body in
Blender in the idea of showing that this pump can be put in
any place where muscle tissue is found. [5]

That is why it can be positioned in any part of the body as

long as the person in question can reach it and can handle it (Figure 1- A human body emulator in Blender)
in such a way as to obtain the desired results. What I want to
do in the 3D program called Blender is the real-time Calibration of the pump will be done according to the
glycemic emulation and this pump can perform the sequence patient's blood glucose level and this calibration should be
in the database and show a dependence between the inserted done within a minimum of 24 h.[6] Because insulin
insulin and the fluctuations of the glycemia, in principle I cartridges of about 3 ml equivalent to 300 units of insulin,
wish to achieve a (glycosylated HbA1C within 3 months of this it will not take more than a week plus a few days so that
blood glucose) ranging from 5.5 to 6% mg /dl (this means the consumables will last for as long as possible and more
blood glucose below 120 mg / dl). autonomously and can change to 2 or 3 times when
changing the insulin cartridge. In figure 2, I tried to make a
representation of the image of such a pump that has the
In the idea if it could be conceived, this would be done with
characteristics mentioned above in such a way that it can be
a margin of 25-30 mg / dl, which brings to the forefront the
brought to a smaller size in the relay in order not to create
fact that the patient may propose to set the pump to have
discomfort to the person who uses it.
only 80 mg / dL of blood glucose with glycemic variations
between 80-110 mg / dl. There is the possibility that sensors
can induce other glycemic values, and then the physical
pump would be preferable not just to concept level in the
emulator, but a continuous alert system with vibrations and
electric pulses when the blood glucose level drops below 60
mg / dl, warn the patient.
 it is estimated that more than 27 million people suffer from
diabetes at Union level.[7]

Thus, important funds have been allocated and multi-

country national programs have been developed, such as
diabetes prevention focusing on high-risk disease groups,
diabetes management, educational programs for diabetic
patients and training programs for specialists in the field.
Our country is paying attention to all European levels of
tackling diabetes. Moreover, the Romanian Society for
Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases (SRDNBM) has
endeavored to make the situation in Romania as real as
possible at the level of the decision makers, on the one hand,
in order to be aware of its seriousness and on the other hand
in order to support the correct dimensioning of the human,
material and financial effort in combating this new
challenge that the modern world faces.
(Figure 2-Cvasistatic insulin pump-real concept)
Insufficient involvement of health authorities in
materializing these two tasks can have negative effects on
the health of the population. The hypothesis may also be
Of course, this concept can be improved at all times, but at
unfavorable to Romania's interests internationally, in the
the moment I imagined that it could be as good as possible
context of the increasingly visible concerns of European
in the dimensions that are more convincing than reality. The
states on the issue of diabetes. In conclusion, I want this
concept would be much more interesting if of course you
idea to be implemented in order to make the lives of people
could calculate immediately what you have to ingest in the
with diabetes much easier to live.
body, the calculation of carbohydrates being precise and
automatic segvent, and having the insulin bonus calculation
rate after the following value: 1 BE = 10-12 carbohydrates
equivalent to 1-1.1 units of insulin. The pump is a stand- IV. References
alone one because it can be designed for each individual
patient, for each type of insulin and in a proportion that is [1].-https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabet_zaharat
programmed for the caloric index with the insulin bonuses [2]-Viorel Serban, Iulian Velea- “Diabetul Zaharat
associated with each individual patient. Insulinodependent al Copilului si Adolescentului”,
Editura MIRTON TIMISOARA, 1998, 206 pagini
[3]-https://viatacudiabet.ro/diabetul/diabet-zaharat-tip-
Considering that the pump has its own display, this also 1/pompa-de-insulina-ce-este-si-cum-functioneaza-8
means thinking about a user-friendly interface that also [4]-https://ehealthromania.com/masurarea-glicemiei-
benefits from bluetooth and wifi that you want to save in the fara-ac-7-noi-aparate/
cloud directly on your phone mobile or any device that [5]- https://free3d.com/3d-models/blender-human
comes with Android or IOS.I hope that one day this concept [6]-https://intelligence.sri.ro/diabetul-zaharat-o-
that has been tried to be translated into a theme can be problema-de-securitate-nationala/
accomplished at a high level and to a certain extent at [7]-Laws and decrees on diabetes.
minimal cost in order to allow any man, regardless of the
social class he has and of the possibilities to buy it. Of
course, I would try to make it as positively possible as
possible from the funds I hope to have to develop not only at
program level but also at device level called pump that
automatically puts insulin into your body.

III. Conclusions
From 2013, diabetes is considered a major problem for
Europe. According to EU Regulation 1291/2013 (page 148),