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Transformer engineering-design and practice [Book Review]

Article  in  IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine · August 2005

DOI: 10.1109/MEI.2005.1489999 · Source: IEEE Xplore

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 B O O K R E V I E W S

properties not previously available that Transformer Engineering—

give the new design a distinct advantage Design and Practice
by over the older design with the intention of by S. V. Kulkarni and S. A. Khaparde
having a better product than the competi-
John J. tors.
Marcel Dekker, Inc.
270 Madison Ave.
The book covers polymer composites;
Shea advanced ceramics; intermetallics; metal
New York, NY 10016
Phone: (800) 228 1160
matrix composites; nickel, titanium, and Fax: (212) 685 4540
aluminum alloys; and functionally graded http://www.dekker.com
materials (e.g., materials used to grade and ISBN 0-8247-5653-3
match thermal coefficient of expansion and 490 pp. - $149.95 (Hardcover), 2004
The Handbook of Advanced other applications). Also included are
Materials—Enabling New chapters on corrosion, some material stan- This handbook describes the practical
Designs dards, nondestructive testing of ceramics, aspects of power transformer design and
by J. K. Wessel and rapid prototyping. Critical perfor- provides a good theoretical background
John Wiley & Sons mance data are presented for many differ- and engineering practice. It covers how to
111 River Street ent types of variants for each material along improve power transformer performance
Hoboken, NJ 07030 with details on the latest types of materi- and reliability, especially for large kVA to
Phone: (877) 762-2974 als being produced. For our readers, the MVA devices that must handle high dielec-
Fax: (800) 597-3299 polymer composites may be of more in- tric, thermal, and electro-dynamic stresses.
http://www.wiley.com terest, which cover mainly fiber-reinforced This text is a blend of theory with good
ISBN: 0-471-45475-3 thermoset materials, covering many types engineering practice. For readers involved
655 pp. - $130 (Hardcover), 2004 of fibers, but focusing mainly on carbon in transformer design, there is up-to-date
fiber with design considerations for resin, coverage on magnetic core characteristics,
Improvements in material properties laminates, and testing; fabrication meth- impedance characteristics, eddy current
enable designers to invent new products ods and processes; and environmental per- losses, stray losses in the structural com-
and to improve the performance of exist- formance considerations. There is no in- ponents, short circuit and withstand
ing products. New materials that are lighter depth coverage on the materials but rather stresses, surge phenomena, insulation, and
in weight with increased performance over tables of material property comparisons. cooling systems. There are also chapters
the previously used materials, for instance The many references at the end of each on structural design, special transformers
graphite golf clubs or aluminum engine chapter provide a good source for more in- (rectifier, converter for HVDC, furnace,
components, are constantly being devel- depth study once a material with the de- and phase-shifting transformers). The in-
oped. This book describes the most re- sired properties is found. formation on recent trends shows new de-
cently introduced advanced construction Readers who have parts of a product velopments being made in magnetic ma-
materials that would be used generally for that, if made from materials with improved terials, winding materials, insulation, com-
mechanical structure. These are highly performance characteristics would im- puter design, monitoring, and diagnostics.
engineered materials that would be used, prove the overall product performance, Two appendices contain data for short cir-
for example as the fiber-filled polymer would greatly benefit from reading this cuit fault calculations, stress calculations,
composite enclosure for a circuit breaker, book. It can give the reader areas to think and capacitance formulas. The chapter on
or the titanium frame of a bike, or for the about for redesigning their products for insulation design, which would be of in-
high temperature ceramic turbine blade in better performance or new applications not terest to many of our readers, contains in-
a jet engine. These would all have new previously possible because of material formation on winding geometries to reduce
limitations. stress and common practices used to insu-
late HV sections in a transformer, includ-

July/August 2005 — Vol. 21, No. 4 55

 ing drying and degassing techniques. Al- tical aspects of pulling cables, and has a description of gases in general, scattering
though not comprehensive, this chapter convenient listing of the electrical and of molecules at surfaces, sputtering, and
does contain practical information used in physical properties of various cable sizes. descriptions and operation of a wide vari-
industry. I found the chapters on compensation and ety of vacuum pumps. There is one chap-
This book would be of interest to power transformers to be very informative. Com- ter on methods used to measure vacuums,
transformer designers, utility engineers pensation included not only basic calcula- including the typical gauges. There is a
who need to know about the interaction of tions for shunt and series capacitor values good description on partial pressure
the transformer with the power system, and and location, but also discussed their af- gauges, especially a detailed review of the
power engineering students. fect on motor loads. The section on trans- now widely used quadrupole gauge. The
formers has a very good review of various final three chapters deal with examples of
three-phase configurations with vector dia- lab vacuum systems, applications, and con-
grams and lots of drawings, and the effects struction of vacuum components. The ex-
Practical Power Distribution of faults and in-rush current. However, it amples are most useful as they illustrate
was lacking explanations on positive and how to deal with various issues in real
for Industry world vacuum systems such as pumping
by J. de Kock and C. Strauss negative sequencing, thermal consider-
ations, and per-unit calculations. water vapor, pumping through a long nar-
Newnes row pipe, differential pumping, roots
An Imprint of Elsevier Although not very broad in coverage,
this book does give the reader an excellent pumps, and high vacuum systems for coat-
Linacre House, Jordan Hill ings. The applications include some very
Oxford OX2 8DP overview of the more practical aspects of
some medium voltage power distribution interesting descriptions of how recent de-
Phone: 44 (0) 1865 853333 vices operate, including flat panel displays,
In the US components in an electrical system. It
would be best suited for engineers or tech- a brief description of vacuum coating sys-
Elsevier tems, and a number of other scientific and
200 Wheeler Road nicians who may not design these compo-
nents but still need a basic working knowl- industrial applications. Coupled with the
Burlington, MA 01803 references, these applications will give the
Phone: (800) 545-2522 edge about medium voltage systems.
reader many ideas regarding modern
Fax: (800) 568-5136 vacuum systems.
www.newnespress.com This would be an excellent resource for
ISBN# 0-7506-6396-0 Modern Vacuum Systems
engineers and scientists needing to learn
183 pp, - $49.95 (Paperback), 2004 by A. Chambers
the fundamentals of modern vacuum tech-
CRC Press LLC.
nology.
This tutorial style text on power distri- 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd.
bution focuses on the practical application Boca Raton, FL 33431
of medium voltage (1 to 36 kV) power dis- Phone: (800) 272-7737
Fax: (800) 374-3401 Overvoltage Protection of
tribution components. The book provides
concise technical details, accompanied by www.crcpress.com Low Voltage Systems, 2nd
well-written text explaining the details for ISBN# 0-8493-2438-6 Edition
understanding the basic behavior of 353 pp, - $80.96 (Hardcover), 2005 by P. Hasse
switchgear, power cables, transformers, The Institution of Electrical Engineers
power factor correction, grounding, light- There are many measurement systems, Michael Faraday House
ning protection, and network systems in research applications and modern devices Six Hills Way, Stevenage
electrical systems. Readers will gain prac- (flat panel displays, field emitting arrays, Herts. SG1 2AY, United Kingdom
tical technical know-how for becoming CRT tubes, etc.) that use vacuum systems. Phone: 44 (0) 20 7240 1871
knowledgeable in some of the critical fac- This book presents the fundamentals of Fax: 44 (0) 20 7240 7735
tors important in selecting switchgear, vacuum technology along with some mod- http://www.iee.org/publish/books
power cables, power transformers, power ern applications. The book begins by re- ISBN# 0-85296-781-0
factor correction, and calculating short-cir- viewing the fundamentals of vacuum, 364 pp. - £62 / $93 (Hardcover), 2000
cuit currents. However, those already fa- about two-thirds of the book. Although
miliar with medium voltage power distri- these topics (gas physics, surface outgas- Lightning strikes can cause extensive
bution components and operation will find sing, gas flow, and pumping) are nothing damage to buildings and property, espe-
this book too basic. new, the author’s clear and engaging style cially to sensitive electronics, including
For switchgear, basic operation is re- of writing makes this a good book to learn computer networks and other devices con-
viewed as is recent technology (e.g., inter- these concepts. There are lots of illustra- nected to the low voltage power grid. This
nal arc proofing) and advantages and dis- tions and many equations to help in the book illustrates the destructive power of
advantages of different types of technol- design of vacuum systems. Examples of lightning, examines how it causes damage
ogy. The chapter on cables reviews calcu- some design equations include flow to low voltage power systems, and reviews
lations necessary for sizing cables, a de- through long and short pipes and apertures. steps needed to mitigate or prevent light-
scription of various cable types, the prac- Some of the other topics cover molecular ning damage in low power systems. It

56 IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine

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