PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
HEALTH AND WELLNESS
WELLNESS
• Emotional health, and most is the state of
well being
• Basic aspects of wellness include
responsibility; an ultimate goal; a dynamic,
growing process; daily decision making in the
areas of nutrition, stress management,
physical fitness, preventive health care, and
importantly, the whole being of the individual.
7 COMPONENTS OF WELLNES
1. Physical - ability to carry out daily tasks,
achieve fitness (e.g. pulmonary,
cardiovascular, gastrointestinal) maintain
adequate nutrition and proper body fat, avoid
abusing drugs and alcohol or using tobacco
products, and generally practice positive
healthy lifestyle habits.
2. Social - ability to interact successfully with
people and within the environment of which
each person is a part.
3. Emotional - ability to manage stress and to
express emotions appropriately
4. Intellectual - ability to learn and use
information effectively for personal, family,
and career development
5. Spiritual - belief in some force (nature,
science, religion, or a higher power) that
serves to unite human beings and provide
meaning and purpose to life. It includes a
person’s own morals, values, and ethics.
6. Occupational - ability to achieve a balance
between work and leisure time. A person’s
belief about education, employment, and
home influence personal satisfaction and
relationship with others.
7. Environmental - ability to promote health
measures that improve the standard of living
and the quality of life in the community.
CONCEPT: HEALTH AS A MULTIFACTORIAL
PHENOMENON
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
o Income and social status
o Education
o Physical environment
o Employment
o Social support network
o Culture
o Genetics
o Personal behavior
o Health services
o Gender
FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH
1. POLITICAL FACTORS
➢ This refers to one’s leadership, how he rules,
manages and how other people concerned
are followed to actively participate in the
decision- making process.
➢ Influence the social climate in which people
live.
➢ Political jurisdiction has the power and
authority to regulate the environment.
➢ Increase of crimes and lack of safety in
streets and even in the home are major
concerns of society.
➢ Oppression in various classes of society
affects health.
RELATED CONCEPT INCLUDE:
A. Political will
- The determination to pursue something that
is I the interest of the majority
B. Empowerment
- The ability of the person to do something; it
involves creating the circumstances where
people can use their faculties and abilities at
the maximum level in the pursuit of common
goals.
C. Safety
D. Oppression
2. ECONOMIC FACTORS
➢ This refers to the production, distribution, and
consumption of goods and services and how
these affect health and development.
➢ A study of this factor leads one to look into
economic factor influence how, and at what
point, the client enters the health care
system.
3. SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTOR
➢ Social and cultural variables influence a
client’s health practices, the dynamics of
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health care, and the client-care provider g

relationship.
➢ Habits/ practices
➢ Mores – traditional rules and customs of a
group of people or a society
➢ Ethnic customs and traditions.

4. ENVIRONMENT
➢ This refers to the sum total of all the
conditions and elements that make up the
surroundings and influence the health and
health practices of clients.
➢ The environment with which the client lives
and works either promote and maintain
health or increase the like hood of illness or
even death.
➢ The menace of pollution has been growing
over the years and has greatly affected the
health of the people.
EXAMPLE OF THESE ARE:
A. Communicable diseases due to poor
sanitation, poor garbage collection, smoking,
air pollution and utilization of chemicals such
as pesticides.
B. Cutting of trees has brought about floods and
drought.
If the quality of air that we breathe continues to
deteriorate, life cannot be sustain.
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE AS AN APPROACH
TO DELIVERY OF HEALTTHCARE SERVICES
➢ WHO defines PHC as essential health care
made universal accessible to individuals and
families in the community by means
acceptable to the through their full
participation and at a cost that the community
and the country can afford at every stage of
development
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
A. Health is a fundamental human right
B. Health is both an individual and collective
responsibility
C. Helath should be an equal oppurtunity to all
D. Health is an essential element of socio-
economic development

C. Uncontrolled dumping of organic wastes,

detergents, and pesticides including
industrial wastes. TRANSLATE INTO ACTION, THE PHC
APPROACH FOCUSES ON

Partnership with the community

5. HEREDITY Equitable distribution of health resources
➢ Genetic endowment Organized and appropriate health system
➢ Understanding of genetically influenced infrastructure
diseases is increased through knowledge Prevention of disease and promotion of
about the process by which genetic traits are health is focus
transmitted. Linked multisectorally
➢ New opportunities for preventive health care Emphasis on appropriate technology
are also produced
➢ Early knowledge of the genetic risks makes
it possible to anticipate and counteract
• PHC goal (1978): health for all by the year
genetic outcomes.
2000
➢ Which enables the medical team to prepare
• PHC was declared in Alma- ata, USSR
for necessary therapeutic intervention
during the first international conference on
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PHC held on sdeptember 6-12, 1927 through
sponsorship of WHO and UNICEF
LEGAL BASIS
➢ Letter ofninstruction 949 signed by psident
fedinand maco on october 19, 1979 and has
an underlying theme of “health in the hands
of the people by 2020”
5A’s OF HEALTH CARE ACCORDING TO
PHC
1. Available
2. Accessible
3. Affordable
4. Acceptable
5. Attainable
HISTORY OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
➢ MAY 1997 - the 30th world health assembly
adopted resolution decided that the main
social target of governments and of WHO
shoul be the attainmet of all the people of the
world by the year 2000 a level of health that
will permit them to lead a socially and
economically productive life.
➢ SEPTEMBER 12, 1978 - International
conference of primary health care was held
in this year at alma ata. USSR. The
econference came up with what is known
popularly as the alam ata declaration, which
represents a global ideal, a new vision about
how to achieve world health. The declaration
stated the primary health card is the key to
attaining the health for all goal.
➢ 1979 - The world health assembly launched
the global strategy for health for all
➢ OCTOBER 19, 1979 - the president of the
philippines issued a letter of instruction 949
which mandated the then ministry of health
to adoptprmary health care as an appoach
towards design, development, and
omplementation of programs, which focus
health development at the community level
ELEMENTS OF PHC
1. Control of communicable disease
2. Health education
3. Expanded program on immunization
4. Locally endemic disease treatment
5. Environmental sanitation
6. Maternal and child health and family
planning
7. Essential drug provision
8. Nutrition and adequate food and
provision
9. Treatment of emergency cases nd
provision of medical care
STRATEGIES OF PHC
1. Reorientation and reorganization of the
national health care system in support of the
mandate of devolution under the local
government code of 1991
2. Effective preparation and enabling process
for health actions ata ll levels.
3. Mobilization of the people
4. Development and utilization of appropriate
technology
5. Organization of communities from expressed
needs
6. Increase oppurtunities for community
participation
7. Development of intra-sectoral linkages
8. Emphasize partnership between health
workers and community leaders/members
FOUR CORNERSTONES/ PILLARS IN PHC
1. Active community participation
2. Intra and inter- sectoral linkages
3. Use of apropriate technologies
4. Support mechanism made available
2 LEVELS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
WORKERS
1. Village or barangay health workers
2. Intermediate level health workers
LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE
1. Primary level of care - is devoted to the
cities and municipalities (town or
poblacion).
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• Health care are provided by center

physicians, public health nurses, rural
health stations and rural health units. LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE
• The primary health facility is usually the 1. Promotive- behavior motivated by the desire
first contact between the community to increase well being and actualize human
members and the other levels of health health potential
care facility. 2. Preventive- avoiding the development of
2. Secondary level of care - is given by disease in the future
physician with basic health training. 3. Creative
• This usually given in health facilities ➢ A course of treatment, use of drug or another
either privately owned or government method used to treat a medical problem
operated such as the infirmaries, 4. Rehabilitative
municipal and district hopitals and out ➢ Health restoration of ill or injured person to
patient departments of provincial optimum and functional levels of wellness.
hospitals.
• This serves as a referral center for the
primary health facilities
LEVELS OF PREVENTION
• They are capable of performing minor
surgeries and perform some simple 1. PRIMARY PREVENTION
laboratory examinations.
3. Tertiary level of care - is rendered by Goal: to promote positive general health through:
specialists in health facilities invcluding
A. Development of good health habits &
medical as well as regional and provincial
hygiene
hospitals, and specialized hospitals such
B. Proper attitude towards sickness
as the Philippine Heart Center.
C. Proper & prompt utilization of available
• The tertiary health facility is the referral
health and medical facilities
center for the secondary care facillities
• Complicated cases and intensive care EXAMPLES ARE:
requires tertiary care and all these can be
provided by the tertiary care facility o Quit smoking
o Avoid/limit alcohol intake
o Exrcise regularly
o Eat a well-balanced diet
HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM
o Reduce fat and increase fiber in diet
DESCRIBED natinal health
services o Take adequate fluids
medical centers
teaching an
training hospitals
o Avoid over exposure to sunlight
regional health services o Maintain ideal body weight (IBW)
regional medical
centers o Complete immunization program wear
and training hospitals
hazard devices in work site
provincial/ city health services
provincial/ city hospitals
SPECIFIC PROTECTION:
emergency/ district hospitals
➢ Use of measure against specific disease
agents like protection of the individual, or the
rural health unit
community hospitals and health centers
establishment of barriers against in the
private practitioners/ puericulture centers
environment.

barangay health sectos IT MAY INCLUDE:

PINK & RED - PRIMARY
A. Control of means of spread of vector control,
ORANGE & YELLOW - SECONDARY sanitation of food, milk, water and air, proper
sewage disposal, proper disposal and/or
BLUE AND GREEN - TERTIARY
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disinfections of soiled articles or clothing, ➢ Begins early in the period of recovery from
eradication of animal resevoir. illness

HANDWASHING - WHEN? Goal: minimized residual disability; help client to

be productive even with given limitations
- After removing gloves
- Before and after patient contact ➢ Appropriate administration of medication to
- After contact with blood or body fluids from optimize therapeutic effects
any patient ➢ Moving and positioning to prevent
- After taking blood pressure or vital signs from complications of immobility
any patient ➢ Active and passive range of motion (ROM)
exrcises to prevent disability
OTHER TIMES: ➢ Intensive & periodic follow up and treatment
• This is done to prevent relapses in certain
- After using bathroom
diseases: to efect complete cure in disease
- After blowing or wiping nose
which have relapse tendency
- Before eating

2. SECONDARY PREVENTION

Goal: early diagnosis and prompt treatment of

disease to arrest disease or prevent the spread
disease to other people.

EXAMPLES:

✓ Public education to promote breast self-

examination, use of home kits for detection
of occult blood in the stool specimens and
familiarity with the seven(7) cancer signs.
✓ Screening programs for hypertension,
diabetes, uterine cancer ( pap smear), breast
cancer, glaucoma, and STD

C - Change in bowel or bladder habits

A - a sore that does not heal

U - unsual bleeding or discharge

T - thickening or lumo in breast or elsewhere

I - indigestion or difficulty swallowing

O -obvious change in wart or mole

N - nagging cough or hoarseness

U - unexplaned anemia

S - sudden unexplained weight loss

3. TERTIARY PREVENTION