CPHM
COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION AND HEALTH/ HEALTH
PROGRAMS IN THE PHILIPPINES
COMMUNITY HEALTH/ PUBLIC HEALTH- The science of
preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting
health and efficiency through organize community
effort.
A. ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION
B. CONTROL OF COMMUNITY INFECTION
(COMMUNICABLE DISEASE)
C. EDUCATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN PRINCIPLE OF
PERSONAL HYGIENES
D. ORGANIZATION OF MEDICAL AND NURGING
SERVICES FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTIVE
TREATMENT OF DISEASES.
E. DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL MACHINERY WHICH WILL
ENSURE EVERYONE AS STANDARD LIVING ADEQUATE
FOR MAINTENANCE OF LIFE.
COMMUNITY HEALTH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
A. Environmental sanitation
B. Control of Community infection (Communicable
Disease)
C. Education of the individual in principles of personal
hygiene
D. Organization of Medical and nursing services for
early diagnosis and preventive treatment of diseases
E. Development of social machinery which will ensure
everyone as standard living adequate for maintenance
of life
TWO BROAD AREAS OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
1. PUBLIC HEALTH- includes programs and activities
directed at community level and will benefit everyone
or individuals who are not currently under the care of
physician.
2. RISK FACTOR EVALUATION- includes programs and
activities directed at individuals who are currently under
the care of physician who evaluates them for high-risk
factors that can cause disease, educate them about
good habits and screens them for appropriate
conditions.
HEALTH- A status of complete physical, mental and
social well being and not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity regarded as person’s physical and
psychological capacity to establish and maintain
balance.
ASPECTS OF HEALTH
A.PHYSICAL HEALTH- refers to condition which enables
a person to maintain a strong and healthy body.
B. MENTAL HEALTH- refers to how a person thinks of
himself, control his emotions and adjust to
environment.
C. SOCIAL HEALTH- refers to ways a person feels, think
and acts towards everybody around him.
Health or disease is expressions of the success or failure
of a person to respond adaptively to environmental
challenges.
• HEALTH- successful defense of the host against forces
landing to disturb body equilibrium.
• DISEASE- failure of the body defense mechanism to
cope with forces tending to disturb body equilibrium.
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
1. Income and social status- higher income and social
status are linked to better health.
2. Education- low education levels are linked with poor
health, more stress and lower self confidence.
3. Physical Environment- safe water and clean air,
healthy workplace, safe houses, communities and roads
all contribute to good health.
4. Employment and Working Conditions- people in
employment are healthier, particularly those who have
more control over their working conditions.
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5. Social Support Networks- greater support from FOUR CORNERSTONES / PILLARS IN PHC
families, friends and communities is linked to a better
health 1. Active community participation

6. Culture- customs, traditions and the beliefs of the
family and community all affect the health.
7. Genetics- inheritance plays a part in determining
lifespan, healthiness and the likelihood of developing
certain illness.
2. Intra and inter-sectoral linkages
3. Use of appropriate technology
4. Support mechanism made available
LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE AND REFERRAL SYSTEM

8. Personal Behavior and Coping Skills- balanced

eating, keeping active, smoking, drinking and how to
deal with life’s stresses and challenges all affect health.

9. Health Services- access and use of services that

prevent and treat disease influence health.

10. Gender- men and women suffer from different

types of diseases at different ages.

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE (PHC) AS AN APPROACH TO

DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE SERVICES

- WHO defines PHC as essential health care made

universally accessible to individuals and families in the
community by means acceptable to them through their
full participation and at a cost that the community and LEVEL OF HEALTH CARE AND FACILITIES
country can afford at every stage of development.
1. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES- rural health
ELEMENTS / COMPONENTS OF PHC units, their sub-centers, chest clinics, malaria
eradication units, and schistosomiasis control units;
1. Environmental Sanitation puericulture centers, tuberculosis clinics, private clinics,
clinics operated by large industrial firms, community
2. Control of Communicable Disease
hospitals, health centers and other health facilities.
3. Immunization
2. SECONDARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES- non-
4. Health Education departmentalized hospitals including emergency and
regional hospitals.
5. MCH and Family Planning
3. TERTIARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES- medical centers
6. Adequate Food and Proper Nutrition and large hospitals.

7. Provision of Medical Care and Emergency Treatment THREE LEVELS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE WORKERS

8. Treatment of Locally Endemic Diseases A. VILLAGE OR GRASSROOT HEALTH WORKERS

9. Provision of Essential Drugs ▪ first contacts ▪ socio-economic

▪ Curative and preventive

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➢ Community health workers, volunteers or traditional
birth attendance
B. INTERMEDIATE LEVEL HEALTH WORKERS
▪ First source
▪ provide support
▪ attends to health problems
➢ Medical practitioners, nurses and midwives
C. FIRST LINE HOSPITAL PERSONNEL
▪ establish close contact
▪ Backup health services
➢ Physicians with specialty, nurses, dentist,
pharmacists, other health professionals
1. PRIMARY LEVEL OF CARE- It is health care provided
by center physicians, public health nurse, rural
midwives, barangay health workers, traditional healers
and others at the barangay health stations and rural
health units.
• First contact between the community members and
the other levels of health facility.
2. SECONDARY LEVEL OF CARE- Given by physicians
with basic health training. It is usually given in health
facilities privately owned or government operated such
as infirmaries, municipal and district hospital and out-
patient departments of provincial hospitals.
• This serves as the referral center for the primary
health facilities.
• Secondary facilities are capable of performing minor
surgeries and perform some simple laboratory
examinations.
3. TERTIARY LEVEL OF CARE- Tertiary care is rendered
by specialist in health facilities including medical centers
as well as regional and provincial hospitals and
specialized hospitals.
• Complicated cases and intensive care requires tertiary
care and all these can be provided by the tertiary care
facility.
CONCEPT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
• Working together to help people help themselves, not
merely to survive but also achieves the maximum
potential.
FOUR PRIORITIES IN PUBLIC HEALTH
1. Survival of Man
2. Prevention of condition which lead to destruction or
retardation of human function and potential in the
years of life.
3. Achievement of human potential and prevention of
the loss of productivity of young adults and those on
the middle period of life.
4. Improvement of the quality of life, especially in the
later years.
STRUCTURE OF THE PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE
DELIVERY SYSTEM
HEALTH RESOURCES
• Rural Health Unit (RHU) and their sub- centers
• Chest clinics, Malaria Eradication Units and
Schistosomiasis Control Unit
• Tuberculosis clinics and Hospitals of the PTBs
• Private Clinics
• Clinics run by PMA
• Community Hospitals and Health services Centers run
by Philippine Medical Care Commission (PMCC)
• Voluntary Health Facilities run by religious and civic
groups.
THREE DIVISIONS OF HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM
1. Government
2. Mixed Sectors 3. Private Sectors
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GOVERNMENT

• The primary government agency in the field of health

runs the bulk of the government health facilities is the
Department of Health.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE DOH

• Ensuring access to basic health services to all Filipinos

through the provision of quality health care.

• Formulation and development of national health

policies, guidelines, standards and manual operation for
health services and programs.

• Issuance of rules and regulations, licenses and

accreditation.

• Promulgation of the national standards, goals,

priorities and indicators.

• Development of special health programs and projects.

MIXED SECTORS

• PTS- Philippine Tuberculosis society

• PCS- Philippine Cancer Society

• PNRC- Philippine National Red Cross

• PMHA- Philippine Mental Health Association

• PHA- Philippine Heart Association