DEFINITION OF TERMS  To prolong life by providing need based, well
balanced comprehensive health care services to
Community
 Community: A group of people who share
common interests, who interact with each other,
and who function collectively within a defined
social structure to address common concerns.
Health
 Health: Is state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity (WHO).
Nursing
 Nursing: encompasses autonomous and
collaborative care of individuals of all ages,
families, groups and communities, sick or well
and in all setting. Nursing includes the promotion
of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill,
disabled, and dying people. Advocacy, promotion
of a safe environment, research, participation in
shaping health policy and in patient and health
systems management, and education are also
key nursing roles (ICN, 2002).
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
 Special field of nursing that combines the skills of
nursing, public health and some phases of social
assistance and functions as part of the total
public health program for the promotion of health,
the improvement of the conditions in the social
and physical environment, rehabilitation of illness
and disability (WHO Expert Committee of
Nursing)
 According to American Nursing Association
"Community health nursing is a
synthesis of nursing practice and public health
practice applied in promoting and preserving the
health of populations, the nature of this practice
is general and comprehensive, it is not limited to
a particular age or diagnostic group. It is
continuous and not episodic. The dominant
responsibility is to the population as a whole"
THREE TYPES OF COMMUNITIES
1. Geographic = city, town, neighborhood
2. Common-interest = church, professional
organization, people with mastectomies
3. Community of solution = group of people who
come together to solve a problem that affects all
of them.
AIMS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
 To promote health and efficiency
 To prevent and control diseases and disabilities.
community at large through organized community
efforts.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To increase the capability of community to deal
with their own health problems.
2. To strengthen community resources
3. To control and counteract environment
4. To prevent and control communicable and
5. non- communicable diseases
6. To provide specialized services
7. To conduct research
8. To prepare health personnel
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
1. Recognized needs and functioning within the
total health programmed.
2. Clearly defined objectives and purposes for its
services
3. An active organized citizens group of the
community group is an integral part of the
community health programmed.
4. Community health nursing services are available
to the entire community
5. Community health nursing recognized the family
and community as units of service.
6. Health education and counseling for the
individual, family and community are the integral
part of community health nursing.
7. Participation in planning relating to goals for the
attainment of health.
8. The community health nurse should qualify as a
full-fledged nurse.
9. Based on the needs of the patient and there
should be proper continuity of services to
patients.
10. Periodic and continuous appraisal and evaluation
of health situation
11. The community health nurse should
function/serve as an important member of the
health team.
12. There should be provision for qualified nurse to
make supervision for community health services.
13. The community health nurse directs the patient to
appropriate community resources for necessary
financial and social assistance.
14. Should not accept gifts or bribes from the
patients
15. The community health nurse should not belong to
one particular section or political group.
16. Community health agency should provide a
continuing education programme for nurse
17. The nurses assume responsibilities of their own
continuing professional development through
acquiring higher and higher education and
 forming and strengthening the professional
associations
18. The community health nursing services should
develop proper guidelines, in maintaining records
and reports.
19. There should be proper facilities and job
conditions.
20. The community health nurse should maintain
professional relationship with all leaders in the
community and maintain ethics at all times.
FUNCTION OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
1. Home visiting.
2. Running child welfare clinic.
3. Running family planning clinic or assisting.
4. Assist in running ANC and PNC. (Antenatal clinic,
Postnatal clinics)
5. Conducts school health services. 6. Carries out
or assist the PHN (Public health nurse) in
inspection of day care centers.
6. Collection of information or data from community.
7. Health education.
8. Record keeping.
THE MISSION OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING:
3. Treatment of Disorders
 The primary mission of community health nursing
is improving the overall health of the population
through health promotion, illness prevention, and
protection of the public from a wide variety of
biological, behavioral, social and environmental
threats.
 "Promote the good life “in all of its physical,
social, psychological, cultural, and economic
aspects"
COMPONENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH PRACTICE
 Community health practice can be best
4. Rehabilitation
understood by examining six basic components,
which, when combined, encompass its services
and programs.
These components are:
1. Promotion of health.
 Includes all efforts that seek to move people
closer to optimal wellbeing or higher levels of
wellness
5. Evaluation
The goal of health promotion:
 Is to enable people to exercise control
over their well-being and ultimately
improve their health.
6. Research
 Is to raise levels of wellness for
individuals, families, populations, and
communities.
2. Prevention of health problems.
 Prevention of health problems constitutes a
major part of community health practice.
 Prevention means: Anticipating and averting
problems or discovering them as early as
possible to minimize potential disability and
impairment.
Three Levels of prevention:
1. Primary prevention: Action taken prior to
the occurrence of health problems and
directed toward avoiding their occurrence.
Primary prevention includes health
promotion, health protection, and illness
prevention.
2. Secondary prevention: The early
identification and treatment of existing
health problems.
3. Tertiary prevention: Activity aimed at
returning the client to the highest level of
function and preventing further
deterioration in health.
 It focuses on the illness end of the continuum
and is the remedial aspect of community
health practice.
This occurs by three methods:
1. Direct service to people with health
problem.
2. Indirect service that helps people to
obtain treatment.
3. Development programs to correct
unhealthy conditions.
 The fourth component of community health
practice, involves efforts to reduce disability
and, as much as possible, restore function
 People whose handicaps are congenital or
acquired through illness or accident e.g:.
Stroke, Heart condition, Amputation, Mental
illness.
 The process by which that practices is
analyzed, judged, and improved according to
established goals and standards.
 Is systematic investigation to discover facts
affecting community health and community
health practice, solve problems, and explore
improved methods of health services
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING ROLES C. Population-oriented Roles
A. Client-oriented roles 1. Case Finder
B. Delivery-oriented roles  Identifies clients with specific health
C. Population-oriented roles problems or conditions
 Geared toward awareness of population-level
A. Client-oriented Roles
problems
1. Caregiver 2. Leader
 Uses the nursing process to provide direct  Influences clients and others to take action
nursing intervention to individuals, families, regarding identified health problems
or population Groups 3. Change Agent
2. Educator  Initiates and facilitates change in individual or
 Facilitates learning for positive health client behaviors or conditions or those
behavior change affecting population groups
3. Counselor 4. Community Developer
 Teaches and assists clients in the use of the  Mobilizes residents and other segments of
problem solving process the population to take action regarding
4. Referral Resource identified community health problems or
 Links clients to services to meet identified issues
health needs 5. Coalition Builder
5. Role Model  Promotes the development and maintenance
 Demonstrates desired health-related of alliances of individuals or groups of people
behaviors to address a specific health issue
6. Advocate 6. Researcher
 Speaks or acts on behalf of clients who  Conducts studies to explain health related
cannot do so for themselves phenomena and to evaluate the
7. Primary Care Provider effectiveness of interventions to control them.
 Provides essential health services to promote
health, prevent illness, and deal with existing
DEFINITION OF TERMS
health problems
8. Case Manager Family: Two or more individuals coming from the same or
 Coordinates and directs the selection and different kinship groups who are involved in a continuous
use of health care services to meet client living arrangement, usually residing in the same
needs, maximize resource utilization, and household, experiencing common emotional bonds, and
minimize the expense of care. sharing certain obligations toward each other and toward
B. Delivery-oriented Roles others,

1. Coordinator/Care Manager Family health: A condition including the promotion and

 Organizes and integrates services to best
meet client needs in the most efficient
manner possible
2. Collaborator
 Engages in shared decision making
regarding the nature of health problems and
potential solutions to them
3. Liaison
 Provides and maintains connections and
communication between clients and health
care providers or among providers
maintenance of physical, mental, spiritual, and social
health for the family unit and for individual family
members.
FAMILY CENTERED NURSING APPROACH
 The four approaches included in the family
health nursing care views are:
1. Family as the context
2. Family as the client
3. Family as a system
4. Family as a component of society
FAMILY HEALTH NURSING PROCESS
 Family health nursing process is an orderly,
systematic steps to assess the health needs,
plan, implement and evaluate the services to
achieve the health. It is the systematic steps to
analyze health problems and their solutions. It
helps in achieving desire goals of health
promotion, prevention and control of health
problems,

ELEMENTS OF FAMILY NURSING PROCESS

a) Assessment of client's problem
b) Diagnosis of client response needs that nurse
can deal with
c) Planning of client's care
d) Implementation of care
e) Evaluation of the success of implemented care
ASSESSMENT OF FAMILIES
1. Assessment of environmental condition
2. Health status assessment
3. Family health practices
4. Family lifestyle
FAMILY CARE PLAN
THE NURSING CARE PLAN
 The family care plan
 Family care plan is the blueprint of the care
that the nurse designs to systematically
minimize or eliminate the identified health
and family nursing problems through
explicitly formulated outcomes of care (goals
and objectives) and deliberately chosen of
interventions, resources and evaluation
criteria, standards, methods and tools. 

 Qualities of a nursing care plan

 It should be based on clear, explicit definition
of the problems. A good nursing plan is
based on a comprehensive analysis of the
problem situation.
 A good plan is realistic.
 The nursing care plan is prepared jointly with
the family. The nurse involves the family in
determining health needs and problems, in
establishing priorities, in selecting
appropriate courses of action. implementing
them and evaluating outcomes. The nursing
care plan is most useful in written form.