REPUBLIC OF RWANDA

ULK POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

P.O Box 2280
Website://www.ulkpolytechnic.ac.rw
E-mail: polytechnic.institute@ulk.ac.rw
Cours : EPU
Y2/ELT/D, 201850189

Answers of assignment N°3

Q1) The two main categories of welding process are:

Fusion welding process and non-fusion welding process

Q2) The effect of Arc length in electric welding is:

In metal arc welding, a fairly short arc length is necessary for getting good
welds. Short arc length permits the heat to be concentrated on the work piece,
is more stable because effect of magnetic blow is reduced and the vapors from
the arc surround the electrode metal and the molten pool thereby preventing
air from destroying the weld metal.
When arc length is long large amount of heat is lost into the surrounding area
thus preventing good penetration and fusion; arc flame is very unstable since
effect of magnetic blow is increased. Hence, arc flame will have a tendency to
blow out; air is able to reach the molten globule of metal as it passes from the
electrode to the weld and weld pool.
It leads to the contamination of the weld due to absorption of oxygen and
nitrogen weld deposits have low strength, poor ductility, high porosity, poor
fusion and excessive spatter.
The length of arc required for welding will depend on the kind of electrode
used, its coating, its diameter, position of welding and the amount of current
used. Usually, shorter arc length are necessary for vertical, horizontal and
overhead welding than for flat welding.
In summarize , as arc length increases, the arc cone becomes wider and
the arc is broader. The result is a weld bead that is wider and flatter and
the level of weld penetration may increase very slightly

Q3) The advantages of coated electrodes are:

It stabilizes the arc because it contains ionizing agents such as compounds of

sodium and potassium.
It fluxes away impurities present on the surface being welded.
It adds certain materials to the weld metal to compensate for the loss of any
volatile alloying elements or constituents lost by oxidization.
It speeds up the welding operation by increasing the rate of melting.
It prevents the sputtering of metal during welding.

Q4)
SOLUTION
Given
Mass of brass = 500kg
Hour = 45minutes
Specific heat of brass= 0.094
1. Latent heat of fusion of brass  = 30 Kilocal/Kg
2. Melting point of brass               = 920 degree  Celsius
3. Furnace efficiency                       =  60%
4. The Temperature of the cold charge may be taken as 20 degrees
Celsius 2- 
Asked
Power input = ?
Formula and calcul
Heat required to melt 500kg of brass = 500kg x 30 kcal/k = 15000 kcal
Heat required to raise temperature of brass from 20°C to 920°C:
500kg x 0.O94kcal/kg x (920-20) °C = 42300 kcal
Total heat required = 15000kcal + 42300kcal = 57300 kcal
Heat required by hour = 57300 kcal x 6O/45 = 76400 kcal
Power delivered to brass = 76400 kcal / 860 = 88.83 kw
Power input must be = power output/efficiency = 88.83/0.6 = 148.06 kw