ATTACHMENT A ~2009 AGENDA ITEMS -T-5 WAL) (REVISION 1) FINAL DRAFT[LRFD GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1—GENERAL. 1iseare U2 -MANUBACTURER-DESIGNED serais 1S CCOLLISION MITIGATION 2“ puaLosoeny. SCLoaDs 3 I-PEDESTRIAN LOADING () 32 —ntacentoaD (4) 5 SCEQUESTRIANLOAD(L) 3S WINDLOAD WS). SSCRATIGUELOAD a} 3 G-APPLICATION OF LOADS 3 —eosmnatton OF LOADS peered 2c amacrine ‘S—erurenens SCeraaaar maaan mcs TH Lateal rane Design Fic, 112Tep Chor Sai 711 3—Altereaie Analysis Procedures 12 STREL Twok LCIRDER AND SINGLE TUB GiRbER STEMS 721 —Genea 12.2Lateal Torsional Bucking Reitance Twas Ger. 72.3 Latera-Tersonal Bucking Resistance Singly Symaetie Secon ‘82 STISL HSS wneRs B21 Gene. $23 Tubular ractire Creal Memos {FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER (FRP) MEMBERS REFERENCESLap cum SrrcmeaTions von MHEDESION OF PADESTEA 1-GENERAL 1a-score, “These Guide Specifications ade the design and ‘onstruction of typical pedesian bigges Which ae ‘deigned fon, and ioended to cay, pipasly podesuims, bigest, equestian Ades aad) ight Tattenance veces, bt at esgned and iene ‘zy (pial highvay uate Pedesuian badges Wilk ‘abe Sipps or atypical sructual systems ae aot special adeesed. “These Guide Specifictions provide addtional faudance onthe design and conseucuon of pedestian Ubidge in sopplemeat ota avaable sa the AASHTO LRED Bridge Design Specicains (AASHTO LRED, ‘Only those tssues requsing addonal or decent ‘eeauneat due tothe aaure of pedestian bidges abd thew loadings ae addeesed. Tn Aracle 3 of hs docunent the Toad deiiuons and abbreviations are tulea ftom AASHTO RFD. Nhuinus aod wood rues ue adequately coved ip AASHTO LRFD, and ussuch ae aot specially assed be leudig provisions segue slerence to the AASHTO. Standard Spectations or Stctral Supports for Uigway “Signs, Laminates and. Trafte Signals (AASIITO Sins. 1.2 MANUFACTURER-DESIGNED SYSTEMS Where manufactre-designed systems ce wed for edestian brie crossing, the engine responsible Tor te devign of the sytem shall about sealed ‘aleulatons prepared by a heened Profersonal Tingner for that tem, 1.4 COLLISION MITIGATION AASIITO. ERED Asicle 2.332 species an inerneed verteal clearance for podsssan bres 10 Re higher thn for highway bridge, hordes mitgse the rick fom vehicle colons with the speretie ‘Should the owner éescea8aional maigaton, the ‘iowieg pepe mer bc ex: aa This edition of the Guide Specifications wie Aeveloped tom the previous Allowable Suess Design (ASD) and Load Faior Design (LFD\-base, edition (astro 1997). Aa evaluation of avulable foreign ‘peviteaions coveung pedesan begs. and tate iavesigaion sepors aswell as esearch sls cated to the bebavioe aad pecfonmance of pedestuan dyer wis peviormed during the development of the LRED Goide Speeiewions ca eis import to cleat dines the responses each party when propectny bile yieay ae ed, All poruone othe desgn mist Be supported by sled faletlatons, wheter from the Bridge anutatter, of the speciving engine. The interface between the proprisary sytem andthe projectipecie peruse a foundations ness eax tension cus in moe cases sneeasing veal clearnce isthe ros cor eteeive method of ak mitigationLavy cue Srrcmearionevon Mansion or rapesTnANmDeRs + nereming the ‘pereace eral resistance of the 2-pumLosorny Pedestian bridges shall be designed for specified limit state to achieve the objectives of sey sevceailty, tending comfon oft pedestian set (vibration), snd contrtaly with doe separa 10 este of soepectbiity, economy, and secbete, ae speci ip the AASHTO LRFD. Taese Gide Spreifemions are Based on the LRED philosophy ‘Mixing provisions ftom specications ote than thse referenced bein, even If LRED based sould be boiged s-Loaps SA_PEDESTRIAN LOADING (PL) edestian ries sal be signed for «wir pedesran loading of 90 psf. Thi loading sll be paterned © produce the maximum loed effet, Considersion ‘of dypanic load allowance is aot eqused wit is loading oa This ate modes the pedestian loading rowsions of the Four ation of AASHTO LAPD. Uoogh the 2009 Iaerim The previous edon ofthese ‘Gude Speiicatons wed a base aosutal loading of 85 ‘st reduce to 63 pst based on iaueee ea for he Dodestian load Wik the LFD load ators. hs resus Faced loads of 21185) = 64 pot and 21165) = ‘The Fouth Eon of AASHTO LRED speci & fenstat 8S ps segadiss of nuene tea, Maluping by the ad fete ts resus 1 79°68) = 149 put Ts fal wii th range ofthe previous factored Loading. {bit toward the lower end Eiopeas codes appear (art wih higher aominal loud (apron 10S pu) but thw lo redactions bused leaded length Additionally, the load fair ape is 1S, sealing i a mati factored loud of (13 )08 156 pet For a long loaded length, tis load cas be reduced i as ow a 80 pt, reslng ta factored loud of (15)80-=5 pot The eet of rensanee factors bs not teen accoooted for in the shove diacuson of the length may aot be appropiate or seactues hel to see Sigliean crowd loading. uth at bdger ner stad Consideration might be given to the maxim ‘credible pedevteian Iatting Thoe tea physical Leuton.omiastion with load factor of 175 resus lading of 158 pst which provides marginal, but sun reseovecongaredwith he maxima credible load of 150 Be Figure C2 Live Landa 10 patS2_VEHICLELOAD (LL) Where vehicular acess it not prevented by permanen: psi! methods, destin bigs shall be ‘Sesgned for 4 maintenance vehicle lad speciied Figure 1 and Table Tr for the Seagh {Load Combiation unless eterwise specie bythe Over ‘Asngle auc shall be placed to prduce the maxim, Toad eects ad shall aot be placed i combos wi the peéesuan load. The dysanie load allowance ‘ed ot be considered forts loading “Table 32-1—Design Vehicle Teo ee iS Over Hee ana p aE oe S.A EQUESTRIAN LOAD (LL) Decks intended o cary equestrian lading tl be designed fora pte load of 1.00 ap overs eae tea Inesrng 4D ches on «ie esa ‘The veel loading specified are equivalent co the Hanes shown ia Aricle 3.61.6 of AASHTO LRED 2009 Iierim sa contained i previous versione ofthe AASHTO Standard Specfeations for Highway Bridge, eas ‘The eqasetian load ie ive Toa and intended ¢o caste acoqate puehing shear capac” of pedestian bridge docks where hares are expected The onding We Geied ow bet pumas coments puts ieLap cum SrrcmeaTions von MHEDESION OF PADESTEA SA WIND LOAD (WS) destin bridges shall be designed for win onde 4s specified in the AASHTO Sins, Arles 38 and 39 nese otherwise tected by the Owner, the Wind Iporance Factor. I shal be taken as 113. The Toadng shall be applied over the exposed aea in fost lovato incloding eacosues. Wind load 0b signs ‘sppoted by the pedestian age sal be nluded im adaiuon to the wiad load speciod above, « ‘vent upit ie loa as speciied in AASHTO LRED ‘Aricle 342 aad deteruned asthe fore eased by lessue of 0.020 bf over the fll deck wit, sall be Tppled conceal. Ths loading shall be applied a ‘he windward ques point ofthe deck wih |3S-FATIGUE LOAD (LL) ‘The fatigue loading used for the fague and trace hut sate (Fatigue 1) all be ay speed Seeion 11 of the AASHTO Siger ‘The Natural Wind (Gun specied ip Arle 1173 andthe Trukcledueed ‘Gust speciied in Article 1124 of tat specication eed ony be eondeed appropiate |4-APPLICATION OF LoaDs ‘When determining the applistion of the pedestrian live losing which mamizes or minimire the load tect on piven member, the leat dimension of fe Toaded ares shal be prese thn equal 20 7 |37—COMBINATION OF LOADS. “The types of bridges deniieg i Arce 1. call, ‘be designed for the lad combinations and load facore speiied AASHTO LRFD Table 341-1, with te iewieg cpt: ct ‘The wind loading is cakea fom AASHTO Signs ‘pectcaton rater th rom AASHTO LRED de othe poteatilyfeile nar of pedestian bridges, and also fie to the potential for wate nga tobe movated op them, as Wind loude ase aot put of the Fatigue 1 lo fombisaon for vehicular badges Tas ale Stsigeats wind a ive load for peestian bridges, ia the designation LL. Wiad shouldbe considered fatigue lve load for pedestan bridges Nae the podestan lve loud nor the mauntenance ehieleloed wed for szengh and serviceability is ‘propriate as lagu devgn loading doe to the very inequen sete of ts loading. The fatigue lading ‘pecied i consol with he teatment of gn supper loadings spcied i AASHTO Signe ae ao ppiable 0 pedestrian badger du to thi decreared neepobty © Frlloping or vortex shedding vibatone. oe “The dimension piven sx meant to represents snge bine of podesnane any with lee than thir woul not represent prateal nang sone. car Load combination Strength IL is mean for spe permit treks, which ie aot applicable to pedestrian Iridges. Strength I ifr dead Ind domino! svete pale tenn he treme cd weed aot thd age teLap cum SrrcmeaTions von MHEDESION OF PADESTEA Whete main gravity Jad eanying elements also orm pat ofthe rating stem rang Ioads a pein in Atle 1382 of AASHTO LRED shal be spied ‘oncizety ith all ther live loss forthe Seng Limit Sates FATIGUE 41-RESISTANCE, ‘The fatigue sesistnce for steel compoueats and oul shall be a8 spociied ia the AASHTO LRED, ‘Atel 66.125 forth Fatigue Load combination, Por found HSS composeis abd. detals aot covered AASIITO LED. the nomial augue tesstance may be ‘ken from Table 113 of AASHTO Sign ot Fugue 213 OFAWS DIL Swuciral Welding Coe = Stee For gone and rectangular HSS component aad etal, the ‘minal fatigue restanee my. be taken tots the ‘rowsions of the Design Guide of the Isernatonal {Commie fr the Developmest an Stuy of Tubular ‘Suuctures (CIDECT “The gue sesitance for stot eeinorement ia ‘once suture hl be a speiied isthe AASHTO ERED Anicle S33, 42-FRACTURE Exespt a specified herein, all of the provisone specied to. Aricle 662 of the AASHTO ERED ‘lang to Charpy V-nech {CVN) factzeloughneet equemens, ineleding Fractre Chive Member (Fea aed Main Member dergnaton. thal apply 10 sel pecenan bridges. Desig of ibular members ‘ball ‘ko ealy the provisions of Ale 82 ‘pported by the chancteriice of the ste std fppkesion, the Owner may waive the ECM Teqoeriens, inlading Aricle "$23 of there {peciiestone ‘S_DEFLECTIONS Defiecions should be investigated a the trvice limit ste tng lad combination Service Tin Table Subi-1 of AASIITO TRFD For spane other than ‘anlver arm, the deflection ofthe Bridge 3 tte ed pedvton fie bncting sia ot uel ca CIDECT Design Guides ae a forign speciation avaible tough he AISC. See Zhao et a 20 can For pedeiian bridges croting low-volume {evra pobie, FCM iretnent may nt be appropiate, cs Table 252631 of AASHTO. ERED consine pidance on spanct-deph rt that may be invoked by "The 1/360 ceria is consistent with he sncteatd ‘pedcouion Inading compan to peeve: version ofLap cum SrrcmeaTions von MHEDESION OF PADESTEA ‘<—viprarions Unless waived by the Owaee, vibrations shall be investigated ar 4 reice init ate ing. lad ‘combination Service Tit Table 341-1 of AASHTO LLRED. Vivrtion of the stucre shall not case ‘scons or conem to wsert of pedestian ge Becpt as speifie’ heel he foadamewal quest dina verte mode ofthe pedestan budge witout ive Toad shall be geetr tha 3.0 ber Gi) to avoid the fie harmon Inthe Intra dicen the ada fiequesy of the podestan bridge sal be grstr tan LHe if te fundamental Hequeney cannot saisy ‘hes isations, or the second haan ia conete, a evakation of the dynamic pestommanc hall be Itade. Ths evaluation bal conse: + The eequney and magainde of pedestian foot ads + The phasing of toading from multiple recent onthe bridge atthe same ine, Inching the Toeksn” phenomena + Appreciation f svete, + equeney dependent nis on acceleration talc velocity tn eu of such evaluation inthe veal dection te bridge muy be proportioned such ha eer of the Tolling enters me sass 180 so a ress) ‘ wen ws vee W = de wight ofthe soppored structure. ineuding aly dead load ip! the fundamental equeey in the verted ‘diection (Hz) Due to the vibration problems expeenced in ‘London 0 the Meant begs, there have Beeb many Dobletions ia the tecnial terre, pray Europe, on thi top Despite tht izge ody of Joaedge i does 01 apear hte has oes convergence tomud one metnd of evtuation, o devslopieat of ay ‘pecicaton dat adequately covets dis ss ‘These provisions dies the ste of vibration fom two duceuous mating minimus satu weston fRoqueey above. those induced. by pedetiane and ‘peciying a mlmmum weight (0 ‘hast wratos stepiues ihe equene lis ae not e_ Altius fomewbt outdated, both of theve aproaches ae all ‘ube and have the grea advantage of engi, ‘he techseal guide publsted by Seva (Service tudes Techniques des Rostes ct Attorotes) 006) ppc to preset «rlavelysuaphorward tod for ‘ering bration ismce when the fsequencies of the ridge fall within he pacing equraie of pedestans ‘he Tockia” phenomevoa tele io th endeney af people to sjackenize ther pacing frequeacy to the Etc frequency of the bridge when. the. Iter Sieplacements begin grow. In lke word, stead af ‘aadom frequen and phasing among ie long fm Pedestrians on the badge, the fequescies and phases Becomes lly calle with be ridge on.Lap cum SrrcmeaTions von MHEDESION OF PADESTEA {once applied athe top of he wus vere. The lateral force sll ot be es thao QOUK tines the average Iactoted design compresive fore in the wo adjaceat top core meniere where Kis the design fective Teagth actor for th vodvigual top chord members sported between the gus vertices Tao case sll the value for OOUK be lest tan 0.003 when ‘detnniing the minim lateral oct. regatless ofthe ‘value wed ty deumine th compuesie eat of {he top chord. ‘The Iatera eae design fore sal be ‘plied coneureaty with he lading used to dteige ‘Be average compressive fare above "Bed posts shll De designed as a simple cater to cay thew applied aia Toad combited ath «ates oad of 105 ofthe end pos au lod applied laterally thc upper end 711.2—Top Chora Stabitty “The top chord shal be considered facts with asic lateral supports a he panel poi Except a ‘ated beri, he contibtion ofthe connection fiers ‘between the floor beam aod the vetealterber sll ‘be condered sn determing the fice of th elas eral support ‘onnccion may be atumed pid for the puspote of U + Matched member widths ia single eisorced HSS connections of the Sorbent to verted at applicable (oo ‘efomauion allowed die "the wall Plastiietion of member faces at service fond. ‘+The connection of the Hoorn othe vet fall ot include the HSS chord mente, the verical and oofbeam. ball ao be ‘connected odfeen side of ISS cho + Fixed end moments in the floorbeams and ‘eal det oorbeam tains in aon to ihe loade derived fom 4 U-srame spalyie hve ea acouaed fori steagh sign of ‘he connections eqirenents for sus venicls with provisions based 08 research repoed in Glanbos (1998). These provsions tstblch the minim leva suength of the vere ‘ised on the Gre of Intra] sapportnecestry for the top chord to resist the maximus design compressive fore aa ‘he we of the 133 fator applied to the factored ommpresion load to determine Py is recopeion thal fer uniformly loaded stucutes tee it 4 higher robahity of the mauimui compestion free occuring nthaneouly in adjacent ts panels. For free Sireason tler lo alambos (1998) To tie the procedures ives bere Tor top chord stabity desig, ‘bout modifestio for cos ame connection fet, oonecton ie “lly nigh at service load fot the ‘Snet hesnectons mo ener ne ‘rei op chord buckling the sillese af Ulrames in pony tee bridges ate lest than that predicted when sing member safe only Additionally, welding to two face ofan ISS member tha are at 90 depres to each eter case the cord to go ino the shape of + paraisiogram or "ovlize™ when tring fo pave moment beeween the members. Tis t90 Meee the eog ame ens ‘See AISC eidance for the srength design of HSSInert frame abd obtained from Table 1, In hie ‘able © = ier sities ofthe Uae mae of the true vertals an the Soorbeam ake a PIS ‘ipin) P= ahizary srl oad a how schematically gue | tps) A= lnteal deletion esting fom lateral load P td showa sesaseally a Fgue | a) 1. = leapt ofthe edo becweea panel post ia) ese crcl bucking loa ip) ofthe uss ‘ord ssemsber, which sball be ten as 133, Utes the fctoced compeesve loud 8 = number of panels inthe tse“Table 7.4.2-4Valus of 1K for vanious Vals of CLP, and TK es mata [nat 7000 | as _[ sare | asso aria | aoa] ares [ago 7.980 See | paet [oes | aver | 27 | 277 0.960 sooo [pes [asia | 250 | za | 247 0.950 2.595 0.980 PE aa | aoe [ aan | ae 0.920 Pa 2i4e_| 2098 [2101 2.124 900] a6 [2583 | 273 | 701s [1951 | 1.968 | 1981 0.850 2as0_[—pm1[1.79e| 1.708 | “tsar [1.896 ‘o.a00 | age [2a | aes | tio [140 | 1.058 | 14s, 0.780 zie [t7e0_[ 1.501 | 1.904] 1273 [1.269 0.700] Zave [1.955 _| 1595 | tase_[ 4.200 a1] 1 0.850 tae _[ tao [1736 087 | o39e | oss 10.900] 2ms5 [1.699 | 1.338 | 193] .985 | ove | 0.08. 0.550 asi7_[1211_[ 1.007 | o.aeo | —o.7e8 [0.708 500] 4750[4.362| 1007 | oat [0.70 | 0.808 | 0.00. 0.450 “isa_[0a2e[-o7ia_{ 0.24 | osa7_| 0.500 400] 1755 [ges | 0.677} 0555 | o4sa_| 0.078 | 0.303 0.350 ‘a3s0_[oas4 [052 [0-573 | ae [0.280 a.a00 | aaa ona? | oes | 0.70 0200 | o.tes | 0.187 023 _| 0 0.258 7 0.250 Ts or eo 10-200 0.085 | ones [0.085 | 0-053 0070 0.180 coats 0.138 7 ate z 3.087 3 ‘74.8 —Attrnative Analysis Procedores cna The wie of a second-order mamerieal analyse procedure to vate te ably ofthe top chor of fshrogh ssi acetal new of te pocedate ove povided the following aepct ae inloded (a the mode + Bifecte of intial ostotstatgoess, both Given the ineznsing avail of software that is capable of second order sales, ach i anaveei 4 Proce aernatve tothe melbod given i Ariel 7.12 However the esign squions in AASHTO. LRED Accor for the ess weatied, aod any aerative Ietioé toolé leo adéeee these. One tiethod that right be followed woold be tose the second order erica analyis to determine the K fair fora givenLavy cue Srrcmearionevon Mansion or rapesTnANmDeRs n 12—-STEBL TWIN GIRDER AND SINGLE TUB GIRDER SYSTEMS 124—General, For poteallytorsioaly exible systems such twin Eger and single tb pdr stuctual systems, ‘he designe shal consid +The ostot plane stiffness of twin Linder, por Becoming. composite with « concrete feck. can be sgn slr tha hei plane or vera. stfess. This eat lea 0 & Inteaersional beeing instbity og + Single > gies, prior to becoming composite with a concrete deck, behave a ingly symmetric cons wih a seat center below the botom flange AASTITO RFD Artele 67.55 requer top lateral bracing ‘up secon members to. preven Inter ‘orsional beckling of these sections, + Bias being comoste wih soe ‘bracing, wil behave ata tub girder and exhibit tecing. Top lel racing shal be provided Ar for 0b fects, of he abit sll Be ‘heck as singly Symmes member. 122_Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance - Twin LGiraer For evaluating te sabi of twin Ide ystems swthoat a composite deck or Iter) bracing. the [uation given By Yura and Wianto (2005) may Be ed =SE PT, sm, MyM ETT SM y 220 craa Several incidents have highlighted the eed for » «accu evaotion of the sabity of pedestianbidgs specially during the constuction Sages. Suuctiza Systems consisting of we parle gides can exhat ‘ery dierat behavior zing constriction depending ox he bracing systems wed Ifo lateral brcig is peeseat fing constuction he our-ofplane (tans) bending ‘ntfoss can be ich lee tna the nplane (verbal) ‘toss and laea-tonsional bucking can aca Aer the deck i cst. the scion i effectively a" shape uch i singly symmeuical Use of the appopuste Tterabionil bucking equation i citea and ttfereoce should be made to Galanos (1998) Purr infomation is contained in Yura aod Widiato (2008) ¢ Well as Kory and Tunstall (207),Lap cum SrrcmeaTions von MHEDESION OF PADESTEA ‘moment of one ginger (pin) Me M 5 = Spacing becween gers (in) ‘Where «cones deck is wid, comtious twin ieder systems bal be made compost wih the deck forthe ene length of te bridge. 7125 Lateral Torsional Bucling Resistance Singly Symmetric Sections “The arabeesional stably of ingly symmewie Sections not covered ip Ariel 722 aba. be favesigated sing infomaion avalible am the erate |SLTYTE SPECIFIC PROVISIONS Sa -ARcHRS rovsons ofthe AASHTO ERFD wih pidane fom eteton (1977. 42 STEEL. HSS MEMBERS: 521—General ‘The capacies and reiances forthe design of ‘onncciont for see! ISS. members shall be ‘cordance withthe Chapter K ofthe specications and Commentary of AISC (2005) or AASTITO. signs Reritances for ftgoe design tall be io accoréance ‘with the Stotrat Welding Code ~ Steel ANSUAWS. DL Section 2206 of Secion Il of AASTITO Signe ‘Tad, load Strnad restanee factors hl be ‘peciied by AASHTO. LRRD aoé these Guide fete, he mei ils ce he cas quaint for the detention of the aera torsional bueling momenta aly symnetie sections ie given ia the “Guide to Sully Design Cues for ‘Meu Seucuses" by Galambos (1998), specially 8 shapler $ Eguiion $9 of that chaper prevents the feseral formula lor bending spembers Methods for eouting for leaten of loading with serect to the Shear cer are provided, as well fr determing the Appia bueling eng considering rotaional esa AISC has parted wit CIDECT to publish st of USS Design Guider These guider ave pblcboe inernatonaly and have ot been reviewed by AISC ae fe not neceranily in accordance wth the AISC Specfesions Honever the ocimente ate 4 qo0€ revouree on HSS connections and sytemLavy cue Srrcmearionevon Mansion or rapesTnANmDeRs B + Tension ané comprestion reitance ball be cording 10 AASHTO ERED Aitile 8 st 69° respectively For eleeerenitance-welded HSS members, the design wall ekness salle taken as 093 ties the ‘nominal wal hckness $22—Detating “The minis nominal meta shickness of closed sesotraltebolar memberr shall be 025 inch (Comosion mitigation shal b considered. 823 Tebulae actare Critical Members ‘The AASHTOIAWS Fracture Contel Plan for [Nontedundant Menbers contained in AASHTOIAWS DL, Seeson 12, all Be applied to tabular members, ‘modifications * 4+ ASTM ASOD, ASOL, ABET, nd A6LE sll be eee A a ee cna Deen pilsopies exist on how best protect tubulin members from coronion One mitted of ‘onoson protection Ist veat the terior of the tobe Aequately and to provide some form of surhce treatment often a galvanized fish, to prevent conosion Tess to consider seis the sige of th fle peces 0 Be galvanized, the sizeof oe! galvanizing Kees, andthe ferice envionment fhe bid. ‘Stoer method ito we a wearing sel materia to plovide corosion protection Adequate cabage and eattion of the folrior met be provided. tad fensideaion of che sulaity of the opecing ftvironment mac be made. FHWA Techical évisory ‘T's14022 (1989) provides qudaner in the use of Weathenag.stcis Ag ietease ine minions Uueknes. when roving op Weathsng seal at the feurosio protection shoud be comsideed ‘A thd, and ofen lees succes, mithod it to completely seal the ssleuor of te mewber fom the nosphee, Ths requses wef dealing. of the fousecuous.a even anal opeaing wil allow moisture lade a into the tron, and over tie he can ren ‘large accutalaon of water. Box members in «large tess tha were supposedly sealed othe atmosphere have tee found to contain several fet of water. cans Nocutet specication adequately coves the ws of tabula members io a fines Cel capaci AASHTOIAWS DIS Specifically xchat tuhult tember. It appears sgneantrevetch is requed (0 ‘der he exaqe aspects of bo the opin we Wed a create he cated shape. at Well atthe oe-tidedLap cum SrrcmeaTions von MHEDESION OF PADESTEA ‘Tobte 121 + Welding deta for epee faded ble rember specied by AASHITOIAWS DI fallbe wes +All welds segue ual ‘S3_FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER FRF) C83 MEMBERS “The minimum thicken of clove srucural FRP__For design of FRP members in pedesiian bridges, members (sich ae ‘ibee) shall be O25 inch. The reference may be made tothe AASHTO. Gude Iinimam thikness of open stuctial FRE members Specfeations for Design of PRP. Podetian Bridger (eaeh at chink) ielung connection plate hall be (2008) Late. slormaton st curealywalable 0575 ine Tepieding revsance equation of retanee factor for the material ated in Bdge eouctares Severs design specications. covering PRP pladed shapes ate Clrenty ander development bythe American Sosy of iit Bngieers and may be of ei the ire fr the sign of FRP pedestrian ridges. [REFERENCES AASHTO, 1997, Guide Specifications for Design of Pedestrian Bridge, American Association of State ‘Highway an8 Traneporaion Osea, Washington,DC AASHTO, 2001, Standard Spetcaions for Stacural Support for Highvsay Sens, Luminaries ond Trae Senos 4® Edson, LTS-4, Ameriean Asoeution of State Highway and Taaepotion Offi Washington, DC. AASHTO. 2002. standard Specifications for Highvay Bridges, 17 Bétion, American Associaton of ‘State Highvay ané Transportation Ottis, Washington, DC AASHTO. 2007, AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specfcwions, 4° Baton, 2008 aad 2009 Interim. “American Association of Sate Highway and Transpotaton Orbital, Washington, DC, AASHTO. 2008. AASHTO Gul Speciation: for Design of FRP Pedestion Bridges, U" Bion ‘American Associaton of State Highway and Traspitaton Oils, Wasiugtan, DC AISC. 2005. specication for Structural Se! Buldings, ANSUAISC 36048, Amevcas lst of Stee Consrction. 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Techical Guide Foohridges-Artcement of Vibrational Behaviour of Footbridge ander Pedernian Loading, Service 8 Bier Techniques der Roses et Aworoes, Aceociation Pancaive De (Genie Cn, Pare, Fence \illoré, M. 2002, ~Dynamie stone and rescions of pedenans” Proceedings ofthe International Conferce onthe Design and Dynamic Behavior of Footbridger November 20-20 Pa. ranee ‘Yors,1 A and Wihanto 2005 “Lateral Backing and Bracing of Beam - A Re.rvaation after he Marey née Callspee” 200 Annual Technica! Seeron Proeedings, Ap 69, 2005 io Montes. Qbsber, Cami, ruta Stability Ressaeh Cour Rolla, MO 1s