ADHARSITHA

CENTER OF REHABILITATION FOR SEX

WORKERS AND CHILDREN IN MUMBAI
THESIS REPORT
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the award of Bachelor of Architecture Degree
of the Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala

Submitted by
KRISHNAPRIYA SASEENDRAN
15052026
(2015-2020)

Under the Guidance of

Ar. Ria John

DC School of Architecture and Design

Pullikkanam,Vagamon, Idukki - 685 503, Kerala, India

November 2020

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 DC School of Architecture and Design
Pullikkanam, Vagamon,
Idukki-685 503, Kerala, India
Phone:(91-4869) 202110
Fax:(91-481) 2564758
E-mail:arch.info@dcschool.net
web:www.arch.dcsmat.ac.in

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work contained in the thesis entitled “ADHARSITHA,
Center Of Rehabilitation For Sex Workers And Children In Mumbai”, submitted by
Krishnapriya Saseendran (Regd. No.: 15052026) for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Architecture Degree to the Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam,
Kerala is a record of bona fide work carried out by her under my direct supervision
and guidance. I consider that the thesis has reached the standards and fulfilling the
requirements of the rules and regulations relating to the nature of the degree. The
contents embodied in the thesis have not been submitted for the award of any other
degree or diploma in this or any other university and therefore could be placed
before examination board, appointed by the Mahatma Gandhi university, for its
consideration.

Vagamon GUIDE
Date: Ar.Ria John
(Designation)
Signature

Valued By-:
1. External Examiner 1 [ ]

2. External Examiner 2 [ ]

3. Internal Examiner [ ]

Ar.George A Aikkarakunnel
PRINCIPAL, DC School of Architecture and Design

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 DC School of Architecture and Design
Pullikkanam, Vagamon,
Idukki-685 503, Kerala, India
Phone:(91-4869) 202110
Fax:(91-481) 2564758
E-mail:arch.info@dcschool.net
web:www.arch.dcsmat.ac.in

DECLARATION CUM UNDERTAKING

I Krishnapriya Saseendran of B.Arch 5th year (Xth Semester) hereby declare that the
THESIS entitled " ADHARSITHA, Center Of Rehabilitation For Sex Workers And
Children In Mumbai " is my own work conducted at DC School of Architecture and
Design Pullikkanam, Vagamon, Idukki, Kerala.

I further declare that

a. The work contained in the thesis is original and has been done by myself under
the supervision of my Guide.
b. The work has not been submitted to any other Institute for any degree or diploma.
c. I have conformed to the norms and guidelines given in the Ethical Code of
Conduct of the Institute.
d. Whenever I have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, and text) from other
sources, I have given due credit to them by citing them in the text of the thesis and
giving their details in the references.
e. Whenever I have quoted written materials from other sources and due credit is
given to the sources by citing them.

Krishnapriya Saseendran
15052026
Signature

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The successful completion of any task would be incomplete if we don‘t mention the people
who made it possible. The success behind my research is the helping hands who have offered
their valuable time, energy and resources without which my effort would not have been a
successful one.

I take this opportunity to thank all those who have inspired and motivated me to make the
thesis a success. I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to my thesis guide, Ar.Ria
John who has been guiding me to bring my work to success also in coordinating the thesis in
its possible way. I sincerely thank Prof. George A Aikkarakunnel and Ar. T.M Cyriac for
their constant and appropriate guidance to do the research. I am greatly thankful to my
family for supporting me throughout the process. I also thank the authorities for enabling me
to have case studies .

I extend my sincere gratitude to our college faculty for their valuable suggestions and help. I
also thank all my friends and others for their encouragement and enduring support; directly or
indirectly , which was inevitable for the success of my ventures.

Krishnapriya Saseendran
Signature

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 ABSTRACT

The project is a rehabilitation centre for rescued sex workers and children in Mumbai and
considering Kamathipura as an area of immediate impact. The project is titled as Adharsitha
(undefeated). The project consisting of different buildings with several functions along with
the accommodation facility,which is going to be the main focus. Sex workers are a
marginalised category of people whose basic needs and rights are restricted. The institution
offers development of the people mentally ,physically and economically. In the present
condition of the country such rehabilitation centres including all the functions included in the
project will help the woman rescued from the red light areas to develop future with total
privacy and security. And also the activities in the institution for children aims in the
prohibition of second generation prostitution. The design incorporates more natural features
to the campus to create an atmosphere of heailing for the occupants. The project aims to bring
the women and children from the red light areas to a normal social life and making them
educationally and financially stable.

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AHTU - Anti Human Trafficking Units

CIDCO - City & Industrial Development Corporation

FSW - Female Sew Worker

HIV - Human Immunodeficiency virus

ITPA - Immoral Traffic Prevention Act

NCRB - National Crime Bureau

NGO - Non Governmental Organization

NMMC - Navi Mumbai Muncipal Corporation

SOS - Save Our Soul

UNODC - United Nation Office on Drugs & Crime

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 CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 ............................................................................................................................ 10
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 10
1.1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 13
1.2. WORLD SEX MARKET .............................................................................................. 13
1.3. PROSTITUTION IN INDIA ......................................................................................... 14
1.4. SEX TRAFFICKING .................................................................................................... 14
1.5. THE WORLD‘S MOST DANGEROUS COUNTRY FOR WOMEN ? ...................... 15
1.6. KAMATHIPURA ......................................................................................................... 17
1.7. FOREIGN PROSTITUTES .......................................................................................... 19
1.8. CHILD PROSTITUTION ............................................................................................. 19
1.9. HIV AMOUNG SEX WORKERS................................................................................ 19
1.10. POVERTY‘S ROLE IN INDIAN PROSTITUTION ................................................. 20
1.11. MISERIES AND SUFFERING OF PROSTITUTES ................................................. 20
1.12. LAWS RELATED TO PROSTITUTION IN INDIA ................................................. 21
1.13. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES (IDAS) .................................... 24
1.14. CORPORATES IN ANTI-TRAFFICKING ............................................................... 24
1.15. MEDIA ........................................................................................................................ 24
1.16. PREVENTIVE PROGRAMMES ............................................................................... 24
1.17. REHABILITATION ................................................................................................... 25
1.18. RESCUE FOUNDATIONS IN INDIA....................................................................... 26
CHAPTER 2 ............................................................................................................................ 29
DATA COLLECTION ......................................................................................................... 29
2.1. HOSPITALS ................................................................................................................. 29
2.2. PARKING ..................................................................................................................... 30
2.3. ROADS ......................................................................................................................... 31
2.4. OFFICE BUILDINGS .................................................................................................. 32
2.5. EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS .................................................................................... 33
2.6. INDUSTRY & SERVICES ........................................................................................... 34
2.7. SPORTS ........................................................................................................................ 35
2.8. FITNESS ....................................................................................................................... 36
2.9. LANDSCAPE ............................................................................................................... 37

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 2.10. BUILDING RULES .................................................................................................... 38
2.11. BUILDING RULES .................................................................................................... 39
CHAPTER 3 ............................................................................................................................ 41
CASE STUDY ..................................................................................................................... 41
3.1. LIVE CASE STUDY 1 :SOS VILLAGE , PUNE ........................................................ 41
3.2. LIVE CASE STUDY 2 : SNEHALAYA AHAMMED NAGAR ................................ 45
3.3. LITERATURE STUDY 1 :GROOT KLIMMENDAAL , NETHERLANDS .............. 49
3.4. LITERATURE STUDY 2 :AVASARA ACADEMY, PUNE ...................................... 56
3.5 COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS ........................................................................................ 61
CHAPTER 4 ............................................................................................................................ 63
SITE STUDY ....................................................................................................................... 63
CHAPTER 5 ............................................................................................................................ 68
5.1. DESIGN PROGRAM ................................................................................................... 68
5.2. AREA STATEMENT ................................................................................................... 70
5.3. CONCEPT..................................................................................................................... 73
5.4. ZONING........................................................................................................................ 74
CHAPTER 6 ............................................................................................................................ 76
CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................... 76
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................ 77

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 TABLE OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1 : WORLD SEX MARKET .................................................................................... 13

FIGURE 2 : WORLD HUMAN TRAFFICKING INDEX ..................................................... 14
FIGURE 3 : RATE OF SEX TRAFFICKING IN INDIA ...................................................... 15
FIGURE 4 : RATE OF SEX TRAFFICKING IN INDIA ....................................................... 15
FIGURE 5 : OVERVIEW OF SEX TRAFFICKING IN INDIA ............................................ 16
FIGURE 6 : MAP OF KAMATHIPURA ................................................................................ 17
FIGURE 7 : RESCUE FOUNDATIONS IN MAHARASHTRA & WEST BENGAL .......... 26
FIGURE 8 : SOS VILLAGE , PUNE ...................................................................................... 41
FIGURE 9 : SOS VILLAGE SITE PLAN .............................................................................. 42
FIGURE 10 : FAMILY CLUSTER INDIVIDUAL UNIT...................................................... 44
FIGURE 11 : SNEHALAYA, AHAMMED NAGAR ............................................................ 45
FIGURE 12 : SNEHALAYA SITE PLAN .............................................................................. 46
FIGURE 13 : GROOT KLIMMENDAAL, NETHERLANDS ............................................... 49
FIGURE 14 : GROOT KLIMMENDAAL SITE PLAN ......................................................... 50
FIGURE 15 : VERTICAL LAYERING OF THE PROGRAM .............................................. 51
FIGURE 16 : VERTICAL ZONING ....................................................................................... 51
FIGURE 17 : AVASARA ACADEMEY SITE PLAN .......................................................... 57
FIGURE 18 : EXHAUST CAVITIES FOR VENTILATION ................................................ 58
FIGURE 19 : LOCATION...................................................................................................... 63
FIGURE 20 : SITE ANALYSIS .............................................................................................. 63
FIGURE 21 : ROAD NETWORK........................................................................................... 64
FIGURE 22 : CLIMATE STUDY ........................................................................................... 65
FIGURE 23 : SITE PHOTOS .................................................................................................. 67
FIGURE 24 : FINAL ZONING ............................................................................................... 75

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A category of population in india who experiences high poverty, mostly affected the lives of
thousands of women. over women , children are thrown into the red light spots across the
country. India could be a country where prostitution is legal but kerb crawling, owning or
managing a brothel, prostitution in an exceedingly hotel, child prostitution, pimping and
pandering are illegal. As per the report of the ministry world organization center for
development and population activities shows that around 200 girls and woman moves to sex
work on a daily basis in India over 160 amoung them are forced into it. Girls rescued from
various parts of the country needs special attention, for better life still as a psychological
approach for bringing back the community to a positive livelihood. Most of them are
depressed due their HIV status and other physical and mental conditions. Therefore
developing an improved environment helps in giving them an improved life. Lack of health
care facilities are one other major issues faced in red light areas. The victims of physical and
mental harassment and organ trade are having savior health conditions.

KAMATHIPURA
Kamathipura, An old and famous known red light area of about 39 acres located at Grant
road (East) was also known for Asia‘s biggest prostitutes once in Mumbai which is now
reduced to few. Kamathipura was formerly called ‗Lal Bazar‘ during the time of the British
government for being the oldest prostitutes‘ area in south Mumbai since 1795. there's a
complete of 1 to 14 lanes in Kamathipura and these lanes have brothels in them

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM :

The annual earning through prostitution in india is about $8 billion, with 2 million sex
workers and 275000 brothels. There are over 10 million commercial sex workers across the
country. Most of those women were forced by gang members or to require up this profession
or were betrayed with false promises of employment. Poverty in families are the most reasons
that doves women and girls during this. Hence a center for rehabilitating them will improve
their way of living and also their children will rescue a future generation. The study aims at
the rehabilitation of sex workers by providing a shelter for both women and their children

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with necessary medical facilities and other systems for them where they'll learn and improve
their knowledge for better employment and a healthy environment of living.
GOAL/AIM
 To design a rehabilitation center which will act as a residential unit for the rescued
sex workers and their children along with a primary health centre

OBJECTIVES :
1. Collecting primary data:

 By approaching sex workers community who have been leading an unhealthy and
insecure environment of living and taking personal interviews.
 Interviews with experts who designed rehabilitation centers and spaces for sex
workers.

2. Collecting secondary data :

 Collecting information from books , research articles, and documentaries to get into
details of area of study.

a. Data collection :

 Collect data about requirements of people

b. Literature study :

 Red light areas in Mumbai : eg: sonapur , turbhe

 Industrial unit for women
 Primary health center

c. Live case study :

 Detailed study of kamatipura

 Rehabilitation centers for women and children : neehar ,pune and sos village , pune
 Snehalaya at Ahammed Nagar, Maharashtra

SCOPE :
 Helps to break the regular cycle of the sex workers and eradicate poverty through
education and self development.
 Helps to provide physical and mental support through holistic spaces.
 Can improve the attitude of the society to towards the ladies and the children and stop
all kind of abuses towards them based on their past life.

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  Can prevent second generation from forced prostitution
 The design will incorporate with the psychology of spaces and functional aspects to
resurrect a better and safe environment for living.
 Primary health center for women and children having public access will helps to
avoid the feeling of isolation from the normal world.
 Employment generation through industrial unit and self development facilities
provides financial support to the rescued sex workers.
LIMITATION :
 The study will be limited within the boundaries of Kamathipura as it is taken as the
area of immediate impact and the study will be focusing the women and children of
that area.
 Proper statistical data of sex workers and children are unavailable.
 Areas of study are limited due to time constraints.

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY :
The people who will be getting the benefit of the proposal are:

 Rescued sex workers

 Children of sex workers and other rescued children from that area
 Women and children who have access to use the primary health center
 A different environment can act as a holistic space, which will help to enlighten the
people. Employability skill development through education and vocational training.
Thereby can make them self-sustainable .

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1.1. INTRODUCTION
The reason why women become commercial sex workers in India is lack of choices; survival
of the fittest is the norm. the ladies in sex industry are among the poorest of the poor with
little connection to the formal community. In some cases young girls inherit the sex work in
generations. Prostitutes are a stigmatized group within the society and also the status of
health is usually poor. the danger of getting infected and spreading sexually transmitted
diseases and HIV is high. The family of origin may reject the ladies if they discover their way
of living. Sex work is related to guilt and shame why integration outside their area of
business is minimal. Sex workers are therefore likely to become marginalized from the
formal economy. the women have little or no assets at all to help them leave the sex industry.
they're left totally to their own endurance. The life in sex work is lonely, unsafe and
infrequently short. When the women die they most of the days leave children behind who
become orphans with an unsecure future. Consequently, there's much to realize within the
interest to reach commercial sex workers.

1.2. WORLD SEX MARKET

Figure 1 : World Sex Market

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Prostitution is said to be the world‘s oldest profession. there are corners of almost every
major city where the sex trade is thriving. From Nevada to Amsterdam, Paris, and Bangkok,
red light districts have occupied a place in the minds of artists, writers, self-professed
bohemians, moralists, ethicists, and travellers for centuries.

1.3. PROSTITUTION IN INDIA

Figure 2 : World human trafficking index

Prostitution is legal in India. number of related activities including soliciting in a public

place, kerb crawling, owning or managing a brothel, prostitution in a hotel, child prostitution,
pimping and pandering are illegal. There are, however, many brothels illegally operating in
Indian cities including Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata and Chennai. UNAIDS estimate there were
657,829 prostitutes in the country in 2016

1.4. SEX TRAFFICKING

According to estimates, human trafficking in India may affect between 20 and 65 million
people. Women and girls are trafficked within the country for the purposes of commercial
sexual exploitation and forced marriage, especially in those areas where the sex ratio is
highly skewed in favour of men.

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Figure 3 : Rate of Sex trafficking in india

1.5. THE WORLD’S MOST DANGEROUS COUNTRY FOR WOMEN ?

Figure 4 : Rate of sex trafficking in india

Last year, India has been coined ‗the world‘s most dangerous country for women‘, ahead of
Afghanistan, Syria and Saudi Arabia, according to a poll by the Thomson Reuters
Foundation, which surveyed 548 experts on six different indices, including healthcare,
discrimination, cultural traditions, sexual and non-sexual violence, and human trafficking.

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Figure 5 : overview of sex trafficking in india

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1.6. KAMATHIPURA

Kamathipura is considered to be Asia's largest red-light area and is located in Mumbai, India.
It has approximately 5,000 sex workers. The majority of the sex workers are trafficked as
minors from rural parts of India or from Bangladesh and Nepal. Kamathipura is divided into
roughly 14 lanes and divided according to regional and linguistic backgrounds of the sex
workers. Most of the sex workers come from other Indian states. The red-light area and the
pattern of functioning reflect the dehumanizing situation that the commercially sexually
exploited women face every day. They are pushed into the trade at a young age, at times even
before they attain puberty. They are, thus, not aware of the trap they are falling into.
Most women have no formal education, they have no knowledge of how much they earn.
When they are allowed to leave the set-up, they are most probably a victim of life-threatening
diseases like AIDS

About 10,000 female sex workers live in Kamathipura, an estimated third of the total 20
years ago. They come from all over India, as well as neighbouring countries Nepal and,
increasingly, Bangladesh. Almost all have been trafficked, sold by relatives or lured by men
who convinced them that a better life awaited them in Mumbai. Police are paid off, or turn a
blind eye. A special trafficking court is little deterrent.

1. Jahangir Boman Behram Road

2. R S Nimkar Road (Foras Road)
3. Shuklahi Marg
4. Manaji Rajuji Road
5. Shankarrao Pupala Marg
6. Stable Street (Chandra Mani Buddhavihar Marg)
7. Parashuram Pupala Marg
8. Maulana Shaukathali Road
9. Versova Street
10. Maulana Azad Road

Figure 6 : Map of Kamathipura

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STRUCTURE :
Kamathipura is strategically located in Central Mumbai. It is near to the Mumbai Central
station on the Western Railway Line and Byculla station on the Central Railway Line. It is an
area of about 52 acres laid out in a planned grid-iron pattern. There are16 parallel lanes
crisscrossing the neighbourhood. The area is bound by four main roads — Bellasis Road on
the north, Maulana Azad road on the east, Maulana Shaukatali Road on the south and
Sukhlaji Street on the west. This strategic location, presence of cheap accommodation, and
access to public schools and hospitals have consistently drawn poorer urban populations to
the area.

HISTORY:

It was created as a ‗tolerated zone‘ for commercial sex workers during the British era for the
entertainment of the British soldiers and sailors. In the colonial times, the neighbourhood
accommodated sex workers of European and Asian origin. After India gained Independence,
the area gained notoriety as sex trade flourished. Girls from southern India, and from Nepal
were trafficked into Kamathipura. Post the nineties increasing rents, incursion of small
manufacturing, organised efforts by citizens to remove sex workers and unwillingness of
ageing sex workers to let their children continue the trade led to the steady decline of
brothels. Today the business is confined to a few lanes.

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1.7. FOREIGN PROSTITUTES
Women and girls from China, Arab countries, Japan, the former Soviet Republics,
Bangladesh,Sri Lankaand from other origins have been noted as working as prostitutes in
India. In 2015 ten Thai women were arrested in India on prostitution charges for allegedly
running two brothels masquerading as massage parlours.

1.8. CHILD PROSTITUTION

"CHILD PROSTITUTION IS THE ULTIMATE DENIAL OF THE RIGHTS OF THE

CHILD."

(Dr Jon E Rhode, UNICEF representative in India).

30% of the total sex workers in india are believed to be children. Recent reports estimate that
the number of children involved in prostitution is increasing at 8 to10% per annum.

About 15% of the prostitutes in Mumbai (Bombay), Delhi, Madras, Calcutta, Hyderabad and
Bangalore are children. It is estimated that 30%of the prostitutes in these six cities are under
20 years of age. Nearly half of them became commercial sex workers when they were
minors. Conservative estimates state that around 300 000 children in India are suffering
commercial sexual abuse, which includes working in pornography.

In one study of 456 sex workers in Mumbai who had been 'rescued' by police in February
1996, a fifth were under 18 years and two-thirds were under 20. The main obstacle in the
cracking down on child prostitution for the police is the issue of rehabilitation and where to
place and reintegrate all the children that they rescue.

1.9. HIV AMOUNG SEX WORKERS

India has approximately 40% of Asia‘s population, but 60% of the continent‘s HIV infected
people. The HIV epidemic in India can be characterized as a truncated epidemic, driven by
commercial sex, where men engage in risky sexual behaviours with female sex workers
(FSWs) and then go on to infect their other female partners. However, because of the low rate
of multiple partnerships in women in the general population, the epidemic remains largely
contained within high risk or core populations .

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1.10. POVERTY’S ROLE IN INDIAN PROSTITUTION

One of India‘s most striking characteristics is its material poverty. An estimated 40% of
India‘s population lives in poverty. This means that
almost 400 million people cannot meet basic survival needs like food, clothing, and shelter.
This is an overwhelming, almost unimaginable statistic. Poverty does not create imbalances
in gender and sex. It only aggravates already existing imbalances in power and therefore
increases the vulnerability of those who are at the receiving end of gender prejudice. In a
patriarchal set up, the section in families in societies that is affected is women and girl
children. Caste wars, political strife, domestic conflicts through their manifestations and
repercussions reflect strong gender prejudice against women. Violence against women,
assault and rape on women are not individual sexual or physical crimes.

1.11. MISERIES AND SUFFERING OF PROSTITUTES

Most of these workers are treated very inhumanly at the early stage of their stay
at the brothel (a unit of prostitution). They are beaten frequently in order to create fear in their
mind. Once they reach the age of entertaining the customers they are physically forced to do
so. Having achieved what the brothel owner wants, these workers virtually remain under
house arrest to prevent their possible escape. What ever they can only a small part of the
earning is given to them.
The government estimates that there are three million sex workers in India. Most
of them are not only HIV affected but are suffering from various other diseases. They don‘t
have a proper access to medical facilities. Referral to specialist care ―Probably unthinkable
for them.
Exploitation through the males designated as clients or customers. Pimps are the most
obvious fate of these girls and women. Police and other law enforcing agencies always take
advantage of these people. They not only extract money from them but also abuse them
physically.
With such a complex and overwhelming problem, the response must necessarily be multi
faceted. Trafficking can and must be reduced through the effective implementation of the 4P
framework: prevention; protection; prosecution; and partnership, in both the regions
where the victims are sourced and their final destinations

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Prevention seeks to reduce the vulnerability of women and children who are at risk of being
trafficked. It includes programmes that mobilise communities and create awareness of
trafficking and women's rights, proactively reduces all crimes against women, and works
with the children of sex workers to prevent second generation prostitution.

Protection includes the care of a victim from her rescue until she is fully rehabilitated and
reintegrated into mainstream society. Programmes for protection are important in both the
source and destination regions, although it is not always possible to return the victim to her
home community

Prosecution must be supported both in the regions where trafficking occurs and in the areas
where the victims end up. Only when the cost of doing business, as a result of effective
prosecution and punishment, becomes greater than the rewards of trafficking, will the
industry falter.

Partnership is vital to address the cross-regional, multi disciplinary nature of trafficking.

Partnerships must include the government at all levels, communities, law enforcement and
court authorities, non-profits and international development agencies, as well as indirect
stakeholders such as the media, corporates, and providers of support services. Understanding
the scope and extent of the trafficking problem is critical to identifying targeted solutions and
policies

1.12. LAWS RELATED TO PROSTITUTION IN INDIA

Constitution of India, under article 23, prohibits trafficking in every form including
commercial sexual exploitation of women and girls. We have special legislations like
Immoral Traffic Prevention Act (ITPA) and local legislation like Goa Children‘s Act etc. in
addition to the provisions in the IPC (Indian Penal Code).

a. Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act-1956

The Immoral Trafficking Prevention Act, 1956 ("ITPA"), the main statute dealing with sex
work in India, does not criminalize prostitution or prostitutes per se, but mostly punishes acts
by third parties facilitating prostitution like brothel keeping, living off earnings and
procuring, even where sex work is not coerced

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 b. Magnitude and Trend of the Problem in India
The data collected by the National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) shows the magnitude of
the problem of prostitution in India. The Bureau is collecting data under the following heads
of crime which are related to Prostitution and Human Trafficking.
• Procuration of Minor girls (section 366-A IPC).
• Importation of Girls (Section-366-B IPC).
• Selling of Girls for prostitution (Section-372 IPC).
• Buying of Girls for Prostitution (Section-373 IPC).
• Immoral Trafficking (Prevention) Act 1956.
• Child Marriage Retrain Act, 1929.

c. Procuration of Minor Girls (Sec. 366A IPC) (Incidence…253)

253 cases were reported in the year 2007 as compared to 231 such cases in 2006, accounting
for 9.5% increase over 2006. West Bengal has reported 54 such cases indicating a share of
21.3% at National level followed by Andhra Pradesh (37) and Bihar (36). An increasing trend
was observed in these cases during the last three years. Details are given at Table 6*(C).

d. Selling of Girls for Prostitution (Sec.372 IPC) (Incidence…69)

69 cases of ‗Selling of Girls for Prostitution‘ were reported in the country during 2007
against 123 such cases in 2006, thereby indicating a decline of 43.9% over 2006. West
Bengal has accounted for 79.7% (55cases out of 69 cases) of the total cases of ‗Selling of
Girls for Prostitution‘ reported in the country.

e. Buying of Girls for Prostitution (Sec. 373 IPC) (Incidence…40)

40 cases of ‗Buying of Girls for Prostitution‘ were reported in the country during the year
2007. This indicates a 14.3% increase in the incidence over 2006 when 35 cases were
reported in the country. Maharashtra has accounted for 77.5% (31 out of 40) cases reported in
the country in 2007.

f. Immoral Trafficking (Prevention) Act 1956 (Incidence…3,568 Rate …0.3)

Cases under this Act have registered a decline of 21.4% (3,568) during the year as compared
to the previous year (4,541). 33.6% (1,199) of the total cases reported in the country were
reported form Tamil Nadu whereas Daman & Diu reported the highest crime rate of 2.7 under
this head as compared to the National average of 0.3.

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 g. Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929 (Incidence…96 Rate …Negligible)
The cases reported under this Act during 2007 have marginally declined by 3.0% over the
previous year (99). Andhra Pradesh (21) Gujarat (14) and West Bengal (9) have reported bulk
cases together accounting for 45.8% of the total cases.

Crime Head –wise of Various crimes under Human Trafficking During 2003-2007 and
Percentage variation in 2007 over 2006

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1.13. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES (IDAS)

The UN performs a key role in global anti-trafficking initiatives' and UNODC is the key
agency within the UN incharge of the anti-trafficking initiative. As human trafficking is a
growing global enterprise and a concern for many member nations, it continues to be part of
the broader UN programmes. Similar to the cross-cutting involvement of government
ministries, there are similar overlaps between UN agencies. A strong theme across the UN is
the need to support systemic change and share worldwide best practices.

1.14. CORPORATES IN ANTI-TRAFFICKING

The private sector possesses unique characteristics - influence, resources and innovation,
which make it uniquely situated to be a powerful actor in anti-sex trafficking efforts in both
harmful and helpful ways. The skills and resources that these players offer, could move the
needle on several fronts. First and foremost is safeguarding their services from being used
bytraffickers, and leveraging the rapid growth of social networking and technology
innovation.

1.15. MEDIA

The media has a critical role in mobilising public support to combat sex trafficking. Outreach
and the ability to mould public opinion is a powerful tool in building momentum for
combatting sex trafficking. Investigative journalism on sex trafficking should be promoted.
Articles or broadcasts focusing on sex trafficking not only educate the public but also
increase awareness on how the public can contribute towards anti-trafficking efforts. Such
coverage should include helpline numbers and other sources of assistance.

1.16. PREVENTIVE PROGRAMMES

Counselling and guiding programmes with a view to educate public with regard to the causes
and problems of prostitutes coupled with sex education is need of the hour. More and more
economic opportunities should be made available to the going vulnerable to prostitution.
Police should be directed to register cares related to abduction or abuse related to girl on
priority basis. Following steps must also be taken to ensure effective prevention:

[24]
• Community Policing: The concept of Community Policing should be made popular, so that
involvement of civilians and NGO‘s in Policing can be done, in order to prevent and combat
prostitution .Community Policing is a philosophy based on the paradigm of solving problem
in synergy where police acts as a facilitator and community is made to share responsibity.

• Second Generation Prevention: Problem of prostitution can be minimized, if the children of

the prostitutes are given respectable future. A Beginning has been made by Prajwala; an anti-
trafficking organization of Andra Pradesh. Efforts are being made by the organization to
explore education and self employment alternatives for the survivors.

• Synergy : The UNODC ( United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime), New Delhi, in
partnership with Government of India and State Government agencies as well as civil society
patners has set up Anti-Human Trafficking Units (AHTU) at Andra Pradesh, Goa, & West
Bengal. These units with the help of trained manpower are making tremendous impact in law
enforcement scenario of India. The AHTUs in Andra Pradesh have rescued more than 700
victims of which more than 100 are children below 18 years of age in a span of six months.
They have also arrested more than 1000 offenders including 300 customers. Such units
should be set up in all States and Union Territories of India.( Bedi. Kiran, Nair P.M; 08)

1.17. REHABILITATION

Due to relentless efforts of the NGO‘s social workers and other social development
organization it has been realized that prostitution is one of the worst social evils and has to be
eliminated at the earliest. This can be done through a concrete strategy and action plan of
which rehabilitation is an integral part. Rehabilitation is both physical and psychological.
Physical rehabilitation is essentially economic whereas psychological rehabilitation has to be
built up through a process of assurance and reassurance. The two most go side by side. The
first pre-requisite of psychological rehabilitation is that the freed prostitutes must be
wrenched away from the old habitat and be rehabilated at a place where they will no longer
subject to the of the dalals or owner of the brothels. Unless they are psychologically assured
that after their release their over all conditions will improve, there is every possibility that
they may slide back to their old environment. In order to ensure rehabilitation, it is very
necessary that the Government with the NGOs must imbibeawareness among the sex workers
about their legal status and rights. A gender sensitive market driven vocational training
should be provided to all the rescued victims. It is observed that the immediate requirement

[25]
of the sex workers is financial security, as after leaving their old profession they are even
unable to earn their livings. Thus, a co-operative credit society lead by the NGOs on their
own or with the support of the government is the need of the hour. This effort shall save them
from the exploitation of the money lenders and humiliation by the banks.

1.18. RESCUE FOUNDATIONS IN INDIA

Figure 7 : Rescue foundations in Maharashtra & West Bengal

Snehalaya :

Snehalaya means 'Home of Love', and was founded in 1989 to

provide support for women, children and LGBT
communities, who have been affected by HIV and AIDS,
trafficking, sexual violence, and poverty.

Navjeevan centre :

The Navjeevan Centre, an undertaking of the Marthoma Church,

works in Kamathipura, dealing with various aspects such as dealing
with health awareness with special focus on AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases,

[26]
providing counseling services, de-addiction programs, skill development and training, taking
care of the children of the CSEWs by providing full time care, protection and education
through the day/night care shelters or residential homes away from the red light area and
helping them to build their own lives and future.

Apne Aap Womens Collective :

Founded in 1998 apne aap women's collective is an anti

trafficking organisation that serves the women and children of
kamathipura .
They operate three programs umeed for women(ages 18+) in
brothel based prostitution udaan for daughters of umeed members
and other girls(5-18) living in red light areas and umang for toddlers of umeed members
and other children living in the red light areas by providing better quality of life

Prerana :

3-pronged approach that provides a comprehensive method of

successfully eliminating second generation trafficking into
prostitution in India.

Freedom Firm :

Freedom Firm is an anti-sex trafficking NGO in India that is

working to rescue minor girls sold into the commercial sex trade
in India, restore their identities, and seek justice against those who were involved in their
sexual exploitation.

[27]
STEPS FOR ENHANCING ANTI-SEX TRAFFICKING EFFORTS IN INDIA

[28]
 CHAPTER 2

DATA COLLECTION

2.1. HOSPITALS

[29]
2.2. PARKING

[30]
2.3. ROADS

[31]
2.4. OFFICE BUILDINGS

[32]
2.5. EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS

[33]
2.6. INDUSTRY & SERVICES

[34]
2.7. SPORTS

[35]
2.8. FITNESS

[36]
2.9. LANDSCAPE

[37]
2.10. BUILDING RULES
Front open spaces

The minimum setback from existing or proposed road shall be as under: -

a) for streets 7.5 m to less than 12.0 in width ..1.0m.

B) for streets 12.0 m. And above in width ..1.5m.

C) for streets less than 7.5 m. In width no set-back shall be prescribed subject to condition
that no lane shall be less than 4.5 m. In width clear of structural projections. For lanes less
than 4.5 m. Wide a set-back of 2.25 m. Shall be prescribed from the center line of such lane,
streets less than 4.5 m. Wide shall be treated as lanes only when they serve as access to the
properties fronting on them. Where such streets, despite their narrowness, form part of traffic
circulation system, widening shall be proposed and normal set back mentioned above shall be
applied.

d) structural projections such as balconies, cornices, weather sheds, roof projections etc,
shall be allowed only in the setback distances prescribed above. Such projections will not be
taken into consideration for calculation of built over area

 Open spaces to be provided for the full Consumption of Built-up Area,- Normally the
open spaces to be left at the sides and rear shall be to consume the built-up area
permissible for the occupancy in the zone, provided that higher coverage that is
required under these Bye-laws would be permissible in case of new construction on
upper floor with ground floor already constructed. The Authority may permit smaller
set-back and permit additional floor area to the limit of 10 sq.m. over & above the
permissible built-up area with a view to avoid structural difficulties or great hardship,
provided light and ventilation of adjoining buildings or part thereof not affected
adversely.
 In Gaothan area for Educational, Medical, religious land-use - FSI permissible is
normally 1.00. But for the benefit of the community, with the prior approval of the
Municipal Commissioner, the FSI specified may be permitted to be exceeded to
maximum of 50% than permissible for buildings used for education, medical,
religious purposes, subject to payment of premium as decided by the Government and
without condonation in margin and parking. However, further 50% FSI may be
exceeded if access road is more than 9.0 mt.

[38]
2.11. BUILDING RULES
REGULATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OUTSIDE CONGESTED AREAS AND
OUTSIDE GES SCHEMES.

(1) GCR (Ground Coverage Ratio), FSI (Floor Space Index), VPR (Volume to Plot Area
Ratio).
(2) The floor Space Index shall be in relation to the land use as defined by Regulation
3.77 and shall not exceed the following that is to say:
Land Use Maximum Permissible FSI
A. Residential
………………………………………………………………….FSI=1.00
B. Business or Mercantile
or Residential use in Predominately Commercial Zone
OR
Business or Mercantile use wholly or in combination with the residential use in any
other zone mentioned in Regulation, other than Regional Park Zone and No
Development Zone, provided that, in case of combination, Business or mercantile use
shall not be less than 10% of the admissible FSI. Provided further that the area of all
such plots taken together in the zone from Node shall not exceed 15% of the area of
the relevant zone from the Node,
i. For plots of area below 1000 sqm. ………………………………….FSI =1.00
ii. For plots of area 1000 sqm. and above
& fronting on minimum 15 m. wide road. …………………………FSI= 1.50

Note: 1.) The benefit of this amendment mentioned at (ii) above may be extended to plots of
land leased out or agreed to be leased out by CIDCO earlier with different (lower) FSI, in
Zones other than predominantly Commercial Zone, provided further that all other DCR
provisions including parking are fully complied with.

2.) All plots leased by CIDCO with F.S.I. 1.50 and fronting on roads less than 15.00 m., if
any, prior to the publication of the draft D.C.R. shall be exempted from the 15.00 m. Road
Width Criteria.

EXCLUSION FROM FSI COMPUTAION

The following shall not be counted towards computation of floor space index.

a) A basement as provided in Regulation 42.4 (t) or cellar and area under a building
constructed on stilts up to two levels used as a parking space or recreation space, store room,
air conditioning plant room. (i.e. ancillary use to principal user). Area of Multifloor Parking

[39]
with three side open and upto 2.40 mt floor height after leaving the required marginal
distances,

b) Electric cabin or sub-stations, Watchmen‘s Booth with maximum area of 1.6 sq.mt. and
minimum width or diameter of 1.2 m. and Pump House with maximum area of 10.00 sq.mt.
and minimum width or diameter of 3.00 m.

c) Areas covered by staircases (but excluding internal steps, staircases & passages), lift and
lift passages, against payment of premium as per land rates decided by the Municipal
Commissioner from time to time.

CAR PARKING, LOADING & UNLOADING

One parking area for different modes and number of car spaces to be provided for various
land uses shall be governed by the following table.

SR.NO TYPE OF MODE SIZE OF PARKING BAY

1. Car 2.5 m x 5.0 m

2. Scooter 2.5 m x 1.2 m

3. Bi cycle 2.0 m x 0.7 m

4. Truck 3.75 m x 10.0 m

[40]
 CHAPTER 3

CASE STUDY

3.1. LIVE CASE STUDY 1 :SOS VILLAGE , PUNE

Figure 8 : SOS Village , pune

The SOS Children‘s Village is an International NGO in Pune, Maharashtra, which was
established in 1979 and it has been since then that it is nurturing many parentless and
abandoned children. At present, the total number of youth at our village in Pune is 110. All of
our youth are either attending colleges or are on the verge of completing their schooling.
Besides academia, vocational training is also given to those who aspire to take up
professional courses in future.

PROJECT FEATURES

 Ownership : Government Of India

 Total site area : 9 acres
 Total number of students accommodated : 110
 Number of staff : 10
 Number of non- teaching staff : 20
 Total number of built units : 32

[41]
SITE CONTEXT
 North side : govenment property
 South side : pune golf course
 East side : caste validity government office
 West side :Agrasen High SchoolSITE PLAN

SITE PLAN

Figure 9 : sos village site plan

[42]
SITE LEVEL PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

 The site is properly organized and planned according to the opportunities of the site.
 The planning and designing of the space makes it different from the rest of spaces in
the city context.
 Nearby golf course provides support for maintaining the privacy and the landscape
supports the improvement of atmosphere.
 Necessary vegetations provided with in the site reduces the temperature in the area.
Public , semi public and private areas are separated properly , based on the context of
the site.
 Residential units are moved to the space where the context is an unused lad so as to
maintain necessary security and privacy.

FAMILY CLUSTER, INDIVIDUAL MODULE

 Consist of three 4 bedrooms , 3 toilets , kitchen and living room.

 Every module os alloted for maximum of 9 children and one maid.
 20 similar units are constucted (10for boys & 10 for girls)
 Rubble and concrete is used for construction.Wall thickness is approximately 45 cm

[43]
Figure 10 : Family cluster individual unit

ROOF PATTERNS

 All buildings in the campus are single

storey buildings.
 Major attraction of the campus is the
structure of the individual units, which is
designed with maximum natural lighting and
ventilation.
 As the building are oriented close to
each other ventilations above the lintel level
are the major sources of light and ventilation rather than windows.
 Buildings are oriented in such a way that maximum privacy is ensured.
 Vehicular entry are restricted within the limit of public zone.
 The internal portions of the campus are accessed through pedestrian pathways.

[44]
3.2. LIVE CASE STUDY 2 : SNEHALAYA AHAMMED NAGAR

Figure 11 : Snehalaya, Ahammed Nagar

Snehalaya means 'Home of Love', and was founded in 1989 to provide support for women,
children and LGBT communities, who have been affected by HIV and AIDS, trafficking,
sexual violence, and poverty. We operate in Ahmednagar, a town and district in the
agricultural region of Maharashtra, India, and provide services to over 15,000 beneficiaries
annually.

PROJECT FEATURES

 Ownership : Snehalaya Trust

 Site area : 9 acres
 Total number of built units : 306
 Total number of staff : 306
 Total number of staff residing : 100
 Total number of women occupants : 43 (18-45 yrs)
 Total number of girls : 118
 Total number of boys : 111

[45]
SITE CONTEXT

 North side : steel production industry

 South side : industrial unit
 East side : government property
 West side :industrial unit

SITE PLAN

Figure 12 : Snehalaya site plan

SITE LEVEL PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

 Designed by studio Advaita, with an emphasis on the use of modest , sustainable

material to create distinctively designed yet familer space for the community,
enabling social equity.

[46]
 The geodesic dome was reconstructed to create an engaging and interactive space
that would become the fulcrum of the campus.
 Informal area around the dome comprising a flooring of broken Shahabad stone was
made by placing walls. Those walls were placed at the south side in a way that can be
used through the day.
 The administrative block consist of the PRO department, administration office ,
assistant directors office, conference hall, auditorium.

 Construction of the building units were based on the requirements came across past
years.
 Hence the arrangement of buildings were unorganized .
 Public, Semi public and private zones are not properly separated
 Lack of vegetations and landscape affects the entire campus,As the area is having a
dry hot climate
 A large area of the site is left unused in between buildings which creates a distance
between buildings which needs to be located near to each other.

[47]
Satyameva Jayathe Bhavan
 consist of 3 floors + basement
 basement : storage , sanitary napkin production unit
 ground floor : kitchen, storage,canteen ( 315 people)
 first floor : Soft tech pvt.ltd office
 second floor : Shelter home for ladies rescued from
different parts of the state

Canteen

 sanitary and maternity pads produced in the uni are

sold at the nearby medical shops.

 Vocational training programmes for the ladies
includes saree printing, pottery making, subject oriented
training, etc.

 the snehalaya english medium school.

 offers free education till 10th standard for the
children in snehalaya, and a minimum cost is applied for
other children
 children are sent out for higher education.

 the parking near the hospital is used to park

vechicles of staff .
 solar panels are placed over the roofing m, the
electricity required for the institution is generated within
the campus

[48]
3.3. LITERATURE STUDY 1 :GROOT KLIMMENDAAL ,
NETHERLANDS

Figure 13 : Groot Klimmendaal, Netherlands

Rehabilitation Medical centre RMC Big Klimmendaal provides specialist rehabilitation care
for children ,adolescence and adults with a (potential) limitations in order optimally to
participate in society. From a small footprint, the Rehabilitation Centre gradually fans out
towards the top and cantilevers out over the surrounding terrain. Despite its size, the brown-
golden anodised aluminium facade allows the nearly 14,000 sqm building to blend in with its
natural surroundings.

BUILDING FEATURES
 Number of floors : 5
 Number of patient rooms : 60
 Vertical Circulation : 2
 Activities : Administration, special functions, therapy layer
 Shape : Rectangular plan with inner court

[49]
SITE PLAN

Figure 14 : Groot Klimmendaal Site plan

SITE LEVEL PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

 The surrounding nature has a strong visual and tangible present everywhere in the
building it allows the user to revalidate whistle walking
 The care concept is based on the idea that a positive and stimulating environment
increases the well-being of patients and has a beneficial effect on their revalidation
process. The design ambition was not to create a centre with the appearance of a
health building but a building as a part of its surroundings and the community
 A combination of large and small voids and light wells ensure a spatial connection
between different levels and allow natural daylight deep in the heart of the 30metres
wide building. Interplay of striking but subtle colours and direct and indirect
(artificial) lighting enlivens the interior

[50]
 Figure 15 : Vertical layering of the program

 The building program is stacked up vertically. The distribution is extremely clear

below are the offices, above the clinical areas and on the roof top a Ronald McDonald
(charity)house.

DESIGN FEATURES
 The double-height ground floor at entrance level facilitates the special elements of the
programme such as a sports facility, fitness, swimming pool, restaurant and theatre.
 The meandering facade in the restaurant results in a building in between trees and
invites the forest inside the building.
 The use of energy is amongst others reduced by the compact design of the building
and the design of the mechanical and electrical installations.
 The thermal storage (heat and cold storage) contributes to the reduction of energy
consumption.
 The choice of selecting sustainable building materials and materials requiring little
maintenance for floor finishes, ceilings and facade cladding result in a building which
can be easily maintained and with a long lifespan.
 The building has been custom made for its users but the design offers at the same time
opportunities for different ways of using the building and the inevitable
transformations of different departments within the client‘s organization.

[51]
Figure 16 : Vertical Zoning
[52]
[53]
[54]
•The building is a comimg together of both complexity and simplicity with attention for
physical, practical and social details
•Transperancy , continuity, layering,diversity the play of light and shadow and the experience
of nature are all ingredients of this stimulating environment
•The welcoming and open environment offers a natural habitat for care but at the same time
allows plenty of opportunity for other activities.
•A shallow timber staircase runs the full internal height of the building and is typical for the
new integral way of working. It facilitates a direct route between the different floors but also
enables a variety of alternative routes roaming the building and thus forms an invitation to
undertake physical exercise.
•Full height glazing along the central space connecting the various different internal elements
of the building ensures an almost seamless continuity between interior and exterior.
• The meandering facade in the restaurant results in a building in between trees and invites
the forest inside the building.
•The surrounding nature has a strong visual and tangible presence everywhere in the building

[55]
3.4. LITERATURE STUDY 2 :AVASARA ACADEMY, PUNE

 Settled into the valley slope above the small village of Lavale, Avasara Academy is a
residential school for economically disadvantaged young women in western India.
 Six similarly configured buildings have been realised, each with classrooms on the
ground and first floors and dormitories and recreation rooms on the next two.
 The resulting cluster convinces with its charming mix of buildings, each with the
character of a semi-finished skeleton contrasted by attention to detail.
 Architects : Case Design
 Project year : 2019
 Location : Pune , Maharashtra
 Area : 14200 m2

SITE LEVEL PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

 Comprised of a collection of simple concrete structures shrouded in bamboo and

arranged around an informal series of walkways, courtyards, gardens and terraces, the
[56]
 built environment of the campus was designed for economic efficiency as well as
flexibility and readiness to adapt both during and after the design process.
 This residence school campus consists of seven similar buildings, each with
classrooms on level 1 and 2, and student dormitory and faculty residences on level 3
and 4.

SITE PLAN

Figure 17 : Avasara Academey site plan

[57]
BUILDING ANALYSIS

 Outside air is drawn through a series of earth ducts, where it is passively pre-cooled,
before being supplied into the classrooms and livings spaces.
 The strategy of supplying outside air through earth ducts also allows natural
ventilation while eliminating any outside noise transmission (from the school campus)
into classrooms.
 The rooms have been based around the perimeter of the building, allowing the central
core to be completely open and serve solely for circulation purposes.
 In turn, these centrally located ‗exhaust cavities‘ are integrated in the structural core
of the building and eventually extends out as solar chimneys above roof level to
passively drive air flow, and provide cooling, throughout.
 Natural ventilation is provided in the form of fresh outdoor air that is pre-cooled in
earth shafts and then diffused through the open and closed-off rooms.
 the facades to enable the air to circulate freely in the middle of the buildings; three
solar chimneys integrated in their structural core conduct vitiated air over the roof.

 Photovoltaic solar panels provide electricity for lighting and additional ceiling
ventilators in the classrooms, while solar collectors on the roof furnish the school with
hot water.

Figure 18 : Exhaust Cavities for ventilation

[58]
[59]
•A climate responsive massing, strategic program placement, and locally sourced wooden
shades in combination with overhangs set the stage for passive climate strategy.
•A meticulously designed natural air flow path through all the occupied spaces in the building
using architectural and structural infrastructure create year-round comfortable learning and
living environment.
•Used building materials such as joineries and fittings made the construction low cost.

•The campus is a collection of simple structures arranged around an informal series of

walkways, courtyards, gardens and terraces. Culled from local and universal examples of
academic, domestic, public and sacred spaces, the architecture responds to site, program and
climate, addressing the needs of the community to provide a sanctuary for learning.

[60]
3.5 COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS

[61]
[62]
 CHAPTER 4

SITE STUDY
Navi Mumbai , also known by its
former name New Bombay), is a
planned city off the west coast of
the Indian state of Maharashtra in
Konkan division.The area was
proposed in 1971 to be a new
urban township of Mumbai by the
Government of Maharashtra to
reduce the onjestion due to
overpopulation as the commercial
capital of India, it was attracting
large numbers of citizens
Figure 19 : Location

SITE FEATURES
 site area 23.467598 acre
 located at the district od
Nerul, Navi Mumbai
 a major portion of the
context is occupied by a public
garden , which focus on
developing a green space in the
city centre.
ACCESSIBILITY
 Nearest Railway station :
Seawoods Darave(450 m)
 Nearest airport :
Chathrapathi Sivaji Terminal
 Nearest bus station :
Dargah
Figure 20 : Site Analysis

[63]
ACCESSIBILITY

Figure 21 : Road network

•The site has a better connectivity as it is located at the core of the city.

•Can be easily accessed through seawoods railway station, being the nearest transportation
facility.

•Seawoods bus stand also lines near to the site.

•Seawoods station road and nag devi road are the two major roads passing through two sides
of the site.

•Better connectivity to all majorroutes in navi mumbai

LAND TYPE - Flat land with no major contours

[64]
 SITE DIMENSION CONTEXT

 a major portion of the context is

occupied by a public garden , which focus on
developing a green space in the city centre.
 differentvarities if herbal plants and
trees are planted in designed pattern.
 cuurrently the site is left unused .
 there are a few number of trees , which
can be used for further maintenace.

CLIMATE

Figure 22 : Climate Study

SITE POTTENTIALS
 Context is the major advantage of the site, as it provides possibilities for development
in various aspects.
 Water body near the site helps to acquire a better climatic condition with in the site.
 Site has easy access from all major points of transportation.

[65]
  As the number of health care institutions are less, the opportunity of a healthcare
center in the campus with public access is necessary.

CONSERVATION GRADIENT

The element that can be conserved is the water body with in the
site. 1/4th area of the site is covered by the water body , which
can be utilized as a design element or a supporting factor. This
can be incorporated with the private zones in the campust to
provide better healing and recreation.

 The nearby site is a government property, which is planned to be developed as a green

space in the center of the city. In future the environment of this site will contribute for
creating a better atmosphere for the proposed site.
 Due to this condition, the vegetations and other natural features of the site are being
not maintained or protected.
 Dumping of water in the nearby drainage also pollute the soil and water.
 High rise buildings are mostly seen on the south east side of the site, which has
apartment units corporate offices and other stores.
 The south west area of the site are market place and residential units.
 The northern part of the site are occupied by apartments and other commercial
buildings.
 A smaller portion of the site is cleaned by the people encroached the site, and the
space is used for illegal parking and sheds for labours.
 The corners of the site are occupied by people growing decorative plants and
equipments, these are also illegal.

[66]
Figure 23 : Site photos

[67]
 CHAPTER 5

5.1. DESIGN PROGRAM

ACCESSIBLE SPACES AND MOVEMENT PATTERN

[68]
[69]
5.2. AREA STATEMENT
BUILDINGS AREA (SQ.MTR
HOSPITAL
GROUND FLOOR 665.97
FIRST FLOOR 523.53
MAIN ENTRY 12.33
PORCH 22.94
WAITING AREA 81.22
CONSULTING ROOM 53.75
TOILETS 151.9
STAIR 32.8
LIFT 9.3
RECORD ROOM 19.4
PHARMACY 31.2
MALE WARD 48.94
HIV WARD 102.6
FEMALE WARD 53.74
STORE 33.8
LAUNDRY 59.4
GENERATOR ROOM 12.84
NURSE ROOM 23.6
SERVICE ROOM 12.84

ADMINISTRATION BLOCK
GROUND FLOOR 628
FIRST FLOOR 314
PORCH 21.6
MAIN ENTRY 18.7
COUNCELLING AREA 61.9
LOBBY/RECEPTION 84.6
DEPARTMENT OFFICES 123.5
PRO CABIN 24.45
MANAGERS CABIN 13.3
DIRECTORS CABIN 13.3
MEETING ROOM 18.7
CONFERENCE ROOM 65.44
STAIR 25.7
LIFT 6.79
STORE 37.6
TOILETS 54.56

CANTEEN
GROUND FLOOR 799
FIRST FLOOR 580
DINNING AREA 912
TOILETS 74.4

[70]
STAIR 48.56
LIFT 7
KITCHEN 149.4
STORE 36.78

ACADEMIC BLOCK
GROUND FLOOR 819
FIRST FLOOR 576
DAYCARE 88.31
EXHIBITION AREA 48.18
STAIR 31.75
READING ROOM 66
STAFF ROOM 68.5
TOILETS 83.2
CLASS ROOMS 192.06
WORKSHOPS 118.54
COMMON AREA 74
STORE 23.2

AUDITORIUM
GROUND FLOOR 1050
SEATING 553
STAGE 143
GREEN ROOMS 52
TOILETS 55.84

INDOOR ENTERTAINMENT
GROUND FLOOR 804
MAIN ENTRY/VERANDAH 48.1
GYM 60
TOILET 70.9
GAMING AREA 65
INDOOR COURT 132
STORE 24

BELOW 18YRS GIRLS/ BOYS

ACCOMODATION
GROUND FLOOR 167
FIRST FLOOR 167
ROOMS 164
TOILETS 33.6

LADIES ACCOMODATION
GROUND FLOOR 185
FIRST FLOOR 183
ROOMS 101.7

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TOILETS 22.8

HIV BLOCK
GROUND FLOOR 75
FIRST FLOOR 76
BED SPACE 25.8
TOILETS 8.7
LIVING ROOM 17.6

GUEST ACCOMODATION
GROUND FLOOR 374
FIRST FLOOR 232
DINNING 67.1
LOBBY 21
OFFICE ROOM 6.9
ROOMS 147.2
TOILETS 65.6
STORE 12

STAFF ACCOMODATION
GROUND FLOOR 321
FIRST FLOOR 299
ROOMS 214.4
TOILETS 29.6

SKILL DEVELOPMENT CENTER

GROUND FLOOR 1628
FIRST FLOOR 584
TEACHING CENTER 136
TRAINING CENTER 220
COMPUTER TRAINING 192
TOILETS 175.2
STORE 102
YOGA/MEDITATION 98
LIBRARY 69
DANCE HALL 59

TOTAL FLOOR AREA 18534.5

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5.3. CONCEPT
HEALING AND HOLISTIC SPACES
Healing architecture for healthcare facilities describes a physical setting that supports patients
and families through the stresses that develop as a result of illness, hospitalization, medical
visits, the healing process or bereavement. The concept implies that the physical healthcare
environment can make a difference in how quickly patients recover or adapt to specific acute
and chronic conditions.

GOALS

 Eliminate environmental stressors, such as noise, lack of privacy, poor air quality and
glare.
 Connect patients to nature by providing outdoor views and other natural features,
including interior gardens and water elements.
 Enhance the patient‘s feeling of being in control by offering options and choices –
these may include privacy versus socialization, lighting level, type of music and quiet
versus active waiting areas.
 Encourage opportunities for social support, such as providing appropriate seating in
patient rooms, privacy for small groups and overnight accommodations in patient
rooms.
 Provide positive distractions, such as interactive art, fireplaces, aquariums, internet
connection, music, or soothing video or light installations suited to the healthcare
setting.

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5.4. ZONING
EVOLUTION
 Zoning buildings as per considerations of privacy and security
 Analysis of distance between building blocks and activity spaces
 Analyzing the opportunities of the context to support the design , and adaptable
resources.
 Separating the resources of site based on the activities happening around.

FINAL ZONING
 The main entry is given from the east side of the site considering easy accessibility to
the site
 Separate entry/exit points for health centre and for the home
 Each areas are categorized in to zones(eg: entertainment / administrative/
employment/service/ accommodation etc)

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  Radiating pattern is followed for zoning to get equal reachable distances to all major
points
 Service entry from the northern side to avoid congestion and to maintain privacy
 Private areas are zoned in such a way to attain more privacy and security

Figure 24 : Final Zoning

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 CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION

The essence of this thesis is based on the experience that the built and unbuilt elements of the
design that contributes to the better life of the people brought to the institution. The project
helps in the overall development of the people in the campus by providing the mental and
physical health through the feeling of community living. By creating opportunities for the
public interaction equal rights and comfortable living are made possible. Employment
opportunities making financially stable at the same time facilities for self development makes
a better lifestyle. Atmosphere of healing for the HIV patients and overall development
schemes for the children aims for a better tomorrow

―AN EMPOWERED WOMAN IS POWERFUL BEYOND MEASURE AND BEAUTIFUL BEYOND

DESCRIPTION‖

Steve Maraboli

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Wikipedia Web Site : wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution_in_Mumbai

 Navi Mumbai Muncipal Corporation Web Site :
https://www.nmmc.gov.in/navimumbai/assets/251/2020/02/mediafiles/NMMC_GDC
R.pdf
 Indian Express Website : https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/campaign-
in-kamathipura-garners-over-700-signatures-from-residents-6584755/

 BBC Web Site : https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-24530198

 The Hindu Web Site : https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/red-light-
express-on-life-away-from-kamathipura/article22496855.ece
 Caged Until Brocken , Documentary : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ybgnSEx_-
SA
 https://traffickingnews.wordpress.com/category/rehabilitation-of-sex-workers/

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