UNIT 1

MODAL VERBS
1 Rewrite the sentences using the modal verbs given.
can’t might not must should won’t need to
1 It’s essential that you take school more seriously.
______________________________________________________________________
2 Perhaps I won’t fail the maths exam.
______________________________________________________________________
3 It won’t be necessary for her to cram for the exams.
______________________________________________________________________
4 I don’t think he’s very nervous because he’s smiling.
______________________________________________________________________
5 I advise you to revise every day.

2 Choose the correct option.

1 You mustn’t / don’t have to do your homework tonight. It’s for next week.
2 I might / can come with you, but I don’t know yet.
3 He must / can be a bright spark if he came first.
4 She could / might be a very good teacher – she’s got all the right qualities – but she’s going
to become a nurse.
5 I shouldn’t / mustn’t really tell you this, but Laura thinks you’re a bit of a swot.
6 You got 100% in the exam? You can’t / couldn’t be serious!

HAD BETTER
1 Rewrite the sentences using had better (not).
1 You’ll have to change your attitude if you want to get good marks at school.
______________________________________________________________________
2 You need to talk to Sam before you apply for the course.
______________________________________________________________________
3 Going abroad before you go to university is not a good idea.
______________________________________________________________________
4 You mustn’t become a teacher! You’ll be really unhappy in the job.
______________________________________________________________________
5 If you don’t improve your behaviour there’ll be big problems.
______________________________________________________________________

MODAL PERFECTS
1 Complete each sentence with an appropriate modal perfect verb.
1 I ______________________________________________________got up at 8 o’clock.
It’s 10 o’clock now. I’m going to be late.
2 My sister ____________________________________________________had an exam
this morning, but I’m not sure.
3 The school _______________________________________________been very worried
when the head teacher disappeared.
4 You __________________________________________learnt much English in Brighton
if you spoke Spanish all the time!
5 I ___________________________________________________crammed all weekend!
We haven’t got a test after all!
2 Complete the dialogue with the modal perfect verbs given.
can’t have might have must have needn’t have should have
Sue: You didn’t tell me there was a test today!
You 1_______________________________________________________told me!
Mark: But I didn’t know! Miss Jones 2__________________________________________
decided to give it to us at the last minute.
Sue: How did you do in the test?
Mark: I don’t know. I 3___________________________________________done OK, but
I’m not sure. What about you?
Sue: Terrible!
Mark: Oh, come on! You 4_______________________________________done so badly!
Sue: Maybe not, but you know, she really 5____________________________________
made us do another test.
I mean, we had one just two weeks ago!

3 Choose the correct option.

1 I must have / should have got up at 8 o’clock. It’s 10 o’clock now. I’m going to be late.
2 My sister might have / can have had an exam this morning, but I’m not sure.
3 The school must have been / must be worried when the head teacher disappeared.
4 I must have / could have done well in the exam but my memory went blank!
5 You mustn’t have / can’t have learnt much English in Brighton if you spoke Spanish all the
time!
6 I needn’t have / couldn’t have crammed all weekend! We haven’t got a test after all!

ROUND-UP
1 Fill in the gaps with an appropriate modal or modal perfect verb in the affirmative or
negative and the correct form of the verb in brackets.

My grandparents have told me about when they were at school. It 1__________________

____________________________________(be) very difficult.
You 2___________________________________________(learn) a lot of things by heart.
That 3________________________________________________(be) easy! What’s more,
you 4__________________________________________(use) computers or the Internet.
I suppose we 5___________________________________________(be) happy that we’re
going to school in the 21st century. They say that exams are easier now, too.

DEDUCTIONS / TALKING ABOUT THE FUTURE

1 Choose the correct option.
1 She picks up languages very quickly, so she’sb bound to / like to / about to learn German
easily.
2 I’m likely to / about to / unlikely to say something important, so please listen!
3 You’re unlikely to / about to / bound to remember more if you study when you’re tired.
4 I was bound to / was about to / might well get on the train when I saw my teacher.
5 She is bound to / could well / is about to become the new head teacher, but a final
UNIT 2
THE PASSIVE: FORMATION
1 Put the following sentences into the passive. Omit the agent where possible.
1 Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web.
______________________________________________________________________
2 They are selling your origami model right now.
______________________________________________________________________
3 They should complete the project by next week.
______________________________________________________________________
4 They haven’t shown my invention at the congress yet.
______________________________________________________________________
5 Are they going to design the new car next year?
______________________________________________________________________
6 The government could have decided this much earlier.
______________________________________________________________________

2 Rewrite the sentences in the passive.

1 He wrote the proposal in two hours.
The proposal was_______________________________________________________ .
2 People are using the invention now.
The invention is being____________________________________________________ .
3 Your idea will convince them.
They will______________________________________________________________ .
4 They have built a new car.
A new car_____________________________________________________________ .
5 I’m going to interview her tomorrow.
She is_________________________________________________________________

VERBS WITH TWO OBJECTS

1 Rewrite the active sentences in the passive, and the passive sentences in the active.
1 They gave her a lot of money for her invention.
______________________________________________________________________
2 His friends have lent him too much money.
______________________________________________________________________
3 You were sent their email yesterday.
______________________________________________________________________
4 Mrs Dubois is going to teach us French.
______________________________________________________________________
5 We have been told this story by you many times.
______________________________________________________________________
6 They won’t hand you the documents until tomorrow.
______________________________________________________________________

2 Put the words in the correct order to make passive sentences.

1 good / given / she / present / a / was
She__________________________________________________________________ .
2 been / he / money / too / has / lent / much
He___________________________________________________________________ .
3 the / yesterday / you / email / sent / were
You__________________________________________________________________ .
4 to / Mrs / going / we / French / be / by / Dubois / are / taught
We___________________________________________________________________ .
5 by / before / story / been / we / this / told / have / you
We___________________________________________________________________ .
6 be / documents / until / you / handed / tomorrow / won’t / the
You__________________________________________________________________ .

CAUSATIVE PASSIVE
1 Complete the sentences with the verbs given. Use a causative passive construction in the
correct tense.
cut demolish examine paint repair steal
1 The house looks fantastic because we ___________________________last week.
2 I can’t find my passport. I think I_____________________________________________!
3 That building looks dangerous. The council needs_______________________________
4 My computer wasn’t working last week so I___________________________________ .
5 My hair is too long. I __________________________________________for a long time.
6 My dog was ill recently, so I________________________________________by the vet.

IMPERSONAL PASSIVE
1 Rewrite the sentences as indicated.
1 They say that the World Wide Web will always expand.
It____________________________________________________________________ .
2 They consider her to be a genius.
She__________________________________________________________________ .
3 They thought that the invention wasn’t useful at first.
The invention___________________________________________________________ .
4 They have estimated that the asteroid is 100 metres long.
It____________________________________________________________________ .
5 One day people will think that electric cars are essential.
One day electric cars____________________________________________________ .
6 People used to think that the Earth was flat.
It____________________________________________________________________ .

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1 It ________________________________________________________________ (say)
that the World Wide Web will always expand.
2 It _____________________________________________________________(estimate)
that the asteroid is 100 metres long.
3 It ____________________________________________________________(not / think)
now that the Earth is flat.
4 She __________________________________________________________ (consider)
to be a genius.
5 The invention __________________________________________________(not / judge)
to be useful at first.
6 The match__________________________________________________(not / expect) to
last so long.
ROUND-UP
1 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Nikola Tesla can 1__________________________________________(consider) one of the
greatest inventors of the modern era. It 2________________________________________
(estimate) that he obtained around 300 patents for his inventions. He also spoke eight languages
and
3
__________________________________________________(say / have) a photographic
memory. He was a man of regular habits and always 4______________________________
_______________________________(his dinner / serve) by the head waiter at the Waldorf
Astoria hotel in New York. At the end of his life he 5________________________________
__________________________________(become) very solitary, lived in a hotel room and
6
__________________________________________________(fascinate) by the number 3.

COMMON PASSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS

1 Write complete sentences in the passive, using the past simple tense.
1 we / tell / come / at 8 o’clock
______________________________________________________________________
2 he / force / learn French / at school
______________________________________________________________________
3 you / not mean / give / him / the message
______________________________________________________________________
4 I / bring up / parents / say / please and thank you
______________________________________________________________________
5 they / allow / their teacher / eat in class ?
______________________________________________________________________
6 she / advise / rest / doctor ?
______________________________________________________________________

MIXED TENSES
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the box.
LIVE (X5) SPEND (X4) BECOME (X3)

1 Ever since I got a credit card, I ____________________ a lot of money on many unnecessary
things.
2 Many people usually ___________________ most of their time online on various social media
platforms.
3 During our vacation last summer, we ______________________ most of our time in the
swimming pool.
4 As usual, next year I ________________________ my vacation in my country house.
5 By the eighteenth century, English shipping ___________________________ as efficient as
the Dutch.
6 When I heard the news about you, I _________________________ anxious.
7 I _________________________ a doctor next year at the age of 25.
8 We ___________________ in Norway for nearly 25 years until we moved to Scotland two years
ago.
9 Jason ___________________________ in Moscow since he was born.
10 I love here so much that I believe I _________________________ here till the end of my life.
11 By the time I graduate from school next year, I __________________________ here for five
years.
12 My friend, Darren ____________________ in Amsterdam now, but he says he’ll move soon.
2 Complete the text with the correct present, past or future form of the verbs in brackets.
Sometimes there is more than one possible answer.
I 1 (want) to be a vet ever since I was little. I 2 (not have) any brothers or sisters and so I 3 (do)
everything with my dog, Goldie, when I 4 (grow up). Goldie was my best friend! These days we 5
(have) another dog, Sparkle, a cat, two rabbits and two budgerigars, and I 6 (look) after them all.
At the moment the cat isn’t well, so I 7 (let) her sleep in my room so I can take care of her. When I
8 (wake) up this morning she 9 (sleep) on my bed and she 10 (look) very happy! Next month I 11
(start) working on a farm one day a week. I 12 (work) with cows, sheep and horses and I hope that
I 13 (gain) some useful experience with farm animals by the time I go to university