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28,2
JOCM
methods
Systematic change
Figure 5.

Planning “What” & PAR Integrative Six Step Wheel Lean Thinking ERA Method TQM Six Sigma Process
“How” Method French (1969) Bullock and Batten
Reengineering
Lippitt et al. Schein (1969) (1985) Womack and Juran
Conner (1998) Beer et al. (1990) Galpin (1996) Chen et al. (2006) Motorola Davenport
(1958) Brown Beckhard and Harris Jones Deming(1986)
Tichy (1974) (1987)
1. Recognize 1. Explore: 1. Specify the 1. Identify and
when a significant 1. Jointly 1. Evaluate select
1. Scout 1. Identify Search & 1. Establish the value desired
shift impacts key diagnosis total 1. Plan 1. Define processes for
problems create need to change by the
success factors change performance redesign
awareness customer

2. Consult an 2. Identify
2. Identify which external 2. Develop & 2. Identify the enablers for
factors are in expert 2. Develop a spread a vision value stream for new process
need of shared vision of a planned each product that design
2. Enter
adjustment change adds value
3. Gather
data & 3. Define the
perform initial 3. Diagnose & business
3. Diagnose diagnosis analyze the strategy and
current process vision
3. Determine 2. Re-evaluate
what changes situation 3. Make the
4. Give system design
are necessary in feedback to product flow
management & 4. Understand
each factor management continuously
culture the current
3. Foster
4. Generate process’s flow
consensus for
recommendations & structure
5. Jointly change
diagnose
problems
2. Do 2. Measure
5. Design the
6. Perform a 5. Detail the new process
joint action recommendations
4. Plan planning
4. Formalize 4. Introduce pull
decision to 2. Plan: 4. Spread 6. Prototype
6. Pilot test the between all steps
proceed with Design, revitalization the new
recommen- from the next
changes 7. Act make to all process
dations upstream activity
5. Act decisions department
3. Check/
3. Analyze
Study
7. Implement
3. Act: 7. Prepare the the process &
Implement & recommendations associated
evaluate for rollout systems

6. Stabilize
8. Gather
& Evaluate 5. Execute 5. Begin the 3. Act: Develop a
changes to data after 8. Communicate
process again change strategy, an
achieve full action 5. Institutionalize 8. Roll out the 4. Improve ongoing results
until reaching action plan &
intent revitalization recommen- of the effort
perfection conduct training
through policies dations

9. Build
4. Integrate: 6. Monitor & 9. Measure, commitment
7.
Stabilize & adjust reinforce, & 4. Act 5. Control
Terminate toward change
renew strategies refine the change at each step