fh Woks | Ving
Gaia, tl,
Si a
Tatal Kaa
f Pies a
Wea Beg‘of Queretaro (May 15, 1967 and executed Emperor Marimiian
nine 19, 1857 (Ries shiny aniversary), Ths fled
out Emperor Napoeoa I's umbiton to clonize Lain Ameren.
In Rizal's times two European nations (lalians and Get-
san) siceeded in uniyng their own eowntes The Taka
Snder the leadership of Count Cavour and of Carbal ad
‘Army of Red Shir drove out the Attias and Pench armies
trom Hay and procaimcd the Kingdom ot aly under King
Vitor Emmanuel, with Rome a aptly” The Pras led
‘by Ono von Bamarck, the "ion Chancel”, detested France
it the FrancPrian War andextabahed the German Empire
Janay 1,181, with King Wile of Pri afr Kone
ts Geum Wi i een be Fans Pan
ar, Emperor Napolon IV's Second French "
‘nd over rin the Third French Repub arose, wih Asaph
There a rn Present
‘The times of Rizal saw the lowering of Wester imperialism
England emerged as the world's leading imperialist power. On
Account of her invincible navy and magnificent army, she was
fable to conquer many counties throughout the world: and to
‘establish a global colonial empure. Thus the British people during
the plonious reign of Queen Victoria. (1837-1901) proudly
asserted: “Britannia rules the waves.” By winning the Ftst
(pv War (1840-1842) against the tottering Chinese Empire
tnder the Manchu dynasty, she acquired the island of Hon
Kong (Fragraat Harbor). Inthe Second Opiuin War (18561860)
she wou again and forced the helpless Manchu dynasty to cede
the Kowloon Peninsula opposite Hong Kong. In 1859, ater
suppressing the Indian. Rebelion and domanding the Mogul
Empire, she imposed her raj (rule) over the subcontinent of
Toda (now consisting of India, Pakistan, and Bangledess). By
winning the Three Anglo-Burmese Wars (1824-26, 1852. and
1885), she conquered Burma, Other lands in Asia which became
Brissh colonies were Ceylon (Sti Lanks), Maldives, Aden,
Malaya, Singapore, and Egypt, Australis and New Zealand ia
the South Pacific alo became British colonies.
Other impe-talsts, folowing Britain's example, grabbed the
weak countries Southeast Asta and colonized them, In 1858
N03, France, vith the help of Filipino tops wader Spanish
colficers.? conquered Vietnam: annexed Cambodia (1863) and
‘Laos (1893); and. merged all these countries into a federated
‘colony under the name of French Indochina, The Dutch, after
chia pcm, he poured out the ery of his agoniing
het, a Follows:
THEY ASK ME FOR VERSES.
‘You tbs i wc
‘That mote and torn wo hing
‘And yet can wake the strain,
Nov wil the Mose one note inp!
Coty it shaken accents de
‘Asi ey soul ell 10 wring,
‘And son sound sce But 0 fing
Aes at 48 o6n tw lame,
Solin sa lation pent
My al cam eter fel noe sng
There wit atime = th, "te foo tre —
Bar that tine lng ago hs pat
‘When upon me the Mise hi a
Indutgem snile ana fendohips de
But ot that age How alto fee
‘The thought with me yet nl ay
[Aviram the hour flee play
There inger on syseious ots
‘And in oor ind the memory Roas
Gtnintrhy sed no py
A plan am, that rely grown
{stom ir ott Eater fe
‘het oll aren peifere ted
[Andi hat m3 ren Row
‘Te and nt ean ey oe
iy mw forgoten nce to he
‘Where tag i fi song taught me,
6s‘And cascades with thei ceaseless four,
‘And all ong the spreading shore
‘he murmurs ofthe sounding ses
ie ei ids happy dy,
‘And in my breast there seems the while
Seething voleame esto play,
‘A tard I wat, my wich alway
‘To cal upon the eeting sind
forth, and spread around Wt Game,
From zone fo zone with pia acim,
And carth to heaven tether Bind"
Bat it elt, aad now 90 more
Like a tee that broken and ere—
‘My natal gods bring the echo clear
(OF songs that i past tes they Boe:
Wide seas tered to foreign shore
Wan bope of change afd other fate
My folly as made cleat too late
For inthe pce of good I sught
‘The seat reveal unto ugh,
But mace death's specie on me wai,
‘te otc ha mie,
‘Were teat the Samy sis
Which eta ower regen Sng
Sorpeen no move tha eso he
For songs of ve trom ut 3 hea
That ely sng sper
‘Soce now wih cred salt haste
Unreting er tne desert wate
An les gone a te at
Riral as Laver of Books. A favorite pastime of Rizal in
Madrid was reading Instead of gambling and frting wath women
8 many young Filipinos did inthe Spanish metropolis he stayed
Er home tnd fend worn el ng ‘Sc rary
‘hood, he liked to read x % ae
Riral economia! on ining expenses, and withthe mone
be saved, he purchased books tom a secon hand Doo wore
eed yeti Ser Roses He was ale o bul a eaed
Private vary Hin collection of hooks indoged. Te Bi
Hebrew Grammar, Lives of the Presiden of the Unied States
from: Washington to Johnson, Compete Works of Volare (9
volumes), Complete Works of Horace (3 volumes), Complete
Works of C. Bernard (16 volumes) History ofthe French Revol
tion, The Wandering Jew, Ancient Poetry, Works of Thucydides,
The Byzantine Empire, ‘The Characters by La Bruyere, The
Renaissance, Uncle Tom's Cabin by Hartet Beecher Sto
Works of Alexander Dumas, Louis XIV and His Court, and
rumerous Sooks on medicine, philosophy, languages, history
‘geog-aphy ts, and sciences.
Rizal was deeply affected by Beecher Siowe's Uncle Tom's
Cabin and Eugene Sue's The Wandering Jet. These two books
aroused hissympathy forthe oppressed and unfortunate people
Rza's First Vet to Parts (188). During his frst summer
vacation in Madsid Rizal went to Pars, sojourning in this pay
Capital of France from June 17 to August 20, 1858. At firs, he
twas bileted at the Hotel de Pars on 37 Rue de Maubange;
Tater, he moved 10 a cheaper hotel on 124 Rue de Rennes in
the Latin Quarter, where it was cheaper to live
Like all tourists, Rizal was charmingly ttllated by the
attractive sights of Paris, such as the beautifl boulevards (par-
ticularly the Champs Elyses), the Opera House, the Place de
ls Concorde, the Arch of Triumph, the Bois de Boulogne (mag-
nificent park), the Madelsine Charch, the Cathedral of Notre
Dame, the Column of Vendome, the Invalides (containing the
tomb of ‘Napoleon the Great), and the fabulous. Versailles
Unlike ordinary turists, whose main interest in visiting foreign
countries isto see the beautiful sights, 10 enjoy themselves in
fight cubs and theatres, and to shop for sourveni items, Rizal
lenproved his mind by observing closely the French way of life
sand spending many hours atthe museums, aotably the workdlam-
‘ous Louvre; the botanical gardens, especially the Laxembourg,
the Haris and art gallenes; and the hospitals, incloding the
Lecnnece Hospital, where he observed Dr. Niaise eating his
patients and the Laribosere Hospital, where he observed the
‘examination of diferent diseases of women
‘Om the lighter side of his vst in Paris, Rizal was mistaken
by the Parisians a Japanese. The prices of food, drinks, theatre
kets, laundry, hotel accommodations, and transportation were{2058 MIZAL: LS, moni AN WHITING,
‘oo high for his slender purse so that he commented in a leter
‘to his family: “Pars is the cosiest capital in Europe."
Rizal as 4 Mason, In Spain Rizal came in close contact with
‘prominent Spanish liberal and republican Spaniards, who were
‘mostly Masons, including Miguel Morayt statesman, profesor,
historian, and writer; Francisco Pi y Marga, journalist, sates:
‘th and former President ofthe short-lived Firs Spanish Repu
lic; Manvel Becerra, Minister of Ulramar (Colonies): Emilio
Junoy, journalist and member of the Spanish Cortes, and Juan
Ruie Zonila, parliamentarian and head of the Republican Prog.
ressive Party im Made,
Rizal was impressed by the way the Spanish Masons openly
and ffcely criticized the government policies and lambasted the
friars, which could not be done inthe Philippines In due time,
fn March 1886, he joined the Masonic lodge called Acacie
Madrid. His reason for becoming @ mason was io secure
Freemasonry's aid in is fight against the fnars in the Philippines.
‘Since the friars sed the Catholic religion as a shield to entrench
themsclies in power and wealth and to persecute the Filpine
Patriots, he intended to utilize Freemansonry as his shield to
combat ‘them
lr he transferred to Lodge Solidaridad (Madi), where
he became a Master Mason on November 15, 1890. Stil ater,
‘on February 15, 1892, he was awarded the diploma as Manet
Mason by Le Grand Orient de Prance in Pasig”
‘As a Mason, Rizal played a lukewarm role in Freemasonry,
unlike MH del Pilar. G. Lopes Saena, and Mariano Ponce who
were very active in Mason affis, His only Masonic writing
wi a lecture titled “Science, Vir and Labor,” which he delt
‘veted i 1889 at Lodge Solidaridad, Madrid. A petinent portion
of this lecture reads follows:
‘The duty of modern man, tomy way of thihing, is
work forthe redemption of humamty, because ome man
is dune there woul be lets wfortunate and mere happy
‘men that is ponuble in this ie, Humanity cannot be
‘edeemed 10 fog as there are opprewed peoples, so long
1 tere are some men ube live om the tears of any, so
long as there are emasculated minds and Blinded eyes that
enabled cers 10 te lke sultan who alone may eajoy
ey nda 2)
Sen, ny cnet rede we ro ct
free feb tou wan pone oe on,
il re lee, ond weer esa oho jure
Shem For bumanty fo be shew atin he ty iy
‘Svar wich od ae seceary ta thn
Siitcc weld oe dct eo oreey popes
So decimate td no rea ad be hea in
1 mur, Wi cemry ft wpe exes ch
1 he tun fhe by ry and bey high
fener eee
aan Wore, Aer Riz departure for Spin, things
tered rom tad to wore a alam, Te rvs ise
tepucaes flo on saint of droght sc Soca On op of
GF ccomonie daar, the munaet ofthe Domiican-ouned
teed isn th rea fhe and at ye
al fanly. "This bacenda manner, 2 fregurot gusts
Fea eee oe fr fet ag sree (es
hero's fates, who wat a god rar of uke.
But there came atime when & dreadful pest killed most of
the turkeys. When the manager requested for a tutkey, Don
Franc had 1 deny hi Pais he nde he ew sig
turkeys for breeding purposes. Enraged by hi fllre to recive
‘trkey the vindictive manager array icressed the reals
‘the lands leted by Don Francisco and Pociano.
Due 1 hard times in Calambe, the monthly allowancce of
a Maid wee ale ral an the we ier we
they never aeived, causing much slfering to him. At one time
ae was forced to sell his younger brother's pony in order
to send money to Maid.
‘A touching incident in Rizal's life im Maid oscured on
June 24, 1884, Became he was broke, he was unable to take
Iweakfast that day. With an empty stomach, he attended is
clas atthe university, partcpated in the comes in Greck Im
tage and won the gold medal Inthe evening ofthe same day
be was able to eat inner, for he wat a guest speaker in 4
anguet Held in Ronor of sr Lana and Felix Resurecson
idaigo at Restaurant Inge, Madd
Rizal's Salute to Luna and Hidalgo. The bangoet on the
‘evening of June 25, IR was sponsored by the Fiipiao commun-lity to celebrate the double victory of the Filipino artist inthe
National Exposition of Fine Artin Marid — Lums’s Spoaee
winning frst prize and Hidslgo's Christian Virgins Eeposed te
‘the Populace,sesond prize. was atended by prominen,Spavih
fans, ‘newspapermen, and menofleters. statesmen ond
Fripinos
‘Speaking in sonorous Casitian, Rizal held his audience
spelibound. He saluted Luna and Hidalgo as the two glories of
Spain and the Philippines, whose artstic achicvemente tos
ended geographical frontiers and racial origins, for gemin
sniveral — “genius kitows no. country,” seats Saproun,
everywhere. genias & ike light, air, the patrinony of evermety
‘cosmopolitan like space, like life like God.” He ale oo
with efined sarcasm the bigot and. blindness of nance
§unworthy Spaniards (referring othe Bad firs inthe Phlinonea)
‘ho could not comprehend the universality of eon
This magnificeat speech of Rizal was grected with wild
‘erations, for seldom did the Spaniards heat sock ap seat
{rom the lips of a brown Fiipina which was simon pees
nobility of thought, in Spanish shetonc, tm sinceiy oy
feeling.
fad in sonorous eloquence, Is (ull eat ius folloga.
In speaking tere you, Ia not scared bythe fu
that you may Tsien to me sith hewatmnens | en
‘ia your tam othe soya ony
‘annot hep bu be indulgent. Sympathetic elas sore
the smopher: rmermal caren ren afd
fecrous sous ich; and comequeny Ida not er
‘my humble petwn nor do I doubt your beacons Me
sow, you sek only got, and fom We hee
whete noble Sentiments reac. you‘do nt pee na
tiles, ”you ee the whole and you judge thee a
txtend your hand 10 one who tke met denies eso
Im one single thought, inne single wsprution = ert
of fei, the splendor ote Mashoroe,
ler, in Icy the reiton why we ate phere In
the history of nation there are names tat
Signy 30 achievement that teal owen ae
umes tat, ike map formal: evs pean we
though, sams that became sp ml on
Sood ofiove hetneen the nah Te nines of st
70
iaulgo belong to thee: thei glories lume the wo
txtremes ofthe gabe — the Eas andthe West. Spin snd
‘he Philippines Te uterng ther T believe Tee to lami nous
aches Gat starting from both repons, ae going To be
fatwined there above, impelled by the feeling of common
rig, and fom that height wie two peoples with ternal
{wo people tha ea und space separate nn wo,
‘Peoples in ch the seeds of dmion that men and test
body, eommopotitan ike space like fe ke God
‘The patriarchal ers in the Piippins & waning. The
deeds of her illustrious sone are no longer wasted ay a
ome. The octal ehyslis i leaing the cocoon The
smortow of «Tong day for thse repions announced ie
{ian Gite and rose clored downs, and that race, flo
fmto lethargy during the stor night whe the sa mies
‘ther oatients, again awakens, moved by The cl
impact that contact with Western peopes produces nd she
demands ight, fe, the ciation that atone ine they
ieqocath her thas confiming the erally of ents
‘evalton, of change, of pert, of progres
‘You know this well and you ext nit. To you is de
the benuty ofthe diamonds tha the Pilippes csr iy
sown: She produced the precious tones; Larope pave nem
polsh. And al of ws contemplate prouly your work we
fe the Mame, the breath the mate ured
They imbibed over there the poetry of ature — a
ature grandiose and terse scala, in sev
‘om, nits dymam 3 atre, see, ermal, snd nan
fly ins manifestation conta, stati a nature that
‘amps is sealon alla t tates and produce. ts chlren
arty it wherever they go. Analyze if not the chatter
thet works ed however igh you may aor tht pose
you will sci in everyting as forming their Knowles. 2
{he sol that presses over everthing at the sprng othe
‘mechanism, a the sobstantal form, asthe raw att
{ne pomible not to refet on what onc sl fel
ot posable o be one thing and do something ese) The‘ontadctons are only apparent, they are only paradoxes
EL Spar, tough tat cnr that wet an
be head the trl of the mule, the ening the
swe: the mealc creaking ot the srmor ofthe trea
the sobs ofthe Beteaved the murmar of payer, wt ach
Vitor an ream, av one ears the in ende he
tt ofthe cnt of the eaaracs or the hngresine and
‘eaatl temor ofthe ear
The anc mare ha epee ck primes ine
‘encs alo in he suokes: On the xk asl te Hains
trclancoly, beauty, aad weakness, vite of fete fore
the majestic harmony of its mountains and ranges
or that remon a Lana ae the shadows, the cotrans,
the monbund gh mater. and the cre The he
‘evebeiton ofthe dark tempest the tp, the light
‘ing the rowing eruptions of thew case. Fos tet
tenor cg ipa
ke the Phtipinsin hr moon mgs on er to
‘ssh er orto hatte eta sad oes
the ire lh. And Both despite being ate to
mses. appearence on,
alou heart do im pte of ota eiferenecs In eee
ther palette the spenders faye of wnfodg gly
‘with which they surround thir Nave Land hoth prey
‘he spt of or soir nd pia ie. maid
ssbjected to hash ten; wnvedored maninds case
‘eptation oan open sage with prnccpatons, fen