Unit 2 Learning for life

Learning for life

1. Rewrite each of the following sentences using either
if or wish.
1 I couldn’t write very well in the exam, because I was extremely nervous.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2 We’ll have to cancel the school outing, unless the weather gets better.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3 It’s a pity they are refusing to reconsider their plans.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4 Having to revise every night made me really bad tempered throughout my exams.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5 It’s so annoying that my car never starts on cold mornings.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6 Thanks to all the money e received, we were able to build a new library.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7 I’ll continue with my plans unless I hear from you.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8 One of the reasons that I couldn’t go to the lecture was that I had too much work to do.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
If I hadn't been so nervous, I would have written much better in the exam.
2 If the weather doesn't get better/improve, we’ll have to cancel the school outing.
3 I wish they would reconsider their plans
4 If I hadn't had to revise e every night, I wouldn´t have been so bad tempered throughout my exams.
5 I wish my car would start on cold mornings
6 If we hadn't received so much money, we wouldn´t have been able to build a new library.
7 If I don't hear from you, I'll continue with my plans
8 If I hadn't had so much work to do, I might have been able to go to the lecture.

2.
2. Fill each of the gaps with a suitable word or phrase. In this exercise,
you are given the number of words which are missing to help you.
(Contractions like won’t are counted here as two words.)

1 I think I would enjoy the course more if .............................................................................more feedback by the tutors.
2 It’s high …………………………………………………………….responsibility for his own problems.
3 Hadn’t you ……………………………………….…………… phone? It’s already rung five or six times.
4 It looks as ……………………………………………………….………. well in his earns next summer.
5 I’d rather …………………………………………….…………… at me —I’m not deaf, you know.
6 Gerald doesn’t want you to organize the party, ………………………………… because he’d the arrangements himself.
7 Why are you always interfering? It’s time ………………….…………………… out of my affairs!
8 I can’t understand why some of the tutors treat us as ………………………………….. still children.
1 I was given
2 time he took
3 better answer the
4 if he'lI/he will do
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5 you didn't/did not shout
6 rather make
7 you kept
8 if we were

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3. 3 Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a
word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the
beginning (0).

I upbringing 2 strikingly 3 formality 4 besieged

5 overcrowding 6 inability 7 disregarded 8 meaningless 9 boredom 10 requirement

Conditionals
Subjuntives and Unreal Past

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4. 4 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given.
Use between three and eight words, including the word given.

1 Our neighbour talks as if he owned half the county, doesn’t he?

think
To hear our neighbour ………………………………….……………………….county, wouldn’t you?

2 What would you do if you couldn’t look after yourself?

incapable
Suppose you ………………………………………..………………… yourself, what would you do?

3 It is essential that you tell us everything.

importance
It is of the ………………………………………………………………………….. be kept fully informed.

4 If they reject her appeal, she’ll lose all her insurance claims.
down
Should her appeal …………………………………………………………… lose all her insurance claims.

5 Are you saying you don’t want me here?

sooner
Are you saving …………………………………………………………………………………… here?

1. talk, you’d think he owned halt the

2. were incapable of looking after
3. utmost importance that we
4. be turned down, she’ll
5. you’d sooner i wasn’t

Real conditionals in the past, present and future

1. Will lose
2. Will be
3. Take, will have
4. Will
5. Spend, will like

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5. 5 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given.
Use between three and eight words, including the word given.

1 Assuming everything goes according to plan, we’ll be there by six o’clock. wrong
Unless ………………………………………………………………………………..later than six
o’clock.

2 The Finn is almost certain to win, unless his engine blows out during the race. lose
The only way the Finn……………………………………………………… . . a blow-out during the
race.
3 Giving him your number suggests you did want to see him again.
desire
Why give him your number ………………………………………………………………… see him
again?
4 There’s clearly nothing I can do to stop you leaving.
determined
If………………………………………………………………….…………. anything I can do to stop
you.
5 You can borrow my car for your holiday if you arrange a service afterwards.
condition
You can borrow my car for your holiday ……………………………………………… . serviced
afterwards.
6 Your dinner’s in the oven.
want
lf………………………………………………………………………………………………... . the oven.

7 If you’re innocent, what have you got to be afraid of? wrong

If you ………………………………………………………………………………………..nothing to
fear.
8 If you mean to be as bad-tempered as this all afternoon, there’s no point in playing.
going
What’s the point ………………………………………………………………... in this mood ah afternoon?
Something / anything goes wrong, we’ll be there no
Will / is going o lose is If he has
If you had no desire to
You are determined o leave, here isn’t
On condition you get / have it
You want you dinner, it’s in
Have done nothing wrong, you have
Of playing if you’re going to be

Unreal conditionals in the present and future

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6. 6 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence, using the new beginning and the two other prompt
words. Do not change the given words.

Example: I don't know if we’re late because I don’t have a watch.

If I had a watch, I'd know whether we were late.
had/whether

1 I think you should formally complain to the manager.

If ……………………………………………………………………………………….…were/complaint

2 Supposing we do go ahead with the building, it can’t be before June.

If we are ………………………………………………………………………………………will / earliest

3 Should anything happen to make you change your mind, let me know.
If by ………………………………………………………………………………………….chance / might

4 Supposing the world was going to end tomorrow, what would you do tonight?
Were the world …………………………………………………………………………….. about / spend

5 I think not having school on Mondays sounds like quite a good idea.
I think it ……………………………………………………………………………………might / better

6 Nico’s useless at maths so he can’t become an accountant.

Were ……………………………………………………………………………………….better / able

1 If I were you I would make a formal complaint to the manager.

2 If we are to go ahead with the building it will not be until June at the earliest.
3 If by any chance anything happens that might change your mind, let me know.
4 Were the world about to end tomorrow, how would you spend tonight?
5 I think it might be better if we didn't have school on Mondays.
6 Were Nico better at maths, he would / might be able to become an accountant.

7.

1 will / would
2 not
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3 to
4 would
5 appreciate
6 were
7 is
8 do
9 could
10 are
11 would
12 is / was
13 should
14 required
15 will / would

Unreal conditionals in the present and future

8.

1. Is to get off the

2. Would have them seen
3. How would you
4. Miracle if he
5. Be/feel in need
6. Would / should have it (taken)
7. Chance you bump
8. Are (going) to meet he / our/ this

9• Write sentences that are a part of a chain, as in the examples.

Examples: I cheated from him in the entry test. We finished up in the same class.
If hadn’t cheated from him in the entry test, we wouldn't have finished in the same class.
We used to do our homework together.
If we hadn’t finished up in the same class, we wouldn't have done out homework together.
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1 We started to find out quite a lot about each other. (Begin: If we ... homework together, …...)
………………………………………………………………………………………………

2 We discovered that we had a lot in common.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

3 He invited me to go to the National Gallery.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

4 We saw the most incredible paintings.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

5 I’m a true art-lover now.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

6 I went to the National Gallery again yesterday.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

7 I met another art-lover there.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

8 I’m going out to dinner tonight.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

9 I didn’t phone you.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

10 You haven’t warned me yet about going out with art-lovers.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. If we hadn’t done our homework together we wouldn`t have found out so much about each other.
2. If we hadn’t had found so much about each other, we wouldn’t have discovered that we had a lot in
common
3. If we hadn’t gone to National Gallery, we wouldn’t have seen the most incredible paintings.
4. If I hadn’t seen those incredible paintings, I wouldn’t be a true art lover now.
5. It I weren’t a true art-lover, I wouldn’t have gone to the national Gallery again yesterday.
6. If I hadn’t gone to the National Gallery again yesterday I wouldn’t have met another art lover there
7. If I hadn’t met another art-lover in the National Galley yesterday I wouldn’t be going out to dinner
tonight
8. If I weren’t going to dinner tonight, I wouldn’t have phoned you
9. If I Had phoned you would have warned me about going out with art lovers.

7. 10 Fill each of the numbered blanks in the passage with one suitable
word.

The use of audio-description — a technique designed to enable blind people to enjoy the theatre — was pioneered
in America in 1981. While continuing to listen in the (1) ………..way to stage dialogue and sound, visually-impaired
(2) ……………..of the audience also receive a commentary on what is (3) …………..seen. For (4) ………who reluctantly
give up the theatre when they begin to lose their (5) ………. , audio-description can revive a valued interest. For
those, however, who have always enjoyed the theatre (6) …………. total blindness, audio-description presents a
whole new dimension. It is not (7) ………….. to see the lights go down to be caught up in (8)…………. sense of
anticipation which gradually silences and unites the audience. (9)……….. the curtain has gone up, it is simply a case
of total concentration (10)……….. as not to miss one word, tone, nuance or stage sound that (11) …………. provide
a clue (12) …………. some visual happening. Even (13) ……….. sight, theatre can be a delight, but there are
innumerable gaps to be filled. Audio-description is the (14) …………. solution. It (15) ……………. you in the picture
by providing explanatory comments before the curtain goes up, and then audio commentary is relayed (16) …………
an earphone by a person (17) ……… is standing at the side or back of the stage (18) ……….. the performance.

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Obviously (19) ………….can replace lost sight but to a wonderful and perhaps surprising (20) ……………. audio-
description makes it possible to see a play without sight. It is an exciting glimpse of things to come.

1. Usual/normal/conventional/ordinary
2. Members
3. Being
4. Those/people
5. Sight/vision/eyesight/eye-sight
6. Despite
7. Necessary/essential
8. That/the/a
9. After/once/when
10. So
11. Can/could/will/would/may/might
12. To
13. Without
14. Ideal/perfect/beat
15. Puts
16. Through/via
17. Who/that
18. During/throughout
19. Nothing
20. Extent/degree

8. 11 Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as

similar as possible in meaning to the sentence printed before it.

a) House prices have risen dramatically this year.

There has ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) This affair does not concern you.

This affair is no …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) You must submit articles for the magazine by June l8th.

The final date ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) Although Christopher was the stronger of the two, his attacker soon overpowered him.
Despite his ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

e) What a surprise to see you here!

Fancy ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

f) I don’t intend to apologise to either of them.

I have ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

g) It was only when I left home that I realised how much my father meant to me.
Not until ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

h) The only reason the party was a success was that a famous film star attended.
Had it not ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

a) There has been a dramatic increase/rise in (the) house prices this year
b) This affair is no concern/business of yours
c) The final date for (the) submission of (the) articles/for submitting (the) articles/(for you)
to submit (the) articles/for (the) articles to be submitted
d) Despite his (superior) strength/(his) being strong/(the) stronger (of the two)
Christopher/ he was (soon) overpowered (by his attacker)
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e) Fancy seeing you here
f) I have no intention of apologising to either of them
g) Not until (after) I (had) left home did I realise (how much my father meant to me)

Had it not been for the attendance/presence/appearance of a famous film star the party
would not have been a sueeess/would have been a failure

12 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as

possible in meaning to the original sentence but using the word given. This
word must not be altered in any way.

a) Gerald never had enough to live on until he married that rich businesswoman. Short
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) William decided that an actor’s life was not for him. Cut
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) The President arranged for me to use his chauffeur-driven car whenever I liked. Disposal
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) My cat has lost its appetite. Off
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
e) The children made every effort to please their father. Best
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
f) His behaviour was rather a shock to me. Aback
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
g) They decided not to go by boat because they thought they would be seasick. Fear
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
h) The bank robbers escaped in a stolen car. Getaway
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

a) Gerald was always short of money u7ntil he married that rich

businesswoman
b) William was not cut out to be an actor
c) The president put his chauffeur driven car at my disposal
d) My car is off its food
e) The children did their best to please their father
f) His behaviour took me aback
g) They decided not to go by boat for fear of being seasick
h) The bank robbers made their getaway in a stolen car.

13 Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as

possible in meaning to the sentence printed before it.

EXAMPLE: Despite having a lot of money, he wasn't happy.

ANSWER: Even though he had a lot of money, he wasn´t happy.

(a) The collision didn't damage my car much

Not a great ………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) What has this experience taught you?

What conclusions …………………………………………………………………………………….

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(c) To pass the time, I looked through some magazines.

I whiled ………………………………………………………………………………………….

(d) He declared his disapproval of the behaviour of some of his supporters.

He let it ………………………………………………………………………………………….

(e) Just thinking about his face at that moment makes me laugh.
The very ………………………………………………………………………………………….

(f) I will only be satisfied if the manager apologises fully.

Nothing short ………………………………………………………………………………………….

(g) Tony's very charming, but I wouldn't trust him.

Charming ………………………………………………………………………………………….

(h) I thought about what had happened all those years before.
I cast ………………………………………………………………………………………….

a) Have you drawn/come to from/as a result of /because of this experience?

b) Away the time (by) looking through some magazines
c) Be known that he disapproved of the behavior of some of his supporters
d) Thought of his ace at that moment makes me laugh
e) Of a full apology from the manager will satisfy me
f) As/though Tony/he is/may be, I wouldn’t’ trust him/Tony
g) My mind back to what had happened all those years before.

14 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in
meaning to the original sentence, but using the word given. This word must
not be altered in any way.

(a) I really don't know what you're talking about. faintest

............................................................................................................. ...........................................

(b) Les is to blame for the problems that he's facing. making
............................................................................................................................. ...........................

(e) The main focus of the plot is the adventures of two teenagers. centred
............................................................................................................................. ...........................

(d) He makes sure that he isn't associated with policies he disagrees with. distances
............................................................................................................................. ...........................

(e) Could you watch my bag while I'm away, please? eye

............................................................................................................................. ...........................

a) I haven't(got)/don't have the faintest idea what you're talking about.

(b) The problems (that) Les is facing are / Les's problems are of his own making.
(e) The plot is centered on the adventures of two teenagers.
(d) He (makes sure (that) he) distances himself from policies he disagrees with.
(e) Could you keep an/your eye on my bag while I'm away, please?

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