ECONOMICAL BENEFITS
WHAT IS BIOMASS? THERMAL APPLICATION
Biomass is organic material, which has stored solar
energy from sunlight in the form of chemical in the
plants through the process called photo synthesis.
Biomass fuels include Agricultural Wastes, Crop
Residues, Wood, Woody Wastes & Organic Wastes etc.
Unless like fossil fuels Biomass does not add carbon
dioxide to the atmosphere as it absorbs the same
amount of carbon while growing. It is the cheapest,
eco-friendly, renewable source of energy.
WHAT IS BIOMASS
GASIFICATION?
Biomass Gasification converts solid biomass into more
convenient gaseous form. The ratio of air-to-fuel
required for the complete combustion of the biomass is
6:1 to 6.5:1, which defined as stoichiometric
combustion with the end products being CO2 and H2O.
In gasification the combustion is carried at sub-
stoichiometric conditions with air-to-fuel ratio being
1.5:1 to 1.8:1. The gas so obtained is called producer
gas, which is combustible having a calorific value of 4.5-
5.0 MJ/kg, with an average composition of CO : 20 +
1%; CH4 : 3 + 1%, H2 : 20 + 1%, CO2 : 12 + 1% and rest,
N2. This process is made possible in a device called
gasifier. A gasifier system mainly comprises of a
reactor, where the combustible gas is generated and the
gas is made available for power generation / thermal
application after the required cleaning and cooling
process.
POWER GENERATION
APPLICATION
Using producer gas, it is possible to operate a diesel
engine on Dual Fuel Mode with marginal changes to the
air inlet or in a 100% Producer Gas Engine. In dual fuel
mode, diesel substitution of the order of 80 to 85% can
be obtained at nominal loads. The recent developments
have made possible the operations of Spark ignited gas
engine using producer gas alone. The mechanical
energy thus derived can be used directly to energizing
mechanical device or by coupling with an alternator for
power generation, either for local consumption or for
grid synchronization.
m Generate your own power m Increase profit margin
basis, or in multiples thereof, including Biomass Gasifier system. CFA of
Like any other gaseous fuel, producer gas has the
advantage of better and finer power control, more
efficient and environment friendly when compared to
that of solid fuels. Burning of 1 m3 of Producer gas in the
burner will release thermal energy of the order of 4.5 to
5.0 MJ. Flame temperatures as high as 1200 0C can be
obtained by optimal pre-mixing of air with producer gas.
For processes, which require thermal energy, gasifiers
can be a good option as a gas generator, and retrofitted
with existing devices. Few of the applications are:
Dryers: Drying is the most essential process in industry
like tea, rubber, cardamom etc. It requires hot gases in
the range of 120 - 130 0C. Gasifier could be an ideal
solution for the above situation, where hot gas after
combustion can be diluted with the required quantity of
secondary air, so as to lower its temperature to the
desired level for operation.
Kilns: Baking of tiles, potteries require temperature
range of 800 - 950 0C. In conventional practices they
burn large quantities of wood in an inefficient manner.
Gasifier could be suitable for such applications, which
provides a better control of temperature with smokeless
operation thereby enhancing the product quality.
Furnaces: In non-ferrous metallurgical and foundry
industries high temperatures (~650 - 1000 0C) are
required for melting metals and alloys. Expensive fuel
oils or electrical heaters generally meet this. Gasifiers
are well suited for such applications.
Boilers: Gasifiers are well suited for any process
industries, which requires steam / hot water.
Apart from these, energy requirements in mass
cooking, poultry farms, cold storage devices (vapor
compression refrigerator), rubber industry, textile
industries, chemical industries, sago factories and so
on could be met using biomass gasifiers.
GOVERNMENT’S ASSISTANCE
To promote the non-conventional energy sources,
Government of India assist the entrepreneur through
attractive capital subsidy. *Central Financial Assistance
(subsidy) of Rs. 10.00 lakhs per 100 kWe on pro-rata
m No skilled man power required
Rs.2.00 lakh per 300 kWth on pro-rata basis, or in multiples there of for S.No Application Description
Thermal Application. CFA is available for village electrification also.
1. 100% Producer gas Approximately 1.2kg of wood will
based power produce 1 unit of electricity, which
PROCESS generation costs Rs. 1.25 and the operation &
maintenance cost will be around
Chopped wood (Biomass) is fed into the top of the reactor. The reactor
Rs. 0.5/-. Totally it cost around
we install is Open Top, Twin air entry, IISc design. After ignition, when Rs. 1.80/- per Kwh. (unit) whereas
the biomass flows down, it undergoes chemical changes there by gives E.B. Tariff of Rs. 4.75 per Unit
out the volatile matters of the wood in a gaseous form. This product is
2. Duel Fuel mode One unit of electricity is produced
known as producer gas. This gas is separated from the gas separation
power generation using 0.9 kg of wood +50ml of
unit and taken to the cooling and cleaning equipments. The residue from
diesel. Totally it cost around
the reaction ash and charcoal is removed by a screw conveyor
Rs. 2.65/- per Kwh. (unit) whereas
connected to the bottom of the reactor. The gas is washed and cooled in E.B. Tariff of Rs. 4.75 per Unit.
the scrubbers arranged in series to improve the gas quality. The gas
3. Thermal application Approximately 4 kg of biomass can
further treated in the chilled water scrubber where due to the water
replace 1 litre of HFO / Diesel in
temperature the tar particles present in the gas get condensed and
thermal energy. Approximately
separated from the gas. The purified gas passed through fabric filters.
Biomass @ Rs. 4/- can replace
These filters enhance the quality of the gas further.
HFO @ Rs. 25/- and Diesel @35/-.
Thereby resulting a cost saving of
The cooled, purified and filtered gas suitably mixed with air in proper
Rs. 20/- and Rs. 30/- respectively.
composition in the carburetor and enters into the engine. The engine
runs like a petrol engine. The exhaust gas comes out from the engine
OTHER BENEFITS
fed into a drier where we recover the exhaust gas temperature for drying
the cut Biomass for consumption. þ Conservation of depleting fossil fuel
þ Conservation of Environment from
APPLICATIONS Global warming & Pollution
þ Encourage energy plantation thus
Power Generation
resulting in a green environment
! Captive power for industries
þ Provides a sustainable, affordable and
! Grid connected for power sale
eco-friendly alternative fuel
! Village electrification þ Improvement of nations energy security
Thermal using locally available fuels
! Cooking in hotels, hostels, Marriage halls
! Replace high cost fuels like Diesel, LPG, Furnace Oil in
industrial Boiler, Driers, Kilns, Furnaces, etc.
! Vegetable drying, Fish drying, Paddy drying, etc.
Combined Cycle
Power generation and thermal application in industries.
m Cost per unit Rs. 1.80 only m Eco friendly and easy to operate m Avail subsidy from MNES
 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
Water Water Water

REACTOR

MOISTURE
TRAP MOISTURE
DIRECT TRAP Fabric Filter
WATER
COOLER
SCRUBBER
CHILLED WATER
SCRUBBER

Engine

SCREW CONVEYOR Burner

Sl. Project Address Capacity Installation Date Application

1. Nagoan Paper Mill, HPCL, Assam 4 MW Under Implementation Thermal

2. Cachar Paper Mill, HPCL, Assam 4 MW Under Implementation Thermal
3. Aruna Electrical Works, Villupuram, T.N. 100 kWe 2004 Captive Power Generation
4. MP Forest Department, Kasai Village, India’s First
Bhainsdehi Tehsil, Bethul Dist, M P 2x10 kWe 2005 Remote Village Electrification
5. MP Forest Department, Debrabandi Village,
Timarani Tehsil, Harda Dist, MP 2x10 kWe 2005 Remote Village Electrification
6. DFO, Jawalagiri Village, Hosur, T.N. 12 kWe 2005 Power Generation for Irrigation
7. DRDA, Periyampatti, Dharmapuri, T.N. 12 kWe 2005 Power for Village Electrification
8. MP Forest Department, Barasel Village,
Banapura Tehsil, Hoshangabad Dist, MP 2x10 kWe 2006 Remote Village Electrification
9. MP Forest Dept., Bhagidunsara Village,
Jhabua Tehsil, Jhabua Dist, MP 2x10 kWe 2006 Remote Village Electrification
10. Madhya Pradesh Forest Dept., Bhopal 14x10 kWe Under Implementation Remote Village Electrification
11. Biomass Energy for Rural India, Bangalore 12 kWe Under Implementation Remote Village Electrification
12. APE (P) Ltd, Villupuram, T.N. 1 MWe Under Implementation Power Generation for Grid Supply
13. Irungattukottai Panchayat, T.N. 12 kWe Under Implementation Power for Village Electrification
14. Aurore Systems, Auroshilpam, Aurovile, T.N. 12 kWe 03.03.2006 For Captive Consumption
15. Forest Research Institute Kolapakkam, Chennai. 12 kWe Under Implementation Power for the use of Research Institute
16. DRDA, Devarappampatti, Dindugal, T.N. 12 kWe Under Implementation Power for Village Electrification
17. Few more projects through Tamilnadu DRDA’s 15 x 12 kWe Under Implementation Power for Village Electrification

ARUNA ELECTRICAL WORKS (P) LTD.,

Kongampattu, Rampakkam Po., Villupuram Dt, Pin : 605 105.
Tel : 0413-2699484-85 / 2699546 Fax : 0413 - 2699547
E-mail : arunabiomass@rediffmail.com, Website : www.arunabiomass.com