Practical Manual - Insect Ecology & IPM - Pest Control - Beetle PDF

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Agricultural A Report on Rural Dissertation on
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ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

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Email Rajendranagar, Hyderabad – 500 030
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Practical Manual
Agricultural A Report on Rural Dissertation on 08A

forInsect General Insect and Mite
Meteorology - P… Agricultural Wor… Rural Agricultur… Ecology Agriculture for… Pests in Food…
Insect Ecology and Integrated Pest Management
Course No. Ento.231 (2+1)
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Editor
G Raghavaiah
Professor & Head
Department of Entomology
Agricultural College, Bapatla
Co-Editors
M S V Chalam
P V Krishnayya
T Madhumati
P Seetha Ramu
K Sridevi
T Sridevi
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Agricultural A Report on Rural Dissertation on

INDEX
08A Insect General Insect and Mite
S. Title of the Exercise Between Signature of Remarks
No. Pages the Teacher

1 Study of distribution patterns of insects in crop ecosystems
1 Study of distribution patterns of insects in crop ecosystems
2
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Sampling techniques for the estimation of insect population and   Sign In Join
damage
3 Pest surveillance through light traps, pheromone traps and

forecasting of pest incidence
4 Acquaintance of insecticide formulations
5 Calculation of doses/ concentrations of different insecticidal

formulations
6 Compatibility of pesticides with other agrochemicals and

phytotoxicity of insecticides
7 Acquaintance of mass multiplication techniques of important

predators – Cheilomenes, Cryptolaemus and Chrysoperla

parasitoids – egg, larval and pupal parasitoids

entamopathogenic fungi
10 Acquaintance of mass multiplication techniques of Nuclear

Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV)
11 Study of insect pollinators, weed killers and scavengers
12 Extraction of nematodes from soil and roots -preparation of

temporary and permanent slides
13 Identification of different types of nematodes
14 Identification of different mite species


Identification of different non-insect pests: rodents, birds, crabs,
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snails & slugs, squirrels and other mammalian pests
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Identification of different non-insect pests-house hold and veterinary
insect pests
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Agricultural A Report on Rural Dissertation on 08A Insect General Insect and Mite

Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University
Department of Entomology
Agricultural College, BAPATLA
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this is a bona-fide record of practical work done by
Mr./Ms._______________________________ I.D. No. ___________ in the Course

No. ENTO: 231 Insect Ecology and Integrated Pest Management during ---
Semester 20 – 20
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Ex No. 1 Date :
STUDY OF DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF INSECTS IN CROP

ECOSYSTEMS
***
Objective:
To get familiarized with distribution patterns of insects in crop ecosystems
Study of distribution patterns of insects in a crop-ecosystem is most important to

validate methods for population estimation 
and to understand the pest population.
Rate
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developing a sound sampling plan and gives information about behavior of the species.
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against enemies
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The dispersion of species is influenced by social instinct such as breeding, protection
and heterogeneity
LinkedIn of the environment. Individuals of a 
population arrange themselves in a manner that is specific to each population and these
 arrangements 
in space appear to be of considerable importance in the study of
Copy Linkdynamics of ecosystem.
Email
Dispersion 
The manner in which members of pest population are distributed in space is the
Agricultural dispersion
A Report on Rural
or the Dissertation
distribution patternon of the
08A Insect
species. General Insect and Mite
The internal distribution patterns are important which are related with some
characteristics of a population. Individuals in any population may be distributed
according to three basic patterns.
1. Regular / Uniform distribution
2. Random/poison distribution
3. Clumped / aggregated / over-dispersed/contagious distribution
To understand the distribution/Dispersion of insect species one

on e need to calculate,
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A) Mean ( x ) = Σfx
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n
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B) Variance (S2) = Σfx2 – (Σfx)2 /n
----------------------------
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n-1 
 Where,
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 f=x=Frequency
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of number of plants/branches
Number of insects per plant/branch
n= Total number of plants

You're Reading
C) Variance - Mean ratio (VMR) =
a Preview
--------
S2
x
Agricultural A Report on Rural Upload your
Dissertation on documents
08A Insect to download.
General Insect and Mite
Meteorology - P… Agricultural Wor… Rural Agricultur… Ecology 2 Agriculture for… Pests in Food…
D) Index of David
David and Moore (IDM) = S
------- -1
Upload to Download x
E) Index of Lexis = √ S2 /x OR
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F) Charlier Coefficient = √ S2 - x
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x
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1) Regular / uniform distribution:
It may occur where competition between the insects is severe due to physical
factors. Here, the variance is less than Mean ((S 2< x ). Hence, the variance-mean ratio
(VMR) is less than one, IDM is less than zero,
zero, Index of Lexis is more than one and the
Charlier Coefficient is less than zero.
x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x
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6
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2) Random or Poison distribution:
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It is relatively
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rare in nature and occurs where the environment is very uniform
and there is no tendency to aggregate. Each insect has equal probability of occupying

any point in space and the presence of one individual does not influence the distribution
of another. Here the variance-mean ratio (VMR) is always one (S2= x ), IDM is equal to
Agricultural
zero, Index
Index of Lexis is unity
A Report on Rural
and the Charlier
Dissertation on
Coefficient isGeneral
08A Insect
zero. Insect and Mite
x x x x
x x
x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x

x x x
3) Aggregated/Clum
Aggregated/Clumped
ped / Aggregate/Negative binomial
binomial distribution:
You're Reading a Preview
This is the most frequently observed pattern and individuals show varying
Upload your documents to download.
degree of clumping together due to attraction or instinct as in case of some
insects. Large scale clumping helps to evade possible danger of predation,
Upload to Download
climate or diseases. Bees are able to exist in cold climate by increasing the input
of heat among them thus modifyingOR the environments. Usually the environment
decides the degree of aggregation of clumped patterns. Here the variance-mean
Become a Scribd member to read and download
ratio (VMR) is more than one (S 2> x ), IDM is more than zero, Index of Lexis is
full documents.
more than
than one and the Charlier Coefficient is more
more than zero.
x x xx x
x xx x x x x x
x x x x x x
xxx x x x
x x x x
x x x x
The aggregation may also be due to
1. Response of microclimatic differences and daily and seasonal changes in

weather.
2. As a result of
of reproduction or social attraction
 of sociality
3. Characteristics of the species i.e. degree
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7
Aggregation always leads to intra-specific competition for food, space and

reproduction etc. The degree of aggregation as well as the overall density, which results
ep oduct o etc e deg ee o agg egat o as e as t e o e a de s ty, c esu ts
in optimum population 
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and conditions. Join
Record Work:
Workout the mean, variance and different indices to conclude the

Distribution/Dispersion patterns Spodoptera litura (Fab.) based on the following
larval population data on cabbage.
Number Plant fx fx
of Frequency
Insects
f
Per Plant
You're Reading a Preview
x
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1 Upload
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4
2
n= Σfx = Σfx =

Ex No. 2 Date :
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR THE ESTIMATION OF NSECT

POPULATION AND DAMAGE
***
Objective:
To understand sampling techniques for the estimation insect pest
population and their damage
Estimation of Insect Population
You're
Population studies are Reading
helpful ina pinpointing
Preview the factors that bring
numerical changes inUpload
the natural populationto
your documents and also in understanding the func
download.
the life-system of the pest species. Extensive studies over a large area are nee
Upload to Download
understand the distribution patterns of a  pest population, to predict the dama
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OR
to certain climatic or edaphic factors. The type of population estimation will dep
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full documents.
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types.
I) Absolute estimates 
II) Relative estimates
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III) Population indices
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I) Absolute estimates

The total number of insects per unit area (acre or hectare) is the a
population. The numbers per unit area of the habitat (per plant, per shoot or p
indicates
Meteorology - P… the density
Agricultural of population.
Wor… Rural Agricultur… The estimates
Ecology ofAgriculture
absolutefor…
population
Pests inand pop
Food…
density are useful to know and analyze

an alyze the key mortality factors.
The following methods are commonly employed for knowing the a
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Documents  Technology & Engineering  Agriculture

 60% (10) · 2K views · 81 pages RELATED TITLES

Ecology & IPM

Agriculture and environment Full description

Download now 1 of 81  Search document 

ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

Agricultural A Report on Rural Dissertation on 08A

Agricultural A Report on Rural Dissertation on

No. Pages the Teacher

3 Pest surveillance through light traps, pheromone traps and

4 Acquaintance of insecticide formulations

5 Calculation of doses/ concentrations of different insecticidal

6 Compatibility of pesticides with other agrochemicals and

7 Acquaintance of mass multiplication techniques of important

8 Acquaintance of mass multiplication techniques of important

9 Acquaintance of mass multiplication techniques of important

10 Acquaintance of mass multiplication techniques of Nuclear

11 Study of insect pollinators, weed killers and scavengers

12 Extraction of nematodes from soil and roots -preparation of

13 Identification of different types of nematodes

14 Identification of different mite species

Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University

This is to certify that this is a bona-fide record of practical work done by

Mr./Ms._______________________________ I.D. No. ___________ in the Course

STUDY OF DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF INSECTS IN CROP

To get familiarized with distribution patterns of insects in crop ecosystems

Study of distribution patterns of insects in a crop-ecosystem is most important to

1. Regular / Uniform distribution

3. Clumped / aggregated / over-dispersed/contagious distribution

To understand the distribution/Dispersion of insect species one

Become a Scribd member to read and download

Search   Sign In Join

The aggregation may also be due to

1. Response of microclimatic differences and daily and seasonal changes in

Aggregation always leads to intra-specific competition for food, space and

Workout the mean, variance and different indices to conclude the

Search   Sign In Join

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR THE ESTIMATION OF NSECT

Estimation of Insect Population

density are useful to know and analyze

You're reading a preview 

Unlock full access (pages 9-19) by

You're reading a preview 

Unlock full access (pages 24-27)

You're reading a preview 

Unlock full access (pages 36-55)

You're reading a preview 

Unlock full access (pages 60-72)

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Mr./Ms._____________________ I.D. No. _ in the Course