POWER QUALITY

Subject Code : EE732PE

Regulations : R16 - JNTUH

Class : IV Year B.Tech EEE I Semester

Department of Electrical and Electronics and Engineering

BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Ibrahimpatnam - 501 510, Hyderabad.
 POWER QUALITY (EE732PE)

COURSE PLANNER

Course Title POWER QUALITY

Course Code EE732PE
Class B.Tech. IV Year I Semester EEE
Regulations JNTUH - R16
Lectures Tutorials Practica Credits
Course Structure /Bridge ls
3 0 0 3

Course Dr. S. K. MISHRA, ASSOCIATE

Coordinator PROFESSOR
Team of RAMJI TIWARI, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
Instructors

I. COURSEOVERVIEW:

The main objective of this subject is to understand and to know the following concepts:

 To analyze the Power Quality problem apply the techniques to mitigate them.
 To analyze different National and International standards related to power quality.

II. PREREQUISITES:

Level Credi Periods/ Prerequisites

ts Week
Power Systems - II
UG 3 4

III. COURSEOBJECTIVES:
At the end of the course, the students will be able to:
 Understand the basic principles of all measuring instruments
 Deal with the measurement of voltage, current, Power factor, power, energy and
Magnetic measurements.

IV. COURSE OUTCOME:

S.No Description Bloom’s Taxonomy Level

Understand the severity of power quality problems in Knowledge, Understand

CO1 distribution system (Level 1, Level 2)
 Understand the difference between failure, outage and
Knowledge, Understand
Interruptions.
CO2
(Level 1, Level 2)

Analyze the voltage sag and swell based power quality

Apply
problem in Single phase and three phase system.
CO3
( Level 3)

Identify the Power Quality problems in Industry power

Understand, Apply
systems.
CO4
(Level2, Level 3)

Apply to mitigate the different types of Power Quality Understand, Apply

CO5 problems. (Level 1,Level 3)

V. HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:

Proficiency
Program Outcomes (PO) Level
assessed by
Engineering Knowledge: Apply the knowledge of Lectures,
mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an Assignments
PO1 3
engineering specialization to the solution of complex university exams.
engineering problems.
Problem Analysis: Identify, formulate, review research Slip tests,
literature, and analyze complex engineering problems Surprise tests
PO2 2
reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of and Mock tests
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
Design/Development Analysis: Design solutions for
complex engineering problems and design system
Hands on
components or processes that meet the specified needs with
PO3 2 Practice sessions
appropriate consideration for the public health and safety,
and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
Conduct Investigations of Complex Problems: Use Lab Sessions and
research-based knowledge and research methods including
model
PO4 design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, 2
and synthesis of the information to provide valid developments
conclusions.
Modern Toll Usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate Practices new
techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools Soft computing
PO5 2
including prediction and modeling to complex engineering techniques
activities with an understanding of the limitations.
The Engineer and Society: Apply reasoning informed by Seminars &
the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety,
PO6 2
legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities Project work
relevant to the professional engineering practice.
 Environment and Sustainability: Understand the impact
of the professional engineering solutions in societal and
PO7 - --
environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of,
and need for sustainable development.
Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to
PO8 professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the - --
engineering practice.
Individual and Team Work: Function effectively as an
PO9 individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams, and - --
in multidisciplinary settings.
Communication: Communicate effectively on complex
engineering activities with the engineering community and Seminars,
with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend
PO10 2
and write effective reports and design documentation, make Discussions
effective presentations, and give and receive clear
instructions.
Project Management and Finance: Demonstrate
knowledge and understanding of the engineering and Develop new
PO11 management principles and apply these to one’s own work, 2 projects
as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and
in multidisciplinary environments.
Life-long Learning: Recognize the need for, and have the
preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-
PO12 2 Research
long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) -: None

VI. HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:

Proficiency
Program Specific Outcomes (PSO) Level
assessed by
Talented to analyze, design, and implement electrical & Lectures,
PSO1 electronics systems and deal with the rapid pace of 2
industrial innovations and developments. Assignments.

Skillful to use application and control techniques for Participate

research and advanced studies in Electrical & Electronics events, seminars
PSO2 2
Engineering domain. & symposiums

1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) -: None

VII. SYLLABUS:
JNTUH SYLLABUS

UNIT – I

Introduction: Introduction of the Power Quality (PQ) problem, Terms used in PQ: Voltage, Sag, Swell,
Surges, Harmonics, over voltages, spikes, Voltage fluctuations, Transients, Interruption, overview of
power quality phenomenon, Remedies to improve power quality, power quality monitoring.
UNIT - II

Long & Short Interruptions: Interruptions – Definition – Difference between failures, outage,
Interruptions – causes of Long Interruptions – Origin of Interruptions – Limits for the Interruption
frequency – Limits for the interruption duration – costs of Interruption – Overview of Reliability
evaluation to power quality, comparison of observations and reliability evaluation.

Short Interruptions: definition, origin of short interruptions, basic principle, fuse saving, voltage
magnitude events due to re-closing, voltage during the interruption, monitoring of short interruptions,
difference between medium and low voltage systems. Multiple events, single phase tripping – voltage
and current during fault period, voltage and current at post fault period, stochastic prediction of short
interruptions.

UNIT – III

Single and Three Phase Voltage Sag Characterization: Voltage sag – definition, causes of voltage sag,
voltage sag magnitude, and monitoring, theoretical calculation of voltage sag magnitude, voltage sag
calculation in non-radial systems, meshed systems, and voltage sag duration.

Three phase faults: phase angle jumps, magnitude and phase angle jumps for three phase unbalanced
sags, load influence on voltage sags.

UNIT - IV

Power Quality Considerations In Industrial Power Systems: Voltage sag – equipment behavior of Power
electronic loads, induction motors, synchronous motors, computers, consumer electronics, adjustable
speed AC drives and its operation. Mitigation of AC Drives, adjustable speed DC drives and its operation,
mitigation methods of DC drives.

UNIT - V

Mitigation of Interruptions & Voltage Sags: Overview of mitigation methods – from fault to trip,
reducing the number of faults, reducing the fault clearing time changing the power system, installing
mitigation equipment, improving equipment immunity, different events and mitigation methods.
System equipment interface – voltage source converter, series voltage controller, shunt controller,
combined shunt and series controller.
Power Quality and EMC Standards: Introduction to standardization, IEC Electromagnetic compatibility
standards, European voltage characteristics standards, PQ surveys.

GATE SYLLABUS:
POWER SYSTEM: Voltage and Frequency control, Power factor correction, Symmetrical components,
Symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault analysis, Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance
protection; Circuit breakers, System stability concepts, Equal area criterion.

ESE SYLLABUS:
POWER SYSTEM: Voltage and Frequency control, Power factor correction, symmetrical components,
fault analysis, principles of protection systems.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

TEXT BOOKS:

 “Math H J Bollen”, “Understanding Power Quality Problems” , IEEE Press, 2000.

 “R. Sastry Vedam and Mulukutla S. Sarma”, “Power Quality VAR Compensation in Power
Systems”, CRC Press, 2008.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

 C. Sankaran, Power Quality, CRC Press 2001.

 Roger C. Dugan, Mark F. Mc Granaghan, Surya Santoso, H. Wayne Beaty, Electrical Power Systems
Quality, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Ltd, 3rd Edition 2012.

VIII. COURSE PLAN (WEEK-WISE):

Bloom’s Teaching Text

Session Unit Week Topic
Taxonomy Methodologies Book

UNIT - 1 : Introduction

Introduction of the Power T1,T2 &

1 I 1 Understand Chalk & Talk
Quality (PQ) problem, R1
2 Terms used in PQ Remember PPT

3 Voltage, Sag, Swell, Surges Understand Chalk & Talk

4 Harmonics Understand Chalk & Talk

5 Over voltages, spikes Understand Chalk & Talk

6 Voltage fluctuations Understand PPT

7 2 Transients, Interruption Understand PPT

Overview of power quality

8 Remember Chalk & Talk
phenomenon

Remedies to improve
9 Apply Chalk & Talk
power quality

10 Power quality monitoring. Apply PPT

3
Topics beyond Syllabus:
11 PQ Issues in Renewable Understand PPT
Energy System

12 Mock Test – I

UNIT - II- Long & Short Interruptions

13 Interruptions – Definition Understand Chalk & Talk

Difference between
14 failures, outage, Understand Chalk & Talk
4 Interruptions

causes of Long
15 Remember Chalk & Talk
Interruptions
T1,T2 &
16 II Origin of Interruptions Understand Chalk & Talk
R1

17 Tutorial / Bridge Class # 1

Limits for the Interruption

18 5 Understand Chalk & Talk
frequency

Limits for the interruption

19 Understand Chalk & Talk
duration
20 costs of Interruption Understand Chalk & Talk

21 Tutorial / Bridge Class # 2 Apply

Overview of Reliability
22 Remember Chalk & Talk
evaluation to power quality
6
comparison of observations
23 Analyze Chalk & Talk
and reliability evaluation

Origin of short
24 Understand Chalk & Talk
interruptions

25 Basic principle, fuse saving Chalk & Talk

Voltage magnitude events

26 Remember Chalk & Talk
due to re-closing
7 Voltage during the
27 Remember Chalk & Talk
interruption

Monitoring of short
28 Remember Chalk & Talk
interruptions

Difference between
29 medium and low voltage Analyze PPT
systems.

Multiple events, single

30 Analyze PPT
8 phase tripping

Voltage and current during

31 Analyze Chalk & Talk
fault period,

Voltage and current at post

32 Analyze Chalk & Talk
fault period

Stochastic prediction of
33 Evaluate Chalk & Talk
short interruptions.

34 9 Revision PPT

35 Tutorial / Bridge Class # 5

UNIT - III : Single and Three

Phase Voltage Sag
 Characterization

Voltage sag – definition,

36 9 Understand Chalk & Talk
causes of voltage sag

Voltage sag magnitude, and

37 Understand Chalk & Talk
monitoring

Theoretical calculation of
38 Evaluate Chalk & Talk
voltage sag magnitude
10
Voltage sag calculation in
39 Evaluate Chalk & Talk
non-radial systems

Meshed systems, and T1,R1 &

40 III Apply PPT
voltage sag duration. R2

Three phase faults, phase

41 Understand Chalk & Talk
angle jumps

Magnitude and phase angle

42 jumps for three phase Remember Chalk & Talk
11 unbalanced sags

Load influence on voltage

43 Remember Chalk & Talk
sags

44 Revision PPT

UNIT IV - Power Quality Considerations In Industrial Power Systems:

Voltage sag – equipment

45 behaviour of Power Understand Chalk & Talk
electronic loads

Induction motors,
46 Analyze PPT
12 synchronous motors

Computers, consumer T1, T2 &

47 IV Analyze Chalk & Talk
electronics R2

Adjustable speed AC drives

48 Analyze Chalk & Talk
and its operation

49 Mitigation of AC Drives Analyze Chalk & Talk

13
50 Speed DC drives and its Analyze Chalk & Talk
 operation

Mitigation methods of DC
51 Apply PPT
drives

UNIT V - Mitigation of Interruptions & Voltage Sags

Overview of mitigation
52 13 methods – from fault to Remember PPT
trip

reducing the number of

53 Apply Chalk & Talk
faults

Reducing the fault clearing

54 time changing the power Apply Chalk & Talk
system,
14
Installing mitigation
55 equipment, improving Apply Chalk & Talk
equipment immunity

Different events and

56 Analyze PPT
mitigation methods

System equipment T1,T2,

V
57 interface – voltage source Analyze Chalk & Talk R1 & R2
converter

Series voltage controller,

58 Apply Chalk & Talk
15 shunt controller

Combined shunt and series

59 Apply Chalk & Talk
controller.

Introduction to
60 Remember PPT
standardization

IEC Electromagnetic
61 Understand PPT
compatibility standards

16 European voltage
62 Remember PPT
characteristics standards

63 PQ surveys. Remember PPT

 Topics beyond Syllabus:
64 Power Quality Measuring Apply PPT
Instruments.

Topics beyond Syllabus: A

general review of different
65 Analyze PPT
standards and its
17 inspections.

66 Revision PPT

67 Revision PPT

IX. MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OFPROGRAM OUTCOMES AND
PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES:

Program
Program Outcomes Specific
Outcomes
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2
3 2 2 1 1 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ 2 2
CO1
3 2 3 2 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ 2 1
CO2
2 3 2 2 3 2 3 _ _ _ _ _ 1 2
CO3
3 3 3 2 3 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ 2 3
CO4
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ 2 2
CO5
2.6 2.4 2.4 1.8 2.2 2.0 2.0 _ _ _ _ _ 1.8 2
AVG

X. QUESTION BANK (JNTUH):

UNIT I

Short Answer Questions

Blooms
Course
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level

1 What is Power Quality? Understand 2

 2 What is the most common power quality Problem? Why Understand 1
has power quality only become an issue in recent years?
3 Define sag and swell? Knowledge 2

4 Define Transients and Surges? knowledge 2

5 Define Harmonics and Spikes? Knowledge 2

Long Answer Questions

Blooms
Course
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level

1 What are the major power quality issues? Explain in detail Knowledge 2

2 What is harmonics? Explain harmonic distortion with Understand 2

relevant waveforms.
Define power quality? Explain the reasons for increased
3 Understand 1
concern in power
quality.
4 Explain the various types of power quality disturbances Knowledge 2
and impacts of power quality.
5 Discuss in detail about transients. Knowledge 2

With a waveform sketch, explain the terms

(i)Voltage sag
6 Apply 3
(ii)Voltage interruption
(iii)Voltage swells.
(iv)Sag with harmonics.
Explain the following steady state disturbances.
(i)Magnitude
7 Understand 1
(ii)Unbalance
(iii)Harmonics
(iv)Flicker.

UNIT II

Short Answer Questions

Blooms
Course
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level

1 List the types of interruption? Understand 2

2 Define Long and Short Interruptions. Knowledge 2

 3 What are Origin and Causes of Interruptions? Understand 2

4 What are the Limits for the interruption frequency? Knowledge 2

5 Difference between failure, outage and Interruption? Understand 2

Long Answer Questions

Blooms
Course
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level

1 Determine the Overview of Reliability Evaluation to Understand 2

Power Quality?
2 Compare observation and reliability evaluations? Understand 2

3 What are the basic principles of Interruptions? Mention its Knowledge 2

types and origin?
4 Write short notes about the voltage and current parameters Knowledge 2
during faults and post faults.
5 Describe stochastic prediction of short and long Understand 2
interruptions?
6 Explain about single phase tripping? And also explain Understand 2
working of fuse?
7 What is the difference between medium and low voltage Knowledge 2
systems?

UNIT III

Short Answer Questions

Blooms
Course
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level

1 What is voltage sag & swell? Understand 2

2 Mention the types of sag and swell? Understand 2

3 What are the causes of sags and swell? Apply 3

How voltage sag can be mitigated? Name the three levels Understand 2
4
of possible solutions to voltage sag and momentary
interruption problems?
5 What are the various factors affecting the sag magnitude Understand 2
due to faults at a certain point in the system?
Long Answer Questions

Blooms
Course
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level

Discuss the sources of sags and swell and evaluate sag Evaluate 3
1.
performance evaluation indices?
What is the need of estimating sag performance? Explain Apply 3
2. the different methods of estimating voltage sag
performance.
Explain the various causes and effects of voltage sags. Understand 2
3.
Define voltage sag calculation in meshed system and Understand 2
4.
determine the equation.
Explain the theory of phase angle jump for three phase Understand 2
5.
unbalanced sag.

UNIT IV

Short Answer Questions

Blooms
Course
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level

1 What is Linear and Nonlinear Load? Understand 2

2 Describe the end user solution for the voltage sag? Understand 2

3 What is Area of Vulnerability and describe the equipment Apply 3

sensitivity for voltage sag?
4 What are mitigation methods of AC and DC Drives? Understand 2

5 Describe the end user solution for the voltage sag? Understand 2

Long Answer Questions

Blooms
Course
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level

1 Explain Motor-starting methods and derive estimating Understand 2

of sag severity
2 Explain adjustable speed DC drives and its operation. Understand 2

3 Explain adjustable speed AC drives and its operation. Understand 2

 Determine equipment behavior of Power electronic Apply 3
4
loads, induction motors, synchronous motors,
computers, and consumer electronics?
5 Explain the mitigation technique of AC and DC Drives? Understand 2

UNIT V

Short Answer Questions

Blooms
Course
S.No Question Taxonomy
Outcome
Level

What are the different mitigation techniques of power Understand 2

1
quality fault?

2 Explain the methodology for reducing the number of faults? Apply 3

Explain the methods involved in improving equipment Apply 3

3
immunity?

Why standardization is is important in terms of Power Understand 2

4
Quality?

5 Different types of PQ Surveys? Understand 2

Long Answer Questions

Blooms Taxonomy Course

S.No Question
Level Outcome

1 What are different events and mitigation methods Understand 2

associated with Power Quality?
2 Discuss about voltage source converters? And Understand 2
explain its types?
3 Discuss about IEC Electromagnetic compatibility Apply 3
standards.
4 Discuss about European voltage characteristics Apply 3
standards
Explain mitigation methods from fault to trip and Apply 3
5
reducing the fault clearing time changing the
power system?

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:

UNIT I:
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

1. Most of the power quality problems are related to ______

(a) Transmission Issue (b) Grounding Issue

(c) Distribution Issue (d) all of the above

2. Which of the following is not considered as good power quality voltage

(a) Power Supply is more compared to demand (b) Constant sine wave

(c) Constant Velocity (d) Constant RMS Value unchanged with time

3. Lightening and Tree striking on a live conductor is an example________ Power Quality

issue.
(a) Voltage Sag (b) Voltage Swell (c) Interruption (d) Surge
4. Interruption is
(a) complete loss of power (b) complete loss of voltage

(c) complete loss of current (d) all the above

5. The Transients in the power system occurs for

a) less than two complete cycles b) exact two complete cycles

c) less than one complete cycles d) exact one complete cycles

Fill in the blanks:

1. The most common cause of transients is _____________.

2. The voltage swell is the change of RMS value between ____% & ____%.
3. Interruptions are the complete loss o voltage less than________%.
4. The formula for voltage imbalance is ___________________.
5. Short Interruptions are caused due to ___________ .

UNIT II

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

1. The most common cause of long interruption is ______

(a) Faults (b) Outages

(c) Both (a) & (b) (d) none of the above

2. Outage is the
(a) Removal of Primary Component (b) No Power Generation
 (c) Transmission Faults (d) None of the above

3. Single Phase Tripping is generally used in _________________.

(a) Transmission System (b) Distribution System
(c) Low Voltage System (d) Generation System

4. Interruption is
(a) complete loss of power (b) complete loss of voltage

(c) complete loss of current (d) all the above

5. The Short Interruptions occurs for

(a) Less than two complete cycles (b) exact two complete cycles (c) less
than one complete cycles (d) exact one complete cycles

Fill in the blanks:

1. The most faults on overhead lines are _____________ faults.

2. The voltage in Interruption falls to zero very____________.
3. To monitor short interruptions, monitoring equipment need to be installed on all________.
4. The Interruptions occur for ___________________.
5. The different types of Interruptions are ___________ .
UNIT III

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

1. The most common way to calculate voltage sag is from ______

(a) Average Voltage (b) Peak Voltage

(c) RMS Voltage (d) none of the above

2. Effect of temperature rise in overhead lines is to

(a) Increase Sag Decrease Tension (b) Decrease Sag Increase Tension

(c) Increases both (d) Decreases Both

3. What should be the value of sag for proper operation of overhead transmission line?
(a) High (b) Low
(c) Neither too low nor too high (d) Anything
4. Voltage dips cannot be caused by which of the following:
(a) Switching on of Large Loads (b) Local and Remote faults

(c) Inductive Loading (d) Capacitive Switching

5. Which one of the following cannot be possible with voltage surges:

(a) Damaging to insulation (b) Tripping of Sensitive Equipment
 (c) Flicker in Incandescent Lamps (d) Damage to electronic components

Fill in the blanks:

1. The equipments sensitive to magnitude of voltage sags are ________ & ___________.
2. The equipments sensitive to both duration & magnitude of voltage sags are _____& ______.
3. The formula to find voltage sag is____________________.
4. The connections of the component network depend on the ___________________ type.
5. The major concern for the Phase-Angle jump is ___________ in power electronics.

UNIT IV

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

1. During sag, power electronic component will trip, this will decrease ______
(a) Load Voltage (b) Supply Voltage

(c) Load Current (d) none of the above

2. The total power taken by the load remains constant so that _____ will be higher
(a) Current (b) Voltage (c) Fluctuations (d) Harmonics

3. The major cause of voltage sag is

(a) Malfunction of primary component (b) Equipment Failure
(c) Starting of large Induction Machine (d) All the above
4. To obtain a constant current input, a inductor is placed in current source inductor (CSI) in:
(a) Parallel (b) Series (c) Both Series and Parallel (d) Not placed at all

5. The harmonic current distortion in adjustable speed drive is_____

(a) Constant (b) Not Constant (c) High (d) low

Fill in the blanks:

1. During sag, the power electronics will ________.

2. In sag, the DC bus capacitor will inherit large current pulse during ______.
3. During start-up an induction motor takes a_____ current than normal.
4. The main parameter in which the duration of voltage sag due to starting of induction
machine is determined is ______________.
5. The torque produced by the motor is proportional to the _____ of the terminal voltage.

UNIT V

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

1. Reducing the number of short-circuit faults in a system, reduces ______
(a) Sag (b) Interruptions (c) Sag & Interruptions (d) none of the above

2. Current-limiting fuses are able to clear a fault within one _______.

(a) Half cycle (b) full cycle (c) will not clear (d) none of the above
3. By implementing changes in the supply system, the severity of the event will__.
(a) Reduce (b) Increase (c) Remains the same (d) None of the above
4. The main mitigation equipments is___
(a) UPS (b) Storage device (c) voltage source converter (d) All the above
5. During normal operation, the UPS takes its power from the supply, rectifies the ac voltage to
dc and inverts it again to ac with the
(a) same frequency and rms value (b) Different frequency and rms value
(c) same frequency and different rms value (d) Different frequency and same rms value

Fill in the blanks:

1. The short-circuit fault will always cause a ________.

2. The ultimate reduction in fault-clearing time is achieved by ______.
3. The recently introduced static circuit breaker also gives a fault clearing time within one __.
4. A voltage-source converter is a power electronic device which can generate a _____.
5. The series voltage controller consists of a __________ in series with the supply voltage.
XI. WEBSITES:
www.pacificpower.net/con/pqs.html
www.ecmweb.com/power-quality-archive/power-quality-standards-industry-update
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1436304/
https://powerline.net.in/2018/12/28/power-quality-standards/
http://www.powergrid.in/sites/default/files/footer/climate_change/Swachh_Power.pdf

XII. JOURNALS:
1. www.ieee.org
2. www.springer.com
3. www.sciencedirect.com
4. www.mdpi.com/journal/energies/special_issues/power-electronics-power-quality

XIII. LIST OF TOPICS FOR STUDENT SEMINARS:

1. A brief history of power quality standards in world.
2. Performance limits in grid integration
3. Analyzing of power quality in different feeders.

XIV. CASE STUDIES/SMALL PROJECTS

1. Power Quality Measuring Equipment.
2. Case study on Outages in India.
3. Case study on different blackouts in world.
4. Differentiating Power Quality standard of India with European Standard.
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