Exercise [13.

43]

⎛ A C⎞
As the matrices ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ shall be a representation of some given group G, there is a
⎝ 0 B⎠
mapping ρ from G to the set of these matrices with

ρ ( g ) ρ (h) = ρ ( gh) ∀ g , h ∈ G (1)

⎛ A C⎞ ⎛ A' C ' ⎞
With ρ ( g ) = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟, ρ (h) = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ , this yields:
⎝ 0 B⎠ ⎝ 0 B' ⎠

⎛ A C ⎞ ⎛ A' C ' ⎞ ⎛ AA' ... ⎞

ρ ( g ) ρ (h) = ρ ( gh) = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ (2)
⎝ 0 B ⎠ ⎝ 0 B' ⎠ ⎝ ... BB' ⎠

We can now define mappings ρˆ , ρ~ from G to the space Mp of p×p matrices A and to the

space Mq of q×q matrices B, respectively, as follows:

⎛ A' ' C ' ' ⎞

ρˆ ( x) = "upper left sub-matrix A'' of ρ ( x) = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ∀ x ∈ G "
⎝ 0 B' ' ⎠

⎛ A' ' C ' ' ⎞

ρ~ ( x) = "lower right sub-matrix B'' of ρ ( x) = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ∀ x ∈ G "
⎝ 0 B' ' ⎠

For these definitions, we find for the above group members g, h:

ρˆ ( g ) ρˆ (h) = A ⋅ A' = ρˆ ( gh) [last equality due to eq.(2) and definition of ρ̂ ]

ρ~ ( g ) ρ~ (h) = B ⋅ B' = ρ~ ( gh) [last equality due to eq.(2) and definition of ρ~ ]

This shows that the spaces Mp, Mq each represent the group G.

Juergen Beckmann