Scanning Systems, Ultrasonic, Cardiac Intravascular: Scope of This Product Comparison

Scanning Systems, Ultrasonic, Cardiac; Intravascular
Scope of this Product Comparison

This Product Comparison covers dedicated cardiac ultrasonic scanning systems and general-purpose systems
capable of extensive cardiac scanning; however, features and probes designed for functions other than cardiac
imaging are not discussed. Portable cardiac ultrasonic scanners are included; however, those with only limited
cardiac capabilities are excluded. Intravascular ultrasonic scanning systems that use 360° probes are also covered.
Cardiac scanning system specifications are listed in Chart A; intravascular scanning system specifications are
listed in Chart B.
For information on other types of ultrasonic scanning systems, see the following Product Comparisons:
 Scanning Systems, Ultrasonic, General-Purpose
 Scanning Systems, Ultrasonic, Portable
Purpose
Cardiac ultrasonic scanning systems are designed specifically for real-time,
noninvasive imaging of heart structures and functionality. They are used to
detect such conditions as mitral and aortic stenosis and insufficiency, to
determine the extent of damage from suspected myocardial infarction, and to
diagnose congenital cardiac defects, such as patent ductus arteriosus and
transposition of the great arteries. Cardiac ultrasound can also be used
instead of cardiac catheterization to monitor ventricular function.
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is commonly used for detecting
myocardial ischemia and monitoring cardiac output. Intraoperative use of
TEE allows analysis of regional cardiac wall motion, in which abnormalities
have been shown to develop within 10 to 15 seconds of coronary occlusion.
Some cardiac systems are equipped with vascular capabilities. Vascular
ultrasonic scanning gives the physician profiles of arteries and veins
throughout the body and is used to diagnose atherosclerotic obstructions, occlusions, disease, and incompetence
by means of a two-dimensional (2-D), real-time image of the organ or vessel, as well as a profile of blood-flow
velocity through the area being examined. In many cases, vascular
ultrasonic scanning systems obviate the need for contrast
arteriography, which requires vessel cannulation, contrast media UMDNS Information
injection, and ionizing radiation exposure. Vascular ultrasound
imaging is the primary screening method for deep vein thrombosis This Product Comparison covers the following
device terms and product codes as listed in ECRI
(DVT) (Hedrick et al. 1995). Many ultrasonic scanning systems that Institute’s Universal Medical Device
are marketed primarily for cardiac applications can be used for Nomenclature System™ (UMDNS™):
Scanning Systems, Ultrasonic, Cardiac [17-422]
other applications; however, additional transducers or software Scanning Systems, Ultrasonic, Intravascular [17-746]
may need to be purchased.
5200 Butler Pike, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462-1298, USA  Tel +1 (610) 825-6000  Fax +1 (610) 834-1275  Web www.ecri.org  E-mail hpcs@ecri.org
Scanning Systems, Ultrasonic, Cardiac; Intravascular
Intravascular ultrasonic (IVUS) scanning systems use a high-frequency miniature transducer mounted on the
tip of a catheter to produce 360° cross-sectional images of blood vessels for both diagnostic and therapeutic
applications, including identification of arterial plaque and vessel lesions, measurement of vessel dimensions and
stenosis, monitoring of balloon angioplasty and atherectomy procedures, and deployment of intravascular stents.
Principles of operation
Ultrasound waves are sound waves emitted at frequencies above the
range of human hearing. Ultrasound waves are mechanical (acoustic)
vibrations that require a medium for transmission; because they exhibit the
normal wave properties of reflection, refraction, and diffraction, they can
be predictably aimed, focused, and reflected.
A typical ultrasonic scanning system consists of a beamformer, a central
processing unit, a user interface (e.g., keyboard, control panel, trackball),
several probes (transducers or scanheads), one or more video displays,
some type of recording device, and a power system, usually mounted on a
cart.
To perform cardiac ultrasonic imaging, an ultrasonic probe is placed on
the skin after an acoustic coupling gel has been applied. Ultrasonic probes
contain one or more elements made of piezoelectric materials (materials
that convert electrical energy into acoustic energy and vice versa). When
the ultrasonic energy emitted from the probe is reflected from the tissue,
the transducer receives some of these reflections (echoes) and reconverts
them into electrical signals. These signals are processed to form images of
the tissue.
Various probes of different ultrasonic frequencies are available. For
diagnostic imaging, frequencies ranging from 2 to 30 megahertz (MHz) are
typically used; frequencies of 3 to 4 MHz are normally used for cardiac
scanning, frequencies of 5 to 15 MHz are considered optimal for vascular
scanning, and frequencies of 15 to 30 MHz are used for intravascular
scanning. Probes that generate higher frequencies produce shorter
wavelengths and narrower beams, improving resolution; however, higher-
frequency sound energy is more readily absorbed by tissue, and the usable
depth of penetration is decreased. Higher frequencies can be used for
improved resolution when deep penetration is not necessary (e.g., in
pediatric studies). Many systems now have broadband probes, which have
larger frequency ranges than traditional probes and offer combinations of
deeper penetration and higher resolution in the same probe.
Various modes are available for displaying the returning echoes. B-mode (brightness-modulated mode) is the
scanning system’s basic imaging mode. B-mode produces a real-time, 2-D image that represents a cross-sectional
slice of the area under study. The image is created as the transducer sweeps the pulsed ultrasound beam through
the image plane either electronically or mechanically. The image is updated multiple times to produce a live (real-
time) image, and the sweep (or frame) rate determines how often the image is updated. M-mode (motion mode)
uses a fixed-position pulsed beam to produce a moving display of a single scan line over an interval of time. Used
almost exclusively in cardiac applications, M-mode produces a graphical display of a moving structure (e.g., the
cardiac valve over several heartbeats). Simultaneous display of M- and B-mode images is particularly useful
when examining dynamic structures such as the heart.
Transducers used for 2-D cardiovascular examinations most commonly generate two differently shaped
2 ©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved.

1. Flat Linear 2. Curvilinear 3. Phased
Figure 1. Views of a variety of transducers: (1) flat linear, (2) curvilinear, and (3) phased .
patterns—rectangular (linear) images and wedge-shaped (sector) images. Intravascular transducers produce
radial, or ringlike, doughnut-shaped images. Linear images are produced by flat linear-array transducers, which
contain as many as 128 individual piezoelectric elements arranged in a single line, with available array lengths of
Figure 1. Views of a variety of transducers: (1) flat linear, (2) curvilinear, and (3) phased.
4 to 15 cm. The elements are pulsed sequentially in groups, advancing from one end of the array to the other
while the system switches between transmission and reception modes. This produces a number of parallel
acoustic beams across the length of the array during a single sweep to image a rectangular region directly in front
of the elements. (Figure 1 illustrates the basic types of transducers and the patterns they generate.) As with other
real-time scanners, each linear sweep updates the display with a new cross-sectional image. Various methods are
used to improve image resolution, such as special transmit-and-receive phase-delay techniques that significantly
improve beam focusing and image quality. Because the entire length of the array is placed on the patient’s skin, a
large field of view (FOV) displays structures close to the transducer. Therefore, the flat linear-array (often called
just linear array) system is ideal for vascular examinations in which the vessel might be positioned close to the
transducer—but these systems do have some disadvantages. For example, maintaining complete skin contact
with the large surface of the array is sometimes difficult. In addition, images of structures that lie beneath
obstructions such as bone or gas pockets are difficult to obtain with a linear-array transducer.
Current sector scanning uses array transducers, which consist of a series of linear piezoelectric elements.
Curvilinear-array (convex-array) probes operate similarly to flat linear-array probes, but their convex shape
allows a larger field of view with the same contact area so that images of deep structures can be more easily
obtained.
Electronically steered scanning uses phased-array transducers, which consist of a series of individual
piezoelectric elements operating as a unit. Phased arrays are the same as linear arrays, except that they have
smaller contact areas and electronic timing circuits that allow them to fire groups of elements in a variety of
sequences. This permits each burst of ultrasonic energy to leave the transducer at a slightly different angle.
Transmitting and receiving ultrasonic energy at different angles within the scan plane forms a sector image.
Phased-array transducers are generally smaller and easier to handle than most transducers. However, they
require more sophisticated electronic timing systems. Although they provide a limited FOV for nearby structures,
their smaller scanning surfaces (often as small as 6 mm) permit imaging of structures in tight areas or behind
obstructions (e.g., areas between or behind ribs). Most cardiac ultrasonic systems produce sector images using
transducers with small scanning surfaces. Some systems combine linear- and phased-array techniques to provide
a trapezoidal (often termed “vector”) imaging format. This is accomplished by adding pie-shaped sectors to both
sides of a rectangular linear image. The transducer’s scanning surface is slightly larger than that of a normal
phased-array transducer, and the sector image that is produced has a wider FOV in the near field.
©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved 3

Unlike earlier mechanically steered transducers, electronic transducers provide a greater number of imaging
capabilities, such as simultaneous 2-D and Doppler imaging. And, because they have no moving parts, they also
appear to be more reliable. But in the typical linear-element configuration, with rows of elements arranged
horizontally, electronic focusing is possible only in the 2-D (horizontal) scan plane; therefore, there is no focusing
action along the transducer’s vertical plane to reduce slice thickness.
Multidimensional arrays have the normal row of elements arranged horizontally, but they also have a few (five
to seven) vertical rows of elements. These vertical rows allow the arrays to be focused in the vertical (slice
thickness) plane as well, creating a tighter focal area. However, the vertical focus cannot always be adjusted, nor
can the beams be steered vertically. Nevertheless, these arrays, often referred to as 1.5-dimensional arrays,
provide somewhat better vertical resolution than standard linear arrays.
Each sweep produces a new cross-sectional image (frame) that is used to update the display. Generally, high
frame rates are useful for imaging rapidly moving structures, while lower frame rates provide improved image
quality by increasing the density of the acoustic lines that make up the image. Depending on the system, frame
rates can be fixed, selected by the operator, or varied automatically based on the field of view chosen by the
operator. Some scanning systems permit the user to change the field of view by varying the sector angle.
A scan converter system displays the image on a high-resolution video monitor. During scanning, the
converter assigns discrete shades of gray (grayscale) to the returning echo amplitude levels; the number of shades
depends on how many bits of information can be stored for each point of image memory. Some scanners offer
user-selectable pre- and postprocessing features that permit the operator to optimize the image quality by altering
the texture and grayscale emphasis within the image. The scan converter also permits freeze-frame, which
captures a single real-time frame for display, recording, and analysis. Cine mode (cine loop) allows real-time
playback of several seconds of recently displayed frames as either a continuous loop or a variable-speed, static,
frame-by-frame review.
Some systems allow the operator to magnify (zoom) the display for further examination and can also save
images to hard disks or magneto-optical disks or transfer them via networks for storage on picture archiving and
communication systems (PACS) (see the Product Comparison titled Information Systems, Information and Image
Management, Cardiology for more information).
Many ultrasonic scanning systems suppliers make their systems compliant with the American College of
Radiology/National Electrical Manufacturers Association Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
(DICOM) 3.0 Standard. The purpose of this standard is to allow digital images produced by any medical device to
be stored and transferred through PACS or other means regardless of device supplier.
The maximum display depth of a system indicates the depth for which space is provided on the display rather
than actual penetration by the ultrasound energy, which is based on many factors, including transducer and
signal-processing characteristics. The display depth and the size or field of view of the displayed image are
usually operator selectable.
Scanned structures can be accurately measured using digital calipers—cursors electronically superimposed
over the scanned cross-sectional image that calculate the size of the scanned structure. The calipers can also be
used to plot and measure the area, circumference, or volume of a structure.
A keyboard is used to enter and select information for display, such as patient name, date, and type of study,
with the scanned image. Data-entry keyboards can be used with a computer on some systems to permit
manipulation of the displayed image.
Doppler imaging
Cardiovascular scanners use Doppler imaging to determine the direction and speed of blood flow. Most
scanners include spectral Doppler, either continuous wave (CW) or pulsed wave (PW). CW Doppler, the simplest
spectral Doppler mode, is commonly used for blood-flow analysis where vessel depth information is not

important; it receives information from all the moving reflectors in the path of the beam. CW Doppler can
provide accurate blood velocity through the sample area. PW Doppler is used when depth selectivity is required,
but its use is limited when detecting higher velocities because of the problem of aliasing; when the pulse-
repetition frequency (PRF) is too low to adequately sample the Doppler frequency shift, frequency aliasing causes
high-velocity blood flow in one direction to be displayed as flow in the opposite direction. To resolve the problem
of frequency aliasing, the PRF can be increased or a lower-frequency transducer can be used. Some scanners allow
the use of a high pulse-repetition frequency (HPRF) Doppler mode—a function that corrects for aliasing by
increasing the PRF for a sample volume depth. PW Doppler allows the operator to select the area of interest for
flow analysis using cursors superimposed on the 2-D image. PW depth-selective information is obtained by
acoustic pulses emitted from the transducer, allowing the precise location of the target area, as well as the flow, to
be determined.
Spectral Doppler includes a spectrum analyzer to display frequency shifts plotted against time, with grayscale
intensity varying with the received signal’s strength or amplitude. The spectrum analyzer may also employ fast
Fourier transform (FFT), a high-rate sampling method that analyzes the Doppler-shift signals and performs
complex calculations on them. FFT analyzers typically produce peak and mean displays. The peak display
provides a linear-time waveform that represents the maximum instantaneous velocity present. The mean display
provides a linear-time waveform that represents the statistical mean velocity of all velocities present.
Commercially available spectrum analyzers incorporate various permutations of these displays, but the basic
peak and mean should be adequate for most clinical applications.
Some units provide a simultaneous display of real-time and 2-D and Doppler imaging. Other units freeze the
2-D image when Doppler is engaged; if the transducer or patient moves, however, it can be difficult to determine
the precise anatomic location of the blood flow being measured. Thus, some units update the 2-D image at
adjustable intervals, although the Doppler shuts off during the 2-D update. True simultaneous (duplex) scanners
allow the 2-D image to remain in real time (although at a lower frame rate) while the Doppler beam provides flow
information.
Doppler color-flow mapping (CFM) simultaneously assesses the direction and relative velocity of blood flow at
multiple points along multiple beam paths. The result is an image of the hemodynamics of the heart and vessels.
As conventional 2-D real-time techniques display the anatomic features in black and white, color superimposed
on this image visually depicts the direction and velocity of blood flow. CFM complements and enhances the
diagnostic value of conventional 2-D real-time images, as well as provides more information about and enables
better quantification of the direction and average velocity of blood-flow abnormalities.
Like color television, CFM uses combinations of primary colors. Typically, in cardiac and other vascular
studies, red and blue hues are commonly used. White shades are often added to the colored background to
indicate higher flows, such as those caused by stenotic valves or narrowed vessels. In addition to blood-flow
direction, mean flow rate and degree of variance can also be depicted by CFM.
Many scanning systems are capable of power Doppler imaging, which can be used as an adjunct to CFM.
Power Doppler displays the integrated power of the reflected signal in the conventional color-flow Doppler
technique. It increases the flow sensitivity of color Doppler imaging and provides good results even at angles
perpendicular to the direction of flow, which cannot be visualized at all with standard Doppler. This technology
can produce images of structures not normally seen sonographically. However, power Doppler provides no
quantitative data, such as flow rate or direction.
Some systems offer a triplex mode, which simultaneously acquires and displays 2-D grayscale, spectral
Doppler, and color-flow data. Triplex mode is used in the quantification of blood flow and flow anomalies in
small vessels to improve placement of the Doppler sample volume.

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)

Several suppliers offer transducers for TEE. In this procedure, a small ultrasound transducer is guided into the
esophagus, where it obtains a series of 2-D, Doppler, and color flow images that are relatively artifact-free
because of the close proximity of the esophagus to the heart. Single-plane, biplane, and multiplane transducers
are available for TEE scanning. Biplane TEE probes provide two perpendicular scanning planes—the transverse
(horizontal) and the longitudinal (vertical)—for more detailed cardiovascular imaging. Multiplane TEE probes
allow scanning in several planes and are rapidly supplanting single- and biplane TEE probes.
Contrast agents
The use of contrast agents has recently been very successful, especially in diagnostic evaluations of cardiac
structures and function. Ultrasonic contrast agents are foreign substances (e.g., microbubbles, emulsions, colloidal
suspensions) that have acoustic properties that alter ultrasonic echoes produced by blood or tissue. Placed in the
bloodstream, they can improve the effectiveness of the scan by enhancing blood echogenicity or increasing the
reflectivity between normal and abnormal tissue. Clinical applications of contrast agents include determining the
extent of valvular stenosis or regurgitation and performing both stress echocardiograms to diagnose coronary
disease and myocardial perfusion studies. Contrast enhancement as a simple adjunct to Doppler examination also
shows promise as a less invasive method to allow rapid and more accurate assessment of the severity of left and
right flow abnormalities. TEE is also used with contrast agents to measure blood flow in the heart. Contrast
echocardiography has become an important, cost-effective adjunct to noninvasive diagnosis and evaluation of
cardiac anatomy and physiology. Ultrasound technologies such as harmonic imaging (HI) improve visualization
of contrast agents.
Harmonic imaging (HI)

HI may provide images of higher quality than those provided by conventional techniques. Harmonics are
frequencies that occur at multiples of the fundamental, or transmitted, sonographic frequency. In HI sonography,
ultrasound is transmitted at one frequency and received at twice the transmitted frequency. The returning high-
frequency signal can be isolated from the fundamental signal by use of a filter or addition of inverted
fundamental pulses. This allows the image to be produced by the high-frequency signal alone. Generating 2-D
images from harmonic frequencies improves image quality by improving resolution and reducing artifacts in the
harmonic signal so that the signal-to-noise ratio is improved. Recently, studies have found that the use of HI
without contrast agents also results in enhanced endocardial visualization (Caidahl et al. 1998). This has allowed
the development of tissue harmonic imaging (THI), which is possible because harmonic energy is generated as
ultrasound passes through tissue. THI should facilitate echocardiographic analysis of cardiac function, including
stress cardiography and automatic border detection, and extend interpretability to patients with difficult
characteristics. THI is now available commercially from several companies that produce echocardiographic
equipment.
Intravascular scanning systems

Intravascular ultrasound (also called intraluminal or endovascular ultrasound) uses a miniature high-
frequency transducer mounted on the tip of a catheter to electronically survey arteries from within the lumen.
Cross-sectional vessel imaging is generated by sweeping the ultrasound beam sequentially in a 360° scan angle.
The transducers usually range in frequency from 15 to 30 MHz and are either mechanical or phased array.
Mechanical intravascular transducers contain a rotating transducer element with a flexible shaft. Phased-array
intravascular probes typically use 32 to 64 elements in a radial array near the catheter’s tip.
Catheters are currently available for coronary, peripheral, and intracardiac applications. During intravascular
imaging, the catheter is inserted either percutaneously or through an opening made in a vein or an artery.

Catheter insertion requires a sheath for introduction and 0.035 to 0.0635 cm (0.014 to 0.025 in) guide wires (also
called imaging cores). After the catheter is positioned, a full 360° cross-sectional image from inside the vessel can
be obtained to view plaque deposits or vessel obstructions. Since a mechanical transducer can be moved within
the sheath while it is rotating, catheters are particularly well suited for pullback and longitudinal 2-D display to
assess the distribution of plaque. These 2-D axial images can be reconstructed in three dimensions using special
postprocessing software. This technique provides important diagnostic information about peripheral and
coronary vessel disease that may not be obtainable through angiography or angioscopy.
Some suppliers of intravascular scanners offer intraoperative probes configured either as catheter-based
transducers or as miniaturized transducers for use on the fingertip or between two fingers. Applications include
epicardial scanning for rapid image acquisition before, during, and after cardiac bypass surgery; imaging
coronary artery circulation; and assessing mitral valve reconstructive surgery. Research is focused on using
intraoperative epicardial scanning (with Doppler and CFM) to improve surgical management of cardiac
disorders. Imaging with catheter-based transducers has potential applications in electrophysiology and cardiac
catheterization procedures.
Data analysis
Most cardiac ultrasound data analysis systems include software for B-mode, M-mode, Doppler, and stress-
echo (exercise testing) studies. Other software programs can measure important anatomic regions of the heart and
calculate physiologic parameters such as ejection fraction, cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart valve areas
using measurements that indicate the shape and size of the heart’s features as seen from a particular angle; other
algorithms then determine whether the computed values are within a normal range. A step-by-step instructional
format or menu clearly defines the sequence of commands or codes needed to perform a certain type of analysis.
Although no 2-D image can represent the actual shape of the heart and provide measurements of its overall
dimensions for analysis, parameter values derived from ultrasound data analysis systems correspond well to
those obtained by invasive procedures (e.g., cardiac catheterization).
Software packages for stress-echo testing analyze wall motion of the left ventricle before and during exercise to
detect any abnormalities in muscle contraction that might indicate an area of ischemia caused by coronary artery
occlusion. These abnormal regions are commonly described by their type or degree of muscle movement (e.g.,
normal, akinetic, dyskinetic). An image of the chamber outline in diastole is superimposed over an image in
systole, and the combined image is divided to make wall-motion measurements of the ventricle before and after
contraction. Plotting these measurements against a group of normal contraction values allows the operator to
identify areas of abnormal wall motion, which can be related to the level of ischemia in the muscle. Wall-motion
analysis can also be used to monitor infarcted tissue areas in patients recovering from acute myocardial
infarctions.
The Doppler software package can be used to measure blood flow and flow abnormalities. From an outline of a
Doppler color image of blood backflow into the left atrium, special formulas calculate regurgitant jet area and
determine the severity of mitral regurgitation. Other algorithms reveal evidence of valvular stenosis by searching
for an increase in the velocity of blood flowing through the channels of valves. By analyzing the echo frequency
spectra of the blood flow from precise points inside the heart chambers, certain analytical programs can
distinguish between benign and pathological heart murmurs and identify their points of origin. Some vascular
analysis packages can make calculations automatically.
Some software is flexible enough to allow reprogramming to meet the needs of the individual patient—for
example, redesigning a stress-echo review program to accommodate a patient’s physical and medical condition.
Moreover, because the microprocessors used in many of these systems are not dedicated for use with any one
type of cardiac analysis software, they run any software that can normally be used with the computer.
Hard-copy reports generally include several pages with patient information across the top, calculated
functions in the middle, and a summary of findings, recommendations, and/or a preliminary diagnosis at the

bottom. Other pages in the report can contain chamber-wall analysis diagrams, time/wall-motion graphs, and
charts that plot patient versus normal values for cardiac parameters.
The use of echocardiography requires prompt interpretation to affect patient management; it is now possible to
transmit digitized images over telephone lines and the Internet. Software and hardware are available to transmit
images over standard telephone lines so that a cardiologist in a remote location can interpret images obtained in
an emergency room or other facility. Some ultrasound data analysis systems can be connected to a local area
network—for example, a network of ultrasound scanners, other workstations, and storage devices.
Reported problems
Concerns have been raised about the safety of transmitting ultrasound energy through the human body.
Although there are demonstrated biological effects—tissue heating, cavitations, and potential cell mutations—
associated with ultrasound energy, none of them have been proven to affect patients to a harmful degree.
Nevertheless, it is important to understand these effects. For more information on the biological effects of
ultrasound, see the April 1999 Health Devices article cited in the bibliography.
However, like other ultrasound diagnostic techniques, echocardiography and vascular scanning appear to be
risk-free when used properly. But its accuracy depends on the skill of the operator, who must continuously and
carefully adjust transducer direction and instrument controls to avoid artifacts in ultrasound images, which can
significantly degrade image quality and possibly lead to an incomplete or incorrect diagnosis. Therefore, cardiac
and vascular scanning should be performed only by specially trained technologists. In addition to routine quality-
assurance procedures, the scanner must be maintained in accordance with its manufacturer’s technical support
service.
Ultrasound transducers should be handled carefully to avoid damage. A quality control program should
include frequent testing of transducers and system performance with standard ultrasound phantoms to evaluate
lateral and axial resolution, distance and Doppler accuracy, sensitivity, uniformity, and hard-copy appearance.
Electromechanical problems such as cracks in piezoelectric elements can alter beam width and/or the spatial pulse
length, thereby affecting lateral and axial resolution. Errors in distance measurements can cause incorrect
calculations. An error margin of 2% or less measured over 10 cm is considered acceptable for most ultrasound
systems. The hard-copy image should look the same as the image on the monitor. Most manufacturers can supply
a test pattern on software to evaluate the performance of the recording device.
Purchase considerations
ECRI Institute recommendations
Included in the accompanying comparison charts are ECRI Institute’s recommendations for minimum
performance requirements for cardiac and intravascular ultrasound scanners; recommended specifications have
been categorized into three groups based on specific clinical applications.
Cardiac ultrasonography, or echocardiography, involves assessing the structure and function of the heart and
great vessels. This includes imaging the cardiac valves, heart chambers, wall motion, and thickness. Cardiac
ultrasound can utilize the full range of a scanner’s Doppler capabilities. During echocardiography, flow and
turbulence can be examined throughout the heart and great vessels. Cardiac analysis packages calculate
quantitative 2-D and Doppler values to aid diagnosis. Electrocardiography is normally incorporated for timing
reference. Some units perform stress echocardiography studies. A comprehensive cardiac study requires a full-
featured system, which is typically used in a hospital’s cardiology department or a private cardiology office. A
portable system could be transported from the cardiology department to the bedside, intensive care unit (ICU),
coronary care unit, or catheterization lab or to an off-site clinic. Examinations include comprehensive adult or
pediatric echocardiography. Most cardiac procedures use phased-array probes at frequencies between 2 and 7.5

MHz. Also, cardiac systems should offer at least one TEE probe type that operates at these same frequencies.
A cardiac scanner equipped with vascular sonographic capabilities provides the clinician with flow profiles of
vessels throughout the body to allow diagnosis of arterial and venous abnormalities and their causes. Doppler
further extends vascular techniques by providing flow detection in vessels, such as those found in organs and
tumors and in extremities. Spectral Doppler analysis packages can make calculations automatically. A
comprehensive vascular study requires a full-featured system, which is used in a hospital’s radiology
department, cardiology department, or vascular lab or in a vascular surgeon’s office. Although the majority of
comprehensive vascular studies are performed within the lab of the responsible hospital department, the
department’s personnel perform many routine studies at the patient’s bedside or in the ICU or emergency
department. Examinations include comprehensive extracranial and peripheral vascular studies. Most vascular
studies utilize linear-array probes that operate at frequencies between 5 and 10 MHz.
Intravascular ultrasound is an adjunct to angiography and angioplasty. It uses the same ultrasound imaging
technology described for cardiac and vascular ultrasound. However, the transducer is mounted at the end of a
catheter that is introduced into an artery. In addition to imaging, these catheters can measure the velocity of blood
flow within an artery, which is useful for determining the severity of blockage and shows the composition of the
underlying atherosclerotic plaque. This information can be invaluable in determining which of the many types of
angioplasty procedures would be best to treat the blockage.
Other considerations
When purchasing an ultrasonic scanning system, facilities need to consider six basic issues: scanner functions
and features, cost, ease of use, upgradability, image storage, and customer support. For state-of-the-art cardiac
ultrasound applications, the following features should be incorporated in the system:
 Digital scan converter with a display matrix size of at least 512 x 512 pixels, 6 bits deep (64 shades
of gray)
 PW and CW Doppler
 Adjustable depth-gain control
 Pre- and postprocessing selections or presets specific to cardiac examinations
 CFM
 Cine mode covering several seconds, as well as freeze-frame capability
 Electrocardiogram (ECG)-triggered cardiac measurements
 TEE scanning capability with multiplane TEE transducers
 Frame rates of at least 50 fps
 A useful range of probes
A typical configuration for a cardiac ultrasound system consists of a scanner and software, several single- or
multifrequency transducers, a TEE probe, color Doppler, M-mode, CFM, cardiac analysis software, a VCR, and a
black-and-white or color printer. Pediatric TEE procedures usually require smaller specialty TEE probes, and
intraoperative TEE procedures can require probes with longer cables to facilitate access to the area of interest
while avoiding interference with surgical procedures and/or anesthesia delivery. Some systems may have
optional vascular, abdominal, and/or intraoperative scanning capabilities. Other options include additional
probes (e.g., endocavity), analysis packages (e.g., vascular, urology, obstetrics/gynecology [OB/GYN]), and
image-archiving devices. Purchasers should consider buying a system that is DICOM 3.0 compatible or
upgradable to DICOM 3.0 conformance because networking ultrasonic scanning systems and computer
workstations can make image storage and retrieval, as well as ultrasound department management, more
efficient.
In addition, facilities should ask suppliers if their scanners can perform advanced contrast agent imaging or
can be inexpensively upgraded to perform these procedures.

Ultrasound accreditation
Within the last several years, the American College of Radiology, the American Institute of Ultrasound in
Medicine, the Intersocietal Commission for the Accreditation of Vascular Laboratories, and the Intersocietal
Commission for the Accreditation of Echocardiography Laboratories have introduced accreditation programs for
hospital- and office-based ultrasound practices. These voluntary accreditation programs were created to ensure
the quality of ultrasound imaging because significant variations in the quality of imaging have been found among
hospitals and offices. Healthcare payers and managed care providers could insist on ultrasound accreditation as a
condition for being a referral site or for reimbursement.
Cost containment
Because ultrasound systems entail ongoing maintenance and operational costs, the initial acquisition cost does
not accurately reflect the total cost of ownership. In today’s competitive ultrasound market, there are, in general,
few significant technical differences among high-end ultrasonic scanning systems manufactured by market
leaders. Therefore, a purchase decision should be based on issues such as life-cycle cost (LCC), local service
support, discount rates and non-price-related benefits offered by the supplier, and standardization with existing
equipment in the department or hospital (i.e., purchasing all ultrasonic scanning systems from one supplier).
An LCC analysis can be used to compare alternatives and/or to determine the positive or negative economic
value of a single alternative. For example, hospitals can use LCC analysis techniques to examine the cost-
effectiveness of leasing or renting equipment versus purchasing the equipment outright. Because it examines the
cash-flow impact of initial acquisition costs and operating costs over a period of time, LCC analysis is most useful
for comparing alternatives with different cash flows and for revealing the total costs of equipment ownership.
One LCC technique—present value (PV) analysis—is especially useful because it accounts for inflation and for the
time value of money (i.e., money received today is worth more than money received at a later date). Conducting a
PV/LCC analysis often demonstrates that the cost of ownership includes more than just the initial acquisition cost
and that a small increase in initial acquisition cost may produce significant savings in long-term operating costs.
The PV is calculated using the annual cash outflow, the dollar discount factor (the cost of capital), and the lifetime
of the equipment (in years) in a mathematical equation.
The following represents a sample seven-year PV/LCC analysis for a cardiac/vascular ultrasound system.
Present Value/Life-Cycle Cost Analysis

Assumptions
 Service contract costs are considered for years 2 through 7
 Dollar discount factor is 6%
 Inflation rate is 6% for a full-service contract and 4% for consumables
 Operating and ownership costs are for 1 ultrasonic scanning system, with 10 procedures
performed per day, 5 days per week
 Costs for 1 full-time sonographer include salary, benefits, payroll expenses, and continuing
education
Capital Costs
 Ultrasound scanning system and software = $150,000
 3 transducers @ $14,000 each = $42,000
 Multiplane TEE probe = $42,000
 VCR and color printer = $11,500
Total Capital Costs = $245,500

Operating and Ownership Costs

 Service contract, years 2 through 7 = $15,000/year
 Salary and expenses for 1 full-time equivalent (FTE) = $47,000/year
 ECG electrodes = $2,500/year
 Ultrasound gel = $1,700/year
 Film and report holders, diskettes, printer paper, and videotape = $14,000/year
Total Operating Costs = $65,200 in year 1; $80,200/year in years 2 through 7
PV = ($782,640)
Other costs not included in the above analysis that should be considered for budgetary planning include those
associated with the following:
 Software upgrades not covered by the service contract
 Fulfillment of accreditation program requirements
 Optional specialty probes
 Optional image-archiving or data analysis system
 Utilities
 Other disposables and accessories, such as biopsy needles, contrast agents, phantoms, and
procedure trays
 Contributions to overhead
As illustrated by the above sample PV/LCC analysis, the initial acquisition cost is only a fraction of the total
cost of operation over seven years. Therefore, before making a purchase decision based solely on the acquisition
cost of an ultrasound system, buyers should consider operating costs over the lifetime of the equipment. For
further information on PV/LCC analysis, customized analyses, and purchase decision support, readers should
contact ECRI Institute’s SELECTplus™ Group.
Hospitals can purchase service contracts or service on a time-and-materials basis from the supplier. Service
may also be available from a third-party organization. The decision to purchase a service contract should be
carefully considered. Because ultrasound systems tend to be highly reliable (many suppliers have a 99% to 100%
uptime guarantee), the financial risk associated with not purchasing a service contract may be minimal. However,
the decision to purchase a service contract can be justified for several reasons. Most suppliers provide routine
software updates, which enhance the scanner’s performance, at no charge to service contract customers.
Furthermore, software updates are often cumulative; that is, previous software revisions may be required in
order to install and operate a new performance feature. Purchasing a service contract also ensures that preventive
maintenance will be performed at regular intervals, thereby eliminating the possibility of unexpected
maintenance costs. Also, many suppliers do not extend system performance and uptime guarantees beyond the
length of the warranty unless the system is covered by a service contract. Because transducers and hard-copy
imaging devices are the components of the system most prone to failure or damage, the service contract should
cover probes and hard-copy imaging devices.
ECRI Institute recommends that, to maximize bargaining leverage, hospitals negotiate pricing for service
contracts before the system is purchased. As a guideline, a full-service contract typically costs approximately 8%
of the ultrasound system’s purchase price. Additional service-contract discounts may be negotiable for multiple-
year agreements or for service contracts that are bundled with contracts on other scanners in the department or
hospital. Buyers should also negotiate for a nonobsolescence clause stating that the supplier agrees not to
introduce a replacement system within the next one or two years and that if a replacement system is introduced
during this time period, 100% or some prorated percentage of the purchase price can be applied to the purchase
of the new system.

In addition, given the current highly competitive market for ultrasound, hospitals should negotiate for a
significant discount—some suppliers may discount up to 15% or 25%. The actual discount received will depend
on the hospital’s negotiating skills, the system configuration and model to be purchased, previous experience
with the supplier, and the extent of concessions granted by the supplier, such as extended warranties, fixed prices
for annual service contracts, and guaranteed on-site service response. Buyers should make sure that applications
training is included in the purchase price of the system. Some suppliers do offer more extensive on- or off-site
training programs at an additional cost.
ECRI Institute recommends that buyers consider the number and types of ultrasound studies to be performed
before deciding on a specific system configuration. Also, if multiple scanners are necessary to handle the patient
volume, hospitals should consider the types of scanners and capabilities that need to be purchased to avoid
paying for unnecessary analysis packages and scanning features. For instance, a hospital may want to purchase
three scanners: one dedicated to OB/GYN procedures, one dedicated to general radiology, and one dedicated to
cardiac scanning. In this case, purchasing all three scanners from one supplier could result in a significant
discount. Standardization of equipment can make staff training easier, simplify servicing and parts acquisition,
and provide greater bargaining leverage when negotiating the purchase of new equipment and/or service-
contract costs.
In the last few years, the technology has been evolving and manufacturers have begun introducing portable
ultrasound scanners that are smaller, more sophisticated, easier to use, and less expensive than their
predecessors. Traditionally, portable ultrasound units were purchased and used mainly for situations in which
using a full-sized model was impractical or too expensive because they lacked the advanced features required for
some applications. Although there are currently no portable scanners on the market that are equipped to serve as
a hospital’s only scanner, there are portable units capable of specific applications that rival the capabilities of
conventional full-sized units. The purchase of a portable ultrasonic scanner for applications that previously
would have been handled using a larger, more expensive full-sized scanner may result in considerable savings
for the hospital. When investigating the feasibility of such an approach, facilities should ensure that the models
under consideration offer the capabilities and features they need and provide images of sufficient quality to allow
diagnosis.
Given their relatively low capital cost compared to other imaging equipment, ultrasonic scanning systems are
typically purchased outright; however, leasing for more expensive, high-performance systems is becoming more
common. In general, renting is not a cost-effective alternative.
Stage of development
Cardiac scanning systems have been available since the early 1980s, and intravascular scanners were
introduced commercially in 1990. Trends are moving toward the use of digital processors to provide image
enhancement, improved resolution, analysis of tissue characteristics, and more sophisticated transducer scanning
techniques. This introduction follows the larger trend toward the development of all-digital imaging
departments.
Given ultrasonic imaging’s low cost relative to other imaging technologies (approximately $250,000 for a
typical cardiovascular scanning configuration), its noninvasiveness, the absence of ionizing radiation, and recent
improvements in image quality, ultrasound is one of the fastest-growing imaging techniques. Expanding vascular
applications include guided sclerotherapy; assessment of pelvic venous congestion, saphenous insufficiency,
saphenofemoral reflux, and perforator disease; and imaging of the lower-extremity DVT. Continuing research is
focused on new transducers, three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound, intraoperative ultrasound (the use of
ultrasound imaging to aid in surgery), ultrasound tissue characterization, and ultrasonic contrast agents.
Technologies for 3-D ultrasound, which involves volume-per-second acquisition and display, are available
from a few manufacturers for volume measurements, improved image presentation, and volume-of-interest
studies. 3-D images can be produced by direct online 3-D acquisition, with a transducer scanning a volume

instead of a slice of the tissue. However, most 3-D ultrasound methods use reconstruction of previously acquired
2-D cross-sections or tomograms in an off-line procedure. An advantage of 3-D ultrasound is that it can simulate
intraoperative visualization. Ultrasound images in 3-D may be clinically useful for cardiac, ophthalmic, brain,
prostate, renal, and fetal imaging. In intravascular ultrasound, however, the problems of uneven pullback speeds
and negotiating curved vessels represent important practical limitations that make this technology very difficult
to implement in a clinical setting.
Color Doppler imaging of myocardial tissue to show motion and assess myocardial viability is being
researched for applications in stress echocardiography, evaluations of heart abnormalities (e.g., Wolff-Parkinson-
White syndrome), and reperfusion therapy. This method allows velocity, acceleration, and energy maps of the
Doppler signal to be displayed. Color Doppler ultrasound is also being investigated as a means to determine
whether tumors and lesions are malignant or benign based on the presence—or lack—of blood.
One important aspect of intravascular ultrasound that is continuing to develop and improve is the imaging
guide wire. While some types of guide wires are now available, none fit the description of a true ultrasound
imaging guide wire, which would possess imaging capability, allow for navigation through the vascular system,
and serve as a guide for therapeutic catheters to find their way to the stenotic blood vessel and would not expose
any rotating parts to the vessel wall. The device would consist of a stationary outer housing with a rotating
imaging core inside. This design demands further miniaturization of the flexible driveshaft and the ultrasound
transducer. The main problems with developing these devices come from maintaining image quality, which
requires further research on ultrasound transducers to enhance sensitivity and lateral resolution.
Another technology in intravascular ultrasound that is still in the early stages of development is known as
elastography, or sonoelasticity. This technique has the potential to show the local hardness of vessel walls and
plaques, which would aid in the selection of the appropriate interventional treatment of atherosclerotic luminal
narrowing. The main principle underlying ultrasound elasticity imaging is that the response of a tissue to
mechanical excitation is a function of its mechanical properties. Although elastograms have been obtained
experimentally, the development of this technology for clinical use requires the ability to deal with specific
circumstances that can occur in vivo, such as motion artifacts and eccentric positioning of the catheter.
Some suppliers can now provide remote diagnostics that monitor device performance from remote locations to
diagnose problems before they become apparent to the user.
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Supplier information
Chart A: Cardiac/Vascular Ultrasonic Scanning Systems
ALOKA
Aloka Co Ltd [139280]
6-22-1 Mure Mitaka-shi
Tokyo 181-8622

Japan
Phone: 81 (4) 22456465 Fax: 81 (4) 22454058
Internet: http://www.aloka.co.jp
E-mail: int-sle2@am.aloka.co.jp
Aloka Co Ltd (Asia/Pacific) [262423]

75 Bukit Timah Rd 06-02/03 Boonsiew Bldg
Singapore 0922
Republic of Singapore
Phone: 65 3395211 Fax: 65 3384097
Internet: http://www.aloka.co.jp
Aloka Co Ltd (USA) [150430]

10 Fairfield Blvd
Wallingford, CT 06492
Phone: (203) 269-5088, (800) 872-5652 Fax: (203) 269-6075
Internet: http://www.aloka.com
E-mail: inquiry@aloka.com
Aloka Holding Europe AG [262424]

Steinhauserstrasse 74
Zug CH-6300
Switzerland
Phone: 41 (41) 7472120 Fax: 41 (41) 7472121
Internet: http://www.aloka.ch
E-mail: int.sales@aloka.ch
ESAOTE
Biosound Esaote Inc An Esaote Group Co [104220]
8000 Castleway Dr PO Box 50858
Indianapolis, IN 46250
Phone: (317) 813-6000, (800) 428-4374 Fax: (317) 813-6600
Internet: http://www.biosound.com
E-mail: info@biosound.com
Esaote Biomedica Deutschland GmbH An Esaote Group Co [284867]

Hanns-Braun-Strasse 50
Neufahrn bei Muechen D-85375
Germany
Phone: 49 (180) 5372683 Fax: 49 (8165) 61820
Internet: http://www.esaote.com
E-mail: esaote@esaote.de
Esaote China Ltd An Esaote Group Co [371773]

135 Bonham Strand Trade Centre
Hong Kong
People's Republic of China
Phone: 852 25458386 Fax: 852 25433068
E-mail: esaote@esaotechina.com
Esaote Espana SA An Esaote Group Co [393186]

Avenida San Sebastion s/n
Sant Just Desvern (Barcelona) E-08960

Spain
Phone: 34 (93) 4732090 Fax: 34 (93) 4732042
E-mail: esaote.spain@bcn.servicom.es
FUKUDA DENSHI
Fukuda Denshi Co Ltd [138380]
3-39-4 Hongo Bunkyo-ku
Tokyo 113
Japan
Phone: 81 (3) 56841251 Fax: 81 (3) 38141222
Internet: http://www.fukuda.co.jp
E-mail: info@fukuda.co.jp
Fukuda Denshi Europe [264073]

Allmendstrasse 6
Fehraltorf CH-8320
Switzerland
Phone: 41 (1) 9551144
Fukuda Denshi UK [324748]

13 Westminster Court Hipley Street
Old Woking GU22 9LG
England
Phone: 44 (1483) 728065 Fax: 44 (1483) 728066
Internet: http://www.fukuda.co.uk
E-mail: service@fukuda.co.uk
Fukuda Denshi USA Inc [105044]

17725 NE 65th St Bldg C
Redmond, WA 98052
Phone: (425) 881-7737, (800) 365-6668 Fax: (425) 869-2018
Internet: http://www.fukuda.com
E-mail: info@fukuda.co.jp
GE HEALTHCARE
GE Healthcare USA [439946]
3000 N Grandview Blvd
Waukesha, WI 53188
Phone: (262) 544-3011, (800) 643-6439 Fax: (262) 544-3384
Internet: http://www.gehealthcare.com
GE Healthcare Asia (Japan) [300443]

4-7-127 Asahigaoka Hino-shi
Tokyo 191-8503
Japan
Phone: 81 (3) 425826820 Fax: 81 (3) 425826830
Internet: http://www.gehealthcare.com.jp
E-mail: hisao.matsuka@gemsa.med.ge.com
GE Healthcare Europe [171319]

283 rue de la Miniere boite postale 34
Buc Cedex F-78533
France

Phone: 33 (1) 30704040 Fax: 33 (1) 30709855

GE Healthcare South Africa [340559]

Private Bag X124
Halfway House 1685
South Africa
Phone: 27 (11) 6538800 Fax: 27 (11) 6538801
Internet: http://www.gehealthcareeurope.com/safen/
HITACHI
Hitachi Medical Corp [138226]
1-2-10 Uchikanda Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo 101
Japan
Phone: 81 (3) 32943851 Fax: 81 (3) 32943860
Internet: http://www.hatachi-medical.co.jp
Hitachi Medical Corp of America [107620]

50 Prospect Ave
Tarrytown, NY 10591-4598
Phone: (914) 332-5800, (800) 332-2080 Fax: (914) 332-5555
Internet: http://www.hitachiultrasound.com
E-mail: info@hitachiultrasouncd.com
Hitachi Medical Systems Europe Holdings AG [415945]

Sumpfgasse 24
Zug CH-6300
Switzerland
Phone: 41 (41) 7486333 Fax: 41 (41) 7486332
Internet: http://www.hitachi-medical-systems.com
E-mail: info@hitachi-medical-systems.com
Hitachi Medical Systems GmbH [393172]

Kreuzberger Ring 66
Wiesbaden D-65205
Germany
Phone: 49 (611) 973220 Fax: 49 (611) 9732210
Internet: http://www.hitachi-medical-systems.com
E-mail: hitachi@hitachi-medical-systems.de
KONTRON MEDICAL
Kontron Medical (Asia) [393103]
2 Clementi Loop #04-01 Moreton Logistics Center
Singapore 129809
Republic of Singapore
Phone: 65 4668542 Fax: 65 4668987
Internet: http://www.kontronmedical.com
E-mail: crystlin@singnet.com.sg
Kontron Medical India A Charterhouse Co [442202]

C-44A Shivaji Park Punjabi Bagh Paschim Vihar
New Delhi 110026
India

Phone: 91 (11) 5192456 Fax: 91 (11) 5192456

E-mail: san_kaul@yahoo.com
Kontron Medical SAS A Charterhouse Co [154412]

Zone d'Activites des Gatines 52 rue Pierre Curie boite postale 97
Plaisir Cedex F-78373
France
Phone: 33 (1) 30076600 Fax: 33 (1) 30075582
E-mail: infos@kontronmedical.com
MEDISON
Medison America Inc [155965]
11075 Knott Ave Suite C
Cypress, CA 90630
Phone: (714) 889-3000, (800) 829-7666 Fax: (714) 889-3030
Internet: http://www.medisonusa.com
E-mail: info@medisonusa.com
Medison Co Ltd [146952]

Medison Venture Tower 997-10 Daechi-dong Kangnam-ku
Seoul 135-280
Republic of Korea
Phone: 82 (2) 21941400 Fax: 82 (2) 21941168
Internet: http://www.medison.com
E-mail: sales@medison.com
Medison Europa GmbH [157007]

Raiffeisenstrasse 6
Langenfeld D-40764
Germany
Phone: 49 (02173) 97550 Fax: 49 (02173) 975540
Medison Japan Co Ltd [354554]

Kashiwa Building 6/Fl 3-40-11 Hong Bunkyo-ku
Tokyo 113-0033
Japan
Phone: 81 (3) 5805-7631 Fax: 81 (3) 5805-7632
Internet: http://www.medison.co.jp
E-mail: info@medison.co.jp
PHILIPS MEDICAL
Philips Medical Systems Asia [188101]
30/Fl Hopewell Centre 17 Kennedy Road
Wanchai
People's Republic of China
Phone: 852 28215888 Fax: 852 25276727
Internet: http://www.medical.philips.com
E-mail: medical@philips.com
Philips Medical Systems North America [102120]

22100 Bothell-Everett Hwy PO Box 3003
Bothell, WA 98041-3003

Phone: (425) 487-7000, (800) 722-7900 Fax: (425) 485-6080

E-mail: medical@philips.com
Philips Medical Systems UK Ltd [415447]

The Observatory Castlefield Road
Reigate RH2 0FY
England
Phone: 44 (1737) 230503 Fax: 44 (1737) 230501
E-mail: PMS-UK.Enquiries@philips.com
Philips Medizin Systeme GmbH [160137]

Roentgenstrasse 24
Hamburg D-22335
Germany
Phone: 49 (040) 50780
Internet: http://www.medizin.philips.com
SIEMENS
Siemens AG Siemens Health Services [401832]
Hartmannstrasse 16
Erlangen D-91052
Germany
Phone: 49 (9131) 840 Fax: 49 (9131) 842379
Internet: http://www.siemensmedical.com
E-mail: info@siemens.com
Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc Ultrasound Div [399202]

1230 Shorebird Way
Mountain View, CA 94043-7393
Phone: (650) 969-9112, (800) 422-8766 Fax: (650) 968-1833
Internet: http://www.siemensmedical.com/ultrasound
Siemens-Asahi Medical Technologies Ltd [178463]

20-14 Higashi-Gotanda 3-chome Shinagawa-ku
Tokyo 141-8644
Japan
Phone: 81 (3) 54238489 Fax: 81 (3) 54238491
Internet: http://www.siemens.com
E-mail: info.skk@siemens.com
Siemens SA de CV [339105]
Poniente 116 No 590
Cd de Mexico 02300
Mexico
Phone: 52 (5) 3282000 Fax: 52 (5) 3282017
Internet: http://www.siemens.de
TOSHIBA
Toshiba America Medical Systems Inc [101894]
2441 Michelle Dr
Tustin, CA 92780
Phone: (714) 730-5000, (800) 621-1968 Fax: (714) 734-0362

Internet: http://www.medical.toshiba.com
E-mail: info@tams.com
Toshiba Corp Medical Systems Co Ltd [140664]

1385 Shimoishigami
Otawara-shi 324-8550
Japan
Phone: 81 (287) 266301 Fax: 81 (287) 266050
Internet: http://www.toshiba-medical.co.jp
E-mail: info@tams.com
Toshiba Medical (Australia) Pty Ltd [373230]

12-24 Talavera Rd
North Ryde 2113
Australia
Phone: 61 (2) 98878003 Fax: 61 (2) 98874866
Internet: http://www.medical.toshiba.com.au
E-mail: intouch@toshiba-tap.com
Toshiba Medical Systems Europe bv [160817]

Zilverstraat 1
Zoetermeer NL-2718 RP
The Netherlands
Phone: 31 (79) 3689222 Fax: 31 (79) 3689444
Internet: http://www.toshiba-europe.com/medical
E-mail: info@tmse.nl
Chart B: Intravascular Ultrasonic Scanning Systems

BOSTON SCIENTIFIC
Boston Scientific Corp [107135]
One Boston Scientific Pl
Natick, MA 01760
Phone: (508) 650-8000, (888) 272-1001 Fax: (508) 647-2200
Internet: http://www.bostonscientific.com
E-mail: info@bsci.com
Boston Scientific Corp [107135]

One Boston Scientific Pl
Natick, MA 01760
Phone: (508) 650-8000, (888) 272-1001 Fax: (508) 647-2200
Internet: http://www.bostonscientific.com
E-mail: info@bsci.com
Boston Scientific Japan KK [342198]

4/Fl Nikko Building 1-14-11 Nishi-Shinjuku Shinjuku-ku
Tokyo 160-0023
Japan
Phone: 81 (3) 33439285 Fax: 81 (3) 33430282
Internet: http://www.bsci.com
Boston Scientific Ltd (UK) [392189]

New England House Sandridge Park Porters Wood
St Albans AL3 6PH

England
Phone: 44 (1727) 831666 Fax: 44 (1727) 865862
Internet: http://www.bsci.com
GE HEALTHCARE
GE Healthcare USA [439946]
3000 N Grandview Blvd
Waukesha, WI 53188
Phone: (262) 544-3011, (800) 643-6439 Fax: (262) 544-3384
GE Healthcare Asia (Japan) [300443]

4-7-127 Asahigaoka Hino-shi
Tokyo 191-8503
Japan
Phone: 81 (3) 425826820 Fax: 81 (3) 425826830
Internet: http://www.gehealthcare.com.jp
E-mail: hisao.matsuka@gemsa.med.ge.com
GE Healthcare Europe [171319]

283 rue de la Miniere boite postale 34
Buc Cedex F-78533
France
Phone: 33 (1) 30704040 Fax: 33 (1) 30709855
GE Healthcare South Africa [340559]

Private Bag X124
Halfway House 1685
South Africa
Phone: 27 (11) 6538800 Fax: 27 (11) 6538801
Internet: http://www.gehealthcareeurope.com/safen/
VOLCANO
Volcano Corp (Belgium) [440157]
Excelsiorlaan 41
Zeventem B-1930
Belgium
Phone: 32 (2) 6791076 Fax: 46 (2) 6791072
Internet: http://www.volcanocorp.com
E-mail: info@volcanocorp.com
Volcano Corp [440156]

2870 Kilgore Rd
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
Phone: (916) 638-8008, (800) 228-4728 Fax: (916) 638-8812
Internet: http://www.volcanocorp.com
E-mail: info@volcanocorp.com
Note: The data in the charts derive from suppliers’ specifications and have not been verified through
independent testing by ECRI Institute or any other agency. Because test methods vary, different products’
specifications are not always comparable. Moreover, products and specifications are subject to frequent changes.

ECRI Institute is not responsible for the quality or validity of the information presented or for any adverse
consequences of acting on such information.
When reading the charts, keep in mind that, unless otherwise noted, the list price does not reflect supplier
discounts. And although we try to indicate which features and characteristics are standard and which are not,
some may be optional, at additional cost.
For those models whose prices were supplied to us in currencies other than U.S. dollars, we have also listed the
conversion to U.S. dollars to facilitate comparison among models. However, keep in mind that exchange rates change
often.
Need to know more?

For further information about the contents of this Product Comparison, contact the HPCS Hotline at +1 (610)
825-6000, ext. 5265; +1 (610) 834-1275 (fax); or hpcs@ecri.org (e-mail).
Last updated March 2009

Policy Statement
The Healthcare Product Comparison System (HPCS) is published by ECRI Institute, a nonprofit organization.
HPCS provides comprehensive information to help healthcare professionals select and purchase diagnostic and
therapeutic capital equipment more effectively in support of improved patient care.
The information in Product Comparisons comes from a number of sources: medical and biomedical
engineering literature, correspondence and discussion with manufacturers and distributors, specifications from
product literature, and ECRI Institute’s Problem Reporting System. While these data are reviewed by qualified
health professionals, they have not been tested by ECRI Institute’s clinical and engineering personnel and are
largely unconfirmed. The Healthcare Product Comparison System and ECRI Institute are not responsible for the
quality or validity of information derived from outside sources or for any adverse consequences of acting on such
information.
The appearance or listing of any item, or the use of a photograph thereof, in the Healthcare Product Comparison
System does not constitute the endorsement or approval of the product’s quality, performance, or value, or of
claims made for it by the manufacturer. The information and photographs published in Product Comparisons
appear at no charge to manufacturers.
Many of the words or model descriptions appearing in the Healthcare Product Comparison System are
proprietary names (e.g., trademarks), even though no reference to this fact may be made. The appearance of any
name without designation as proprietary should not be regarded as a representation that is not the subject of
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Product Comparison System accepts no advertising and has no obligations to any commercial interests. ECRI
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Product Comparison Charts

MODEL ECRI INSTITUTE'S ECRI INSTITUTE'S ALOKA ALOKA

RECOMMENDED RECOMMENDED
SPECIFICATIONS1 SPECIFICATIONS1
Cardiac Ultrasonic Scanning Ultrasonic Scanning ProSound Alpha 10 ProSound Alpha 5sx
Systems Systems with Vascular
Options
WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide
FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes
CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes
DICOM 3.0 COMPLIANT Yes Yes Yes Yes
CONFIGURATION Conventional Conventional
APPLICATIONS
Cardiac Yes Yes
Vascular Yes Yes
Other Intraoperative, laparoscopic, Intraoperative, laparoscopic,
OB/GYN, breast, urology, OB/GYN, breast, urology,
abdominal, small parts, abdominal, small parts,
pediatric, neonatal, pediatric, neonatal,
musculoskeletal, musculoskeletal,
brachytherapy, endovaginal, brachytherapy, endovaginal,
transrectal, TEE transrectal, TEE
(adult/pediatric/neonatal) (adult/pediatric/neonatal)
PROBE TYPES, MHz
Mechanical sector No No
Annular array Optional No
Linear array 5-10 Yes Yes
Curvilinear (convex) Yes Yes
array
Phased array 2-7.5 Yes Yes
Multifrequency Yes Up to 5 frequencies, probe
dependent
TEE
Single-plane TEE 2-7.5 No No
Biplane TEE 2-7.5 Yes, pediatric No
Multiplane TEE 2-7.5 Motorized and manual Yes
rotation
Pediatric TEE 2-7.5 Yes, and neonatal Yes, and neonatal
Others Laparoscopic, bur hole, Laparoscopic, bur hole,
intraoperative intraoperative
SECTOR ANGLE, ° 90 90
GRAYSCALE LEVELS 256 256 256 256
This is the first of four pages

covering the above
model(s). These
specifications continue onto
the next three pages.


Options
PREPROCESSING Yes Yes Yes Yes
POSTPROCESSING Yes Yes Yes Yes
IMAGING MODES
M-mode display Yes Yes Yes
M-mode and 2-D Yes Yes Yes
Harmonic imaging Yes Yes Yes
3-D display Yes Yes
4-D (live 3-D) display Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
Doppler
Color flow mapping Yes Yes Yes Yes
Spectral
CW Yes Yes Yes
PW Yes Yes Yes Yes
Other HPRF HPRF
Power Yes Yes Yes
Frequency, MHz 2.1-13 2.1-13
Velocity display Yes Yes Yes Yes
PRF, kHz 0.5-20 0.5-20
Duplex Yes Yes Yes Yes
Triplex mode Yes Yes
FUNCTIONALITY
Digital calipers Distance, area Distance Yes Yes
Spectrum analyzer Yes Yes Yes Yes
Selectable dynamic Yes Yes
range
Adjustable transmit Yes Yes
focus
Dynamic receive focus Yes Yes
Measurements on VCR Yes Yes
replay
This is the second of four

pages covering the above
model(s). These
the next two pages.


Options
DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
Pan/zoom
Real-time image Yes Yes Yes Yes
Frozen image Yes Yes
Cine Yes Yes Yes Yes
Max number frames 16,320 2,048
SINGLE/DUAL MONITORS Single LCD Single LCD
SPLIT SCREEN Yes Yes
IMAGE STORAGE Built-in HDD, USB memory, Built-in HDD, USB memory,
METHOD DVD, CD-R DVD, CD-R
Capacity, number of Not specified Not specified
stored images
PHYSIOLOGIC DATA ECG ECG, PCG, pulse wave, ECG, PCG, pulse wave,
auxiliary input auxiliary input
ANALYSIS PACKAGES
Cardiac scanning Yes Yes Yes
Vascular scanning Yes Yes Yes
Stress echo Yes Yes Yes
Others A-SMA (automated OB/GYN, urology, pediatric
segmental motion analysis), hip
echo tracking (arterial
stiffness analysis), FMD
(flow mediated dilation)
analysis, WI (wave
intensity), TDI (tissue
Doppler image) analysis,
contrast echo analysis
POWER REQUIREMENTS 115 or 200-240 ±10%, 115 or 200-240 ±10%,
VAC 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz
H x W x D, cm (in) [146-165] x 58 x 109 ([57.5- [131-171] x 55 x 98 ([52.4-
65.0] x 22.8 x 42.9) 67.3] x 21.7 x 38.6)
WEIGHT, kg (lb) 210 (463) 180 (397)
CARDIAC/VASCULAR
CONFIGURATION
List price range Not specified Not specified
This is the third of four

model(s). These
the next page.


Options
WARRANTY Not specified Not specified
YEAR FIRST SOLD 2005 2004
NUMBER INSTALLED Not specified Not specified
FISCAL YEAR April to March April to March
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Compound pulse-wave Pure harmonic detection;
generator; 12-bit A/D 12-bit A/D conversion; free
conversion; free angular M- angular M-mode (real time
mode (real time or cine); or cine); tissue harmonics;
tissue harmonics; real-time real-time 3-D; HST probes;
3-D; HST probes; multibeam processing;
multibeam processing; tissue Doppler imaging. IEC
tissue Doppler imaging. IEC 60601-1 Class 1 Type BF
60601-1 Class 1 Type BF and ETL listed (UL 2601).
and ETL listed (UL 2601).
UMDNS CODE(S) 17422 17422 17422 17422
LAST UPDATED March 2008 March 2008
Supplier Footnotes 1These recommendations 1These recommendations
are the opinions of ECRI are the opinions of ECRI
Institute's technology Institute's technology
experts. ECRI Institute experts. ECRI Institute
assumes no liability for assumes no liability for
decisions made based on decisions made based on
this data. this data.
Model Footnotes
Data Footnotes

MODEL ALOKA ALOKA ALOKA ESAOTE

ProSound Alpha 7 SSD-4000sv SSD-5500SV MyLab 30 Xvision
WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide
FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes Yes Yes
CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes Yes Yes
CONFIGURATION Conventional Conventional Conventional Portable
APPLICATIONS
Cardiac Yes Yes Yes Yes
Vascular Yes Yes Yes Yes
Other Intraoperative, laparoscopic, Intraoperative, laparoscopic, Intraoperative, laparoscopic, Abdominal, adult cephalic
OB/GYN, breast, urology, OB/GYN, breast, urology, OB/GYN, breast, urology, (TCD), breast, MSK,
abdominal, small parts, abdominal, small parts, abdominal, small parts, neonatal, pediatric,
pediatric, neonatal, pediatric, neonatal, pediatric, neonatal, OB/GYN, small parts,
musculoskeletal, musculoskeletal, musculoskeletal, thyroid, urology
brachytherapy, endovaginal, brachytherapy, endovaginal, brachytherapy, endovaginal,
transrectal, TEE transrectal, TEE (adult) transrectal, TEE
(adult/pediatric/neonatal) (adult/pediatric/neonatal)
PROBE TYPES, MHz
Mechanical sector No No No NA
Annular array No No No NA
Linear array Yes Yes 3-13 3.3-18
Curvilinear (convex) Yes Yes 2-10 1-9
array
Phased array Yes Yes 1-10 1-10
Multifrequency Yes Yes Up to 5 frequencies, probe All probes
dependent
TEE
Single-plane TEE No No No NA
Biplane TEE No No Pediatric NA
Multiplane TEE Manual rotation Yes Yes 3.3-7.5
Pediatric TEE Yes (and also neonatal) No Yes 3.3-10
Others Laparoscopic, bur hole, Laparoscopic, bur hole, Laparoscopic, bur hole, Pedoff and pencil CW
intraoperative intraoperative intraoperative Doppler, endocavity,
intraoperative
SECTOR ANGLE, ° 90 >700 90 Up to 200

covering the above
model(s). These


IMAGING MODES
M-mode display Yes Yes Yes Yes
M-mode and 2-D Yes Yes Yes Yes
Harmonic imaging Yes Yes Yes Yes
3-D display Yes Yes Yes Noncardiac only
Doppler
Spectral
CW Yes Yes Yes Steerable
PW Yes Yes Yes Yes
Other HPRF HPRF HPRF HPRF, tissue
Power Yes Yes Yes Yes (directional)
Frequency, MHz 2.1-13 2.1-10 2.14-10 2-10
PRF, kHz 0.3-20 0.5-20 0.5-20 0.3-14
Triplex mode Yes Yes Yes Yes
FUNCTIONALITY
Digital calipers Yes Yes Yes Yes
Spectrum analyzer Yes Yes Yes FFT
Selectable dynamic Yes Yes Yes Yes
range
Adjustable transmit Yes Yes Yes Yes
focus
Dynamic receive focus Yes Yes Yes Yes
Measurements on VCR Yes Yes Yes Yes
replay

model(s). These
the next two pages.


DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
Pan/zoom
Frozen image Yes Yes Yes Yes
Max number frames 19,065 2,048 1,024 400
SINGLE/DUAL MONITORS Single LCD Single noninterlaced CRT Single noninterlaced Single, 15" high-resolution
LCD
SPLIT SCREEN Yes Yes Yes Dual/quad
IMAGE STORAGE Built-in HDD, USB memory, Built-in HDD, USB memory, Hard disk, MOD CD/DVD, USB, Windows
METHOD DVD, CD-R DVD, CD-R network, DICOM
Capacity, number of Not specified Not specified >1,000 HD; 4,000 MOD >80 GB HD
stored images
PHYSIOLOGIC DATA ECG, PCG, pulse wave, ECG, PCG, pulse wave, ECG, PCG, pulse wave, ECG
auxiliary input auxiliary input auxiliary input
ANALYSIS PACKAGES
Cardiac scanning Yes Yes Yes Yes
Vascular scanning Yes Yes Yes Yes
Stress echo Yes Yes Yes Yes
Others A-SMA (automated OB/GYN, urology, pediatric OB/GYN, urology, pediatric Abdominal, adult cephalic
segmental motion analysis), hip hip (TCD), breast, MSK,
echo tracking (arterial neonatal, pediatric,
stiffness analysis), FMD OB/GYN, small parts,
(flow mediated dilation) thyroid, urology
analysis, WI (wave
intensity), TDI (tissue
Doppler image) analysis,
contrast echo analysis
POWER REQUIREMENTS 115 or 200-240 ±10%, 115 or 200-240 ±10%, 115 or 200-240 ±10%, 110/220, 50/60 Hz
VAC 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz
H x W x D, cm (in) [136-170] x 49 x 79 ([53.5- [131-156] x 49 x 86 ([51.6 x [132-157] x 60 x 98 ([52 x 15.2 x 35.6 x 49.5 (6 x 14 x
66.9] x 19.3 x 31.1) 61.4] x 19.3 x 33.9) 62] x 23.6 x 38.6) 19.5)
WEIGHT, kg (lb) 107 (236) 150 (331) 180 (397) 10 (19)
CARDIAC/VASCULAR
CONFIGURATION
List price range Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

model(s). These
the next page.


WARRANTY Not specified Not specified Not specified 1 year
YEAR FIRST SOLD 2007 2004 2003 2004
NUMBER INSTALLED Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
FISCAL YEAR April to March April to March April to March January to December
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. Pure harmonic detection; Extended pure harmonic Compact portable system;
12-bit A/D conversion; free detection; 12-bit A/D multifrequency imaging,
angular M-mode (real time conversion; free angular M- complete stress-echo
or cine); tissue harmonics; mode (real time or cine); package; Xstrain 2-D based
real-time 3-D; W-SHD tissue harmonics; volume strain/strain rate, Xvision
probes; multibeam mode (3-D); HST probes; speckle reduction, CD/DVD-
processing; tissue Doppler multibeam processing; R/RW, USB pen drive,
imaging. IEC 60601-1 Class tissue Doppler imaging. IEC Windows network, DICOM,
1 Type BF and ETL listed 60601-1 Class 1 Type BF RJ-45 Ethernet. Meets
(UL 2601). and ETL listed (UL 2601). requirements of IEC 60601-
1.
UMDNS CODE(S) 17422 17422 17422 17422
LAST UPDATED March 2008 March 2008 March 2007 March 2008
Supplier Footnotes
Model Footnotes
Data Footnotes

MODEL ESAOTE ESAOTE ESAOTE FUKUDA DENSHI

MyLab 40 MyLab 50 Xvision MyLab 70 Xvision UF-750XT
CONFIGURATION Compact conventional Conventional Conventional Portable
APPLICATIONS
Other Abdominal, adult cephalic Abdominal, adult cephalic Abdominal, adult cephalic Abdominal, OB/GYN, small
(TCD), breast, MSK, (TCD), breast, MSK, (TCD), breast, MSK, parts, musculoskeletal,
neonatal, pediatric, neonatal, pediatric, neonatal, pediatric, urology, pediatric
OB/GYN, small parts, OB/GYN, small parts, OB/GYN, small parts,
thyroid, urology thyroid, urology thyroid, urology
PROBE TYPES, MHz
Mechanical sector NA NA NA No
Annular array NA NA NA No
Linear array 3.3-18 3.3-18 3.3-18 6-9
Curvilinear (convex) 1-9 1-9 1-9 2.5-8
array
Phased array 1-10 1-10 1-10 No
Multifrequency All probes All probes All probes Yes
TEE
Single-plane TEE NA NA NA No
Biplane TEE NA NA NA No
Multiplane TEE 3.3-7.5 3.3-7.5 3.3-7.5 No
Pediatric TEE 3.3-10 3.3-10 3.3-10 No
Others Pedoff and pencil CW Pedoff and pencil CW Pedoff and pencil CW 4-7 endovaginal
Doppler, endocavity, Doppler, endocavity, Doppler, endocavity,
intraoperative intraoperative intraoperative
SECTOR ANGLE, ° Up to 200 Up to 200 Up to 200 120

covering the above
model(s). These


IMAGING MODES
3-D display Noncardiac only Noncardiac only Noncardiac only No
Doppler
Spectral
CW Steerable Steerable Steerable No
PW Yes Yes Yes Yes
Other HPRF, tissue HPRF, tissue HPRF, tissue NA
Power Yes (directional) Yes (directional) Yes (directional) Yes
Frequency, MHz 2-10 2-10 2-12.5 2-6
PRF, kHz 0.3-14 0.3-14 0.5-29 ≤1 to ≥16 PW
Triplex mode Yes Yes Yes No
FUNCTIONALITY
Spectrum analyzer FFT FFT FFT Yes
range
focus
Measurements on VCR Yes Yes Yes No
replay

model(s). These
the next two pages.


DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
Pan/zoom
Max number frames 400 400 512 535
SINGLE/DUAL MONITORS Single, 17" high-resolution Single, 17" high-resolution Single, 19" high-resolution Single
LCD LCD LCD
SPLIT SCREEN Dual/quad Dual/quad Dual/quad Yes
IMAGE STORAGE CD/DVD, USB, Windows CD/DVD, USB, Windows CD/DVD, USB, Windows MOD, VCR, printer, optional
METHOD network, DICOM network, DICOM network, DICOM HDD
Capacity, number of >80 GB HD >80 GB HD >80 GB HD 4,000 frames MO 640 MB;
stored images 125,000 frames HDD
PHYSIOLOGIC DATA ECG ECG ECG Optional ECG
ANALYSIS PACKAGES
Vascular scanning Yes Yes Yes No
Stress echo Yes Yes Yes No
Others Abdominal, adult cephalic Abdominal, adult cephalic Abdominal, adult cephalic OB/GYN
(TCD), breast, MSK, (TCD), breast, MSK, (TCD), breast, MSK,
neonatal, pediatric, neonatal, pediatric, neonatal, pediatric,
OB/GYN, small parts, OB/GYN, small parts, OB/GYN, small parts,
thyroid, urology thyroid, urology thyroid, urology
POWER REQUIREMENTS Not specified 110/220, 50/60 Hz 110/220, 50/60 Hz 100/115/230, 50/60 Hz
VAC
H x W x D, cm (in) 135 x 54 x 80 (53 x 21 x 31) 155 x 60 x 90 (61 x 24 x 35) [148-155] x 63 x 102 ([58- 37 x 38 x 22.2 (14.6 x 15 x
61] x 25 x 40) 8.7)
WEIGHT, kg (lb) 70 (154) 100 (220) 110 (242) 13 (28.6)
CARDIAC/VASCULAR
CONFIGURATION

model(s). These
the next page.


WARRANTY 1 year 1 year 1 year 1year
YEAR FIRST SOLD 2007 2005 2006 Not specified
FISCAL YEAR January to December January to December January to December April to March
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Compact console system; Console system; Console system; None specified.
multifrequency imaging, multifrequency imaging, multifrequency imaging,
complete stress-echo complete stress-echo Xvision speckle reduction,
package; Xstrain 2-D based package; Xstrain 2-D based CD/DVD-R/RW, USB pen
strain/strain rate, CD/DVD- strain/strain rate, Xvision drive, Windows network,
R/RW, USB pen drive, speckle reduction, CD/DVD- DICOM, RJ-45 Ethernet.
Windows network, DICOM, R/RW, USB pen drive, Meets requirements of IEC
RJ-45 Ethernet. Meets Windows network, DICOM, 60601-1.
requirements of IEC 60601- RJ-45 Ethernet. Meets
1. requirements of IEC 60601-
1.
UMDNS CODE(S) 17422 17422 17422 17422
Supplier Footnotes
Model Footnotes
Data Footnotes

MODEL FUKUDA DENSHI GE HEALTHCARE GE HEALTHCARE GE HEALTHCARE

UF-850XTD-L : UF- Vivid 3 Expert Vivid 3 Pro Vivid 4
850XTD-C
DICOM 3.0 COMPLIANT Optional Yes Yes Yes
CONFIGURATION Conventional Conventional Conventional Conventional
APPLICATIONS
Other Abdominal, OB/GYN, small OB/GYN, intraoperative, OB/GYN, intraoperative, OB/GYN, intraoperative,
parts, musculoskeletal, FlexiView, MPEGvue, LVO FlexiView, MPEGvue, LVO FlexiView, MPEGvue, LVO
urology, pediatric contrast, IMT contrast, IMT contrast, IMT
PROBE TYPES, MHz
Mechanical sector No NA NA NA
Annular array No NA NA NA
Linear array 6-14 12L, 10L, 7L 12L, 10L, 7L M12L, 12L, 10L, 9L
Curvilinear (convex) 2.5-8 C358, C721 C358, C721 M7C, 5C, 3.5C, 8C, E8C
array
Phased array 2.5-8 3S, 5S, 7S, 10S 3S, 5S, 7S, 10S 3S, 5S, 7S, 10S
Multifrequency Yes All probes All probes All probes
TEE
Single-plane TEE No NA NA NA
Biplane TEE No NA NA NA
Multiplane TEE No 6T 6T 6T-OR (adult), 9T (pediatric)
Pediatric TEE No 9T 9T 9T
Others 5-7 endovaginal Intraoperative: i8L, I13L, Intraoperative: i8L, I13L, Epicardial: i13L, i8L
I739, T739, endovaginal: I739, T739, endovaginal: endovaginal: E8C, pencil:
E721, pencil: P2D, P6D E721, pencil: P2D, P6D P2D, P6D; 2D, 6D pencil
SECTOR ANGLE, ° 147 90 FPA, 120 E721 90 FPA, 120 E721 90 FPA, 128 CLA
GRAYSCALE LEVELS 256 256/12-bit 256/12-bit 256/12-bit

covering the above
model(s). These


850XTD-C
IMAGING MODES
3-D display No Yes (vascular) Yes (vascular) No
Doppler
Spectral
CW Optional Yes Yes Yes
PW Yes Yes Yes Yes
Other NA No No TVI, TTI, SRI, strain, TSI
Power Yes Yes Yes Yes
Frequency, MHz 2-10 Probe dependent Probe dependent Probe dependent
PRF, kHz ≤1 to ≥20 PW, ≤4 to ≥64 50 50 50
CW
FUNCTIONALITY
Selectable dynamic Yes 40-100 dB 40-100 dB 30-110 dB
range
focus
Measurements on VCR No, available to stored Yes Yes Yes
replay images

model(s). These
the next two pages.


850XTD-C
DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
Pan/zoom
Max number frames 1,858 24,000 frames (200 fps x 24,000 frames (200 fps x 24,000 frames (200 fps x
120 sec) 120 sec) 120 sec)
SINGLE/DUAL MONITORS Single Single Single Single
SPLIT SCREEN Yes Split and quad Split and quad Split and quad
IMAGE STORAGE MOD or CD-R, VCR, printer, HD, MOD, CD, VCR, black- HD, MOD, CD, VCR, black- HD, MOD, CD, VCR, black-
METHOD optional HDD and-white and color printer and-white and color printer and-white and color printer
Capacity, number of 4,000 frames MO 640 MB; 68 GB 68 GB 80 GB
stored images 125,000 frames HDD
PHYSIOLOGIC DATA ECG, PCG, optional AUX Yes Yes Yes
ANALYSIS PACKAGES
Stress echo No Yes Yes Yes
Others OB/GYN, user- Anatomic M-mode, Anatomic M-mode, Advanced analysis tools for
programmable calculations automatic tissue automatic tissue velocity traces, curved
optimization, FlexiView optimization, FlexiView AMM, TSI, AFI, and others
POWER REQUIREMENTS 100/115/230, 50/60 Hz 110-120, 220-240 110-120, 220-240 110-120, 220-240
VAC
H x W x D, cm (in) [136-145.5] x 48 x 82 ([53.5- 130 x 62.5 x 112 (51.6 x 25 130 x 62.5 x 112 (51.6 x 25 130 x 62.5 x 112 (51.6 x 25
57.3] x 18.9 x 32.3) : [137- x 44) x 44) x 44)
146.5] x 48 x 82 ([53.9-57.7]
x 18.9 x 32.3)
WEIGHT, kg (lb) 100 (220) : 115 (253) 160 (350) 160 (350) 419 (190)
CARDIAC/VASCULAR
CONFIGURATION

model(s). These
the next page.


850XTD-C
WARRANTY 1 year 1 year 1 year 1 year
YEAR FIRST SOLD Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
FISCAL YEAR April to March January to December January to December January to December
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS LCD monitor : CRT monitor. Plug and scan for fast Plug and scan for fast Raw data DICOM (raw
reboot, high-contrast 17" reboot, 15" monitor, high ultrasound data quantifiable
monitor, high frame rates in frame rates in 2-D and with original frame rate
2-D and color, ATO; raw color, ATO; raw data encapsulated in DICOM
data DICOM (raw DICOM (raw ultrasound shell); EchoPAC PC
ultrasound data quantifiable data quantifiable with (external workstation for
with original frame rate original frame rate advanced postprocessing
encapsulated in DICOM encapsulated in DICOM based on same TruScan
shell); EchoPAC PC shell); EchoPAC PC architecture) as scanner;
(external workstation for (external workstation for floating keyboard; CRT or
advanced postprocessing advanced postprocessing LCD monitor options.
based on the same TruScan based on the same TruScan
architecture); supports 18 architecture); supports 18
different probes. different probes.
UMDNS CODE(S) 17422 17422 17422 17422
Supplier Footnotes
Model Footnotes
Data Footnotes

MODEL GE HEALTHCARE GE HEALTHCARE GE HEALTHCARE GE HEALTHCARE

Vivid 7 Dimension Vivid 7 Pro Vivid e Vivid i
CONFIGURATION Conventional Conventional Portable Portable
APPLICATIONS
Other Advanced Q-Scan (SI, SRI, OB/GYN, intraoperative, OB/GYN, LVO contrast, LVO contrast, SmartStress,
TSI), AFI-Automated rodent, LVO contrast, IMT, Stress TVI/tissue tracking,
Function Imaging, A- SmartStress quantitative TSI, IMT
Analysis (TVI, Tissue
Tracking), QTVI, Stress, Q-
Stress, contrast, Q-contrast,
IMT, OB/GYN,
intraoperative, rodents, LVO
contrast, EchoStress
(SmartStress), B Flow and
BFI, Speckle Reduction,
AMM, ATO, ASO, Report,
template editor, structured
findings
PROBE TYPES, MHz
Mechanical sector NA NA NA NA
Annular array NA NA NA NA
Linear array M12L, 12L, 10L, 9L, 7L M12L, 12L, 10L, 9L, 7L 8L-RS, 9L-RS 8L-RS, 12L-RS
Curvilinear (convex) 4C, M7C, 5C, 8C, E8C M7C, 5C, 4C, 8C, E8C 4C-RS, 8C-RS 4C-RS, 8L-RS
array
Phased array M4S, 5S, 7S, 10S, 3V real- 3S, 5S, 7S, 10S 3S-RS 3S-RS, 7S-RS, 10S-RS, 5S-
time 4-D probe RS
Multifrequency All probes All probes All probes All probes
TEE
Single-plane TEE NA NA NA NA
Biplane TEE NA NA NA NA
Multiplane TEE 6T-OR (adult), 9T (pediatric) 6T-OR, (adult), 9T NA 6T-RS, with adapter for vivid
(pediatric) consoles
Pediatric TEE 9T 9T NA 9T-RS
Others Epicardial: i13L, i8L Epicardial: i13L, i8L Intraoperative: i12L-RS Pencil: P2D, P6D
Endovaginal: E8C, Pencil: Endovaginal: E8C, Pencil: Pencil: P2D-RS
P2D, P6D P2D, P6D
SECTOR ANGLE, ° 90 FPA, 128 CLA 90 FPA, 128 CLA 90 90 FPA
GRAYSCALE LEVELS 256/12-bit 256/12-bit 256 256

covering the above
model(s). These


IMAGING MODES
3-D display Yes (real time, cardiac) No No No
Doppler
Spectral
CW Yes Yes Yes Yes
PW Yes Yes Yes Yes
Other TVI, TTI, SRI, strain, TSI, TVI, TTI, SRI, strain, TSI TDI TDI, TVI, TTI
AFI
Frequency, MHz Probe dependent Probe dependent Probe dependent Probe dependent
PRF, kHz 50 50 30 30
FUNCTIONALITY
Selectable dynamic 30-110 dB 30-110 dB 30-120 dB 30-110 dB
range
focus
Measurements on VCR Yes Yes NA NA
replay

model(s). These
the next two pages.


DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
Pan/zoom
Frozen image Yes Yes Yes
Max number frames 100,000 without zoom, 100,000 without zoom, 100,000 without zoom, 100,000 without zoom,
1,500,000 with zoom 1,500,000 with zoom 1,500,000 with zoom 1,500,000 with zoom
SINGLE/DUAL MONITORS Single Single Single, LCD Single, LCD
SPLIT SCREEN Split and quad Split and quad Split Split and quad
IMAGE STORAGE HD, MOD, DVD, DVR, USB HD, MOD, DVD, USB flash HD, DVD, USB flash, HD, DVD, USB flash,
METHOD flash card, VCR, B and W card, VCR, B and W and PCMCIA card, CD, VCR, PCMCIA card, CD, MOD,
and color printer color printer video printer VCR, Bluetooth printer,
video printer
Capacity, number of 80 GB 80 GB >40 GB >40 GB
stored images
PHYSIOLOGIC DATA Yes Yes Yes (ECG) Yes (ECG)
ANALYSIS PACKAGES Q Analysis on EchoPAC
Stress echo Yes Yes Yes SmartStress
Others Advanced analysis tools for Advanced analysis tools for Anatomic M-mode, Anatomic M-mode,
velocity or strain traces, velocity or strain traces, automatic tissue automatic tissue
curved AMM, TSI, AFI, and curved AMM, TSI, AFI, and optimization, LVO, contrast optimization, LVO, contrast
others others
POWER REQUIREMENTS 100-120, 220-240 110-120, 220-240 110-120, 220-240 110-120, 220-240
VAC
H x W x D, cm (in) [138-157] x 64 x 89 ([54-62] [138-157] x 64 x 89 ([54-62] 61 x 340 x 287 ( 24 x 134 x 66 x 358 x 313 (2.6 x 141 x
x 25 x 35) x 25 x 35) 113) 123)
WEIGHT, kg (lb) 419 (190) 419 (190) 4.6 (10.1) 5.2 (11)
CARDIAC/VASCULAR
CONFIGURATION

model(s). These
the next page.


YEAR FIRST SOLD Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
FISCAL YEAR January to December January to December January to December January to December
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS New imaging modalities like Raw data DICOM - raw Using MPEGvue, images Using MPEGvue, images
4-D full volume, 4-D full ultrasound data quantifiable may be stored on may be stored on
volume color, bi- and with original frame rate removable media or on removable media or on
triplane imaging encapsulated in DICOM remote networked shared remote networked shared
incorporated within clinical shell; EchoPAC PC - drive together with drive together with
protocols like stress echo or external workstation for integrated MPEGvue player integrated MPEGvue player
Tissue Synchronization advanced postprocessing for viewing on standard PC; for viewing on standard PC;
Imaging; 4-D depth color based on same TruScan AMM, 15" monitor, high eVue allows viewing of
render, 4-D Stereo Vision, architecture as scanner; frame rates in 2-D, excellent images, loops, or full exams
Ultra Definition Clarity, on- floating keyboard; CRT or 2-D IQ, battery operation, from remote location on any
board LV volume; raw data LCD monitor options; using portable docking station, PC using LAN or wireless
DICOM - raw ultrasound MPEGvue, images may be RollPac, raw data on board, LAN, battery operation,
data quantifiable with stored on removable media DICOM compatible, backlit keyboard, wide-angle
original frame rate or on remote networked Ethernet Network visibility display, RollPac
encapsulated in DICOM shared drive together with Connection, Wireless portability case, raw data
shell; EchoPAC PC - integrated MPEGvue player Network Interfacing, USB and DICOM compatibility,
external workstation for for viewing on standard PC; QuickSave. virtual printer for improved
advanced postprocessing eVue allows viewing of productivity on the go,
based on same TruScan images, loops, or full exams postprocessing on
architecture as scanner; from remote location on any EchoPAC PC, Bluetooth
floating keyboard; CRT or PC using LAN or wireless printing, Ethernet
LCD monitor options; using LAN. networking connection,
MPEGvue, images may be wireless network interfacing.
stored on removable media
or on remote networked
shared drive together with
integrated MPEGvue player
for viewing on standard PC;
eVue allows viewing of
images, loops, or full exams
from remote location on any
PC using LAN or wireless
LAN
UMDNS CODE(S) 17422 17422 17422 17422
Supplier Footnotes
Model Footnotes
Data Footnotes

MODEL GE HEALTHCARE GE HEALTHCARE HITACHI HITACHI

Vivid S5 Vivid S6 HI VISION 5500 HI VISION 8500
APPLICATIONS
Other OB/GYN, LVO contrast, OB/GYN, LVO contrast, EUS, OB/GYN, urology, Elastography EUS,
Stress, IMT Smart Stress, TVI/Tissue pediatric, breast, neonatal, OB/GYN, urology, pediatric,
Tracking, quantitative TSI, endovaginal/rectal, breast, neonatal,
IMT laparoscopic, intraoperative, endovaginal/rectal,
brachytherapy laparoscopic, intraoperative,
brachytherapy
PROBE TYPES, MHz
Linear array 8L-RS, 12L-RS 8L-RS, 12L-RS 5-14 5-13
Curvilinear (convex) 4C-RS, 8C-RS 4C-RS, 8C-RS 1-9 2.5-9
array
Phased array 3S-RS, 5S-RS, 7S-RS, 10S- 3S-RS, 5S-RS, 7S-RS, 10S- 2-7.5 2-7.5
RS RS
Multifrequency All probes All probes Yes Yes
TEE
Multiplane TEE NA 6T, 6T-RS WIP NA
Pediatric TEE NA 9T, 9T-RS NA NA
Others Endovaginal: E8C, Pencil: Endovaginal: E8C, Pencil: Fingertip, interventional, Fingertip, interventional,
P2D, P6D P2D, P6D specialized biopsy, specialized biopsy,
endovaginal, endorectal, endovaginal, endorectal,
laparoscopic, endoscopic laparoscopic, endoscopic,
tissue elastography
SECTOR ANGLE, ° 90 FPA, 128 CLA 90 FPA, 128 CLA 200 maximum 200 maximum

covering the above
model(s). These


IMAGING MODES
M-mode display Yes Yes Yes, and ODM Yes
M-mode and 2-D Yes Yes Yes, and ODM Yes
Harmonic imaging Yes Yes 4 modes including HdTHI 4 modes
3-D display No No Yes Yes
Doppler
Spectral
CW Yes Yes Yes Yes
PW Yes Yes Yes Yes
Other No TVI, TTI, TSI Directional color flow Directional color flow
angiography, tissue Doppler angiography, tissue Doppler
imaging imaging
Frequency, MHz Probe dependent Probe dependent Multiple Multiple
Velocity display Yes Yes With autotracing With autotracing
PRF, kHz 30 30 1-20 (PW), 4-50 (CW), 120- 1-20 (PW), 4-50 (CW), 120-
20 (CFM) 20 (CFM)
FUNCTIONALITY
Selectable dynamic 30-110 dB 30-110 dB Yes Yes
range
focus
Measurements on VCR NA NA Yes Yes
replay

model(s). These
the next two pages.


DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
Pan/zoom
Max number frames 100,000 without zoom, 100,000 without zoom, 4,000 2,977
1,500,000 with zoom 1,500,000 with zoom
SINGLE/DUAL MONITORS Single, LCD Single, LCD Single Single
SPLIT SCREEN Split and quad Split and quad Yes Yes
IMAGE STORAGE HD, DVD, USB flash, CD, HD, DVD, USB flash, CD, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM, USB, Hard drive, MOD, floppy,
METHOD MOD, B andW and color MOD, B and W and color CD-R, HDD DVD+RW
printer printer
Capacity, number of >80 GB >80 GB 69,000 maximum 69,000 maximum
stored images
PHYSIOLOGIC DATA Yes (ECG) Yes (ECG) Yes Yes
ANALYSIS PACKAGES
Stress echo SmartStress SmartStress NA Yes
Others Anatomic M-mode, Anatomic M-mode, OB/GYN, urology, general, OB/GYN, urology, general
automatic tissue and automatic tissue and surgery
spectrum optimization, LVO spectrum optimization, LVO
contrast, Smart Depth contrast, Smart Depth
POWER REQUIREMENTS 110-120, 220-240 110-120, 220-240 120/240, 50/60 Hz, 1,500 120/240, 50/60 Hz, 1,500
VAC VA maximum VA maximum
H x W x D, cm (in) 123 x 55 x 70 (48.4 x 21.7 x 123 x 55 x 70 (48.4 x 21.7 x 147 x 51 x 80 (58 x 20 x 150 x 55 x 90 (59 x 22 x
27.6) 27.6) 31.5) 35.5)
WEIGHT, kg (lb) <70 (154) <70 (154) 130 (286) 160 (350)
CARDIAC/VASCULAR
CONFIGURATION

model(s). These
the next page.


YEAR FIRST SOLD Not specified Not specified 2004 2003
FISCAL YEAR January to December January to December April to March April to March
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Raw data DICOM - raw Raw data DICOM - raw Standard tissue Doppler Sonoelastography,
ultrasound data quantifiable ultrasound data quantifiable imaging and omnidirectional wideband pulse inversion;
with original frame rate with original frame rate M-mode; real-time Doppler sono IQ one-touch image
encapsulated in DICOM encapsulated in DICOM measurements, baseline optimization; adaptive
shell; EchoPAC PC - shell; EchoPAC Pc - shift in freeze, optional voice imaging; raw data freeze;
external workstation for external workstation for control or infrared remote auto endocardial tracing,
advanced postprocessing advanced postprocessing control; real-time digital real-time archiving.
based on same TruScan based on same TruScan archiving.
architecture as scanner; architecture as scanner;
using MPEGvue, images using MPEGvue, images
may be stored on may be stored on
removable media or on removable media or on
remote networked shared remote networked shared
drive together with drive together with
integrated MPEGvue player integrated MPEGvue player
for viewing on standard PC; for viewing on standard PC;
backlit keyboard, wide-angle eVue allows viewing of
visibility display with auto images, loops, or full exams
optimization, virtual printer from remote location on any
for improved productivity on PC using LAN or wireless
the go, postprocessing on LAN, battery operation,
EchoPAC PC, Ethernet backlit keyboard, wide-angle
networking connection, visibility display with auto
wireless network interfacing; optimization, virtual printer
FlexFit physiological for improved productivity on
keyboard and monitor the go, postprocessing on
movement: up and in, down EchoPAC PC, Ethernet
and out, keyboard swivel. networking connection,
wireless network interfacing;
FlexFit physiological
keyboard and monitor
movement: up and in, down
and out, keyboard swivel.
UMDNS CODE(S) 17422 17422 17422 17422
Supplier Footnotes
Model Footnotes
Data Footnotes

MODEL HITACHI KONTRON MEDICAL MEDISON MEDISON

HI VISION 900 Imagic V1 Accuvix XQ SonoAce 8000
CE MARK (MDD) Yes Pending Yes Yes
DICOM 3.0 COMPLIANT Yes Optional Yes Yes
APPLICATIONS
Other Elastography, EUS, Abdominal, small parts Abdominal, OB/GYN, small Abdominal, OB/GYN, small
OB/GYN, urology, pediatric, parts, urology parts, urology
breast, neonatal,
endovaginal/rectal,
laparoscopic, intraoperative,
brachytherapy
PROBE TYPES, MHz
Mechanical sector NA No NA NA
Annular array NA No NA NA
Linear array 5-14 5-12 7.5, 12 5, 7.5, 12
Curvilinear (convex) 1-9 2-5 3.5, 4.5, 6.5 3.5, 4.5, 6.5
array
Phased array 2-7.5 2-4 2.5, 3.5, 5 2.5, 3.5, 5
Multifrequency Yes Yes All All
TEE
Single-plane TEE NA No NA NA
Biplane TEE NA No NA NA
Multiplane TEE WIP 3-8 Yes Yes
Pediatric TEE NA No NA NA
Others Fingertip, interventional, 2, 8 pencil 2, 4 CW 2, 4 CW
specialized biopsy,
endovaginal, endorectal,
laparoscopic, endoscopic,
tissue elastography
SECTOR ANGLE, ° 200 maximum 90, probe dependent 90 90

covering the above
model(s). These


IMAGING MODES
M-mode display Yes, and ODM Yes Yes Yes
M-mode and 2-D Yes, and ODM Yes Yes Yes
Harmonic imaging 4 modes including HdTHI Yes Yes Yes
3-D display Yes No Yes Yes
Doppler
Spectral
CW Yes Yes Steerable, static Steerable, static
PW Single- and dual-gate Yes Yes Yes
Other Tissue Doppler imaging, Not specified Not specified Not specified
color tissue tracking,
directional color flow
angiography
Frequency, MHz Multiple 2-8, multifrequency Not specified Not specified
Velocity display With autotracing Yes Yes Yes
PRF, kHz 1-20 (PW), 4-50 (CW), 120- Up to 48 Not specified Not specified
20 (CFM)
Triplex mode Yes Quasitriplex Yes Yes
FUNCTIONALITY
Spectrum analyzer Yes FFT Not specified Not specified
range
focus
Measurements on VCR Yes No Yes Yes
replay

model(s). These
the next two pages.


DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
Pan/zoom
Max number frames 2,977 Up to 600 2,048 256
SINGLE/DUAL MONITORS Single Single, 15" Single Single
SPLIT SCREEN Yes Dual, quad Yes Yes
IMAGE STORAGE DVD+RW, DVD-RAM, USB, Hard disk, integrated CD- MOD, DVD-R/W, CD-R/W, MOD, CD-R/W, hard disk
METHOD CD-R, HDD RW hard disk
Capacity, number of 69,000 maximum 3,000 per CD 75,000 hard disk 75,000 hard disk
stored images
PHYSIOLOGIC DATA Yes Not specified ECG ECG
ANALYSIS PACKAGES
Stress echo Yes Optional Yes Yes
Others OB/GYN, urology, general Radiology OB/GYN, urology OB/GYN, urology
POWER REQUIREMENTS 120/240, 50/60 Hz, 1,500 110/240 ±10%, 50/60 Hz 110/220, 50/60 Hz 110/220, 50/60 Hz
VAC VA maximum
H x W x D, cm (in) [140-155] x 60 x [99.5- [120-132] x 60 x 95 ([47-52] 148.1 x 66.5 x 84.7 (58.5 x 141.9 x 50.4 x 81.5 (56.1 x
109.5] ([55-61] x 23.5 x [39- x 24 x 38) 26.2 x 33.3) 19.9 x 32.0)
43])
WEIGHT, kg (lb) 220 (485) 103 (227) 135 (298) 103 (227)
CARDIAC/VASCULAR
CONFIGURATION

model(s). These
the next page.


WARRANTY 1 year Yes 1 year 1 year
YEAR FIRST SOLD 2006 2004 2003 2002
FISCAL YEAR April to March January to December January to December January to December
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Standard tissue Doppler Integrated PACS; TFT flat- None specified. None specified.
imaging and dual screen monitor available.
omnidirectional M-mode;
advanced echo-
measurement option
includes color tissue
tracking and wall thickness
percentage; dual-gate
Doppler allows sampling of
two distinct Doppler signals
at once and is compatible
with tissue Doppler imaging;
optional voice control or
infrared remote control; real-
time digital archiving.
UMDNS CODE(S) 17422 17422 17422 17422
LAST UPDATED March 2007 March 2007 May 2005 May 2005
Supplier Footnotes
Model Footnotes
Data Footnotes

MODEL MEDISON PHILIPS MEDICAL PHILIPS MEDICAL PHILIPS MEDICAL

SonoAce 9900 EnVisor HD11 XE HD3
APPLICATIONS
Cardiac Yes Adult, pediatric, neonatal, Adult, pediatric, neonatal, Adult
fetal, TEE fetal, TEE
Other Abdominal, OB/GYN, small Abdominal, OB/GYN, Abdominal, OB/GYN, Abdominal, OB/GYN,
parts, urology intraoperative, small parts, surgical, small parts, superficial/small parts,
pediatric, urology, pediatric, urology, pediatric, urology, prostate,
musculoskeletal, TEE musculoskeletal, nerve, vascular, cardiology
TEE, prostate
PROBE TYPES, MHz
Linear array 5, 7.5, 12 L12-3, L12-5, 15-6L, L7535, L15-7io, L12-5, L12-3, L9-3, L9-5
L5035 L8-4
Curvilinear (convex) 3.5, 4.5, 6.5 C8-5, C8-4v, C6-3, C5040, C9-4, C8-5, C6-3, C5-2 / C9-4ec, C7-3, C5-2, C4-2
array E6509 V6-2, V8-4, 3D9-3v
Phased array 2.5, 3.5, 5 S12, S8, S4-2, S7-2 omni S12-4, S8-3, S7-3t, S7- NA
2omni, S4-2, S3-1
Multifrequency All Broadband with fusion Broadband with fusion Broadband with 2-D
optimization
TEE
Multiplane TEE Yes OMNI III: 7-2 with OMNI III: 7-2 with NA
harmonics and true harmonics and true
electrocautery suppression electrocautery suppression
Pediatric TEE NA NA NA NA
Others 2, 4 CW 1.9, 5 nonimaging; 1.9 1 nonimaging; 1 1 nonimaging; 1
transcranial, endocavity, transcranial; endocavity, 4- transcranial; endocavity, 4-
endovaginal D abdominal and OB, 4-D D abdominal and OB, 4-D
endovaginal endovaginal
SECTOR ANGLE, ° 90 Adjustable Adjustable Adjustable

covering the above
model(s). These


IMAGING MODES
Harmonic imaging Yes Yes; multivariate including Yes; multivariate including Yes
pulse inversion pulse inversion
3-D display Yes 3-D 3-D/4-D, STIC and MPR 3-D
Doppler
Color flow mapping Yes CFI/CPA, directional CFI/CPA 2-D/3-D, CFI/CPA
CPA/TDI directional CPA/TDI
Spectral
CW Steerable, static Steerable Steerable Steerable
PW Yes Steerable/HPRF Steerable Steerable
Other Not specified iSCAN, intelligent Doppler, STIC, stress echo, SonoCT, HighQ
HighQ XRES, iSCAN, intelligent
Doppler, HighQ
Frequency, MHz Not specified 1-15 1-15 1-15
PRF, kHz Not specified Yes Yes Yes
FUNCTIONALITY
Spectrum analyzer Not specified FFT FFT FFT
range
focus
replay

model(s). These
the next two pages.


DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
Pan/zoom
Real-time image Yes Yes, HD zoom Yes, HD zoom Yes
Max number frames 256 1,000 1,000 512
SINGLE/DUAL MONITORS Single Single, 15" articulating CRT Single, 17" flat-panel LCD, Single, 12.1" articulating
fully articulating LCD flat-panel
SPLIT SCREEN Yes Single/dual/quad Single/dual/quad Single/dual
IMAGE STORAGE MOD, CD-R/W, hard disk HD, CD, MOD, USB, VCR HD, CD, MOD, USB, VCR HD, CD, USB, VCR
METHOD
Capacity, number of 75,000 hard disk 80 GB for data storage 80 GB for data storage 75 GB for data storage
stored images
PHYSIOLOGIC DATA ECG ECG, auxiliary input, body ECG, auxiliary input, ECG, auxiliary input,
marks with probe indicator respiration, heart pulse, respiration, heart pulse,
contact sensor contact sensor
ANALYSIS PACKAGES
Stress echo Yes Yes Yes NA
Others OB/GYN, urology Abdominal, OB/GYN, small 2-D quantification, 3-D Abdominal, OB/GYN, small
parts, pediatric, quantification, M-mode, parts, pediatric,
musculoskeletal IMT, strain, ROI, CK, High musculoskeletal
Q, panoramic
POWER REQUIREMENTS 110/220, 50/60 Hz 100/120/220/240, 50/60 Hz 100/120/220/240, 50/60 Hz 100/120/220/240, 50/60 Hz
VAC
H x W x D, cm (in) 148.1 x 66.5 x 84.7 (58.5 x [129.5-147.3] x 54.6 x 102.9 [151.1-174] x 53.5 x 110.5 [101.6-149.9] x 50.5 x 79.8
26.2 x 33.3) ([51-58] x 21.5 x 40.5) ([59.5-68.5] x 21 x 43.5) ([40-59] x 19.9 x 31.4)
WEIGHT, kg (lb) 135 (298) 100 (220) 100 (220) 61.2 (135)
CARDIAC/VASCULAR
CONFIGURATION
List price range $100,000-150,000 $40,000-70,000 depending $70,000-120,000 depending $25,000-35,000 depending
on configuration on configuration on configuration

model(s). These
the next page.


YEAR FIRST SOLD 2000 2002 2005 2005
FISCAL YEAR January to December January to December January to December January to December
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. Trapezoid imaging; SonoCT real-time Trapezoid imaging;
panoramic; moveable compound imaging; XRES adjustable flat-panel
rotatable control panel; processing; adjustable LCD monitor; supports USB
stress echo; 3-D with articulating arm; memory devices; self-
imaging/data management lightweight transducers; guided training CD.
and reporting; tissue anatomic M-mode; 2-D; 3-D;
harmonic imaging; contrast; 4-D, STIC, MPR, iSlice;
iSCAN one-control iSCAN one-control
optimization; High Q auto optimization; High Q auto
Doppler analysis. Doppler analysis.
UMDNS CODE(S) 17422 17422 17422 17422
LAST UPDATED May 2005 March 2008 March 2008 March 2008
Supplier Footnotes
Model Footnotes
Data Footnotes

MODEL PHILIPS MEDICAL PHILIPS MEDICAL PHILIPS MEDICAL SIEMENS

HD7 IE33 iU22 ACUSON Cypress
CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes Yes Submitted
CONFIGURATION Conventional Conventional Conventional Portable
APPLICATIONS
Cardiac Adult, pediatric,, neonatal, Adult, pediatric,, neonatal, Adult, advanced fetal, TEE Adult, pediatric, TEE,
fetal, TEE fetal, TEE intracardiac
Other Abdominal, OB/GYN, Abdominal, intraoperative, Abdominal, OB/GYN, TEE, intracardiac, stress
intraoperative, small parts, pediatric, fetal, 3-D TEE, vascular, TCD, breast, small echo, OR TEE monitoring,
pediatric, urology, epicardial, surgical, parts, musulcoskeletal, contrast echo, abdominal
musculoskeletal, nerve, transcranial, contrast nerve, pediatric, prostate, vascular
prostate endocavity, surgical,
contrast
PROBE TYPES, MHz
Linear array L12-3, L12-5, 15-6L, L7535, L15-7io, L11-3, L9-3, L8-8 L17-5, L15-7io, L12-5, L9-3, 4.3-6.6 (7L3)
L5035 L8-4
Curvilinear (convex) C8-5, C8-4v, C6-3, C8-5, C5-1, C5-2 C9-4, C9-5ec, C8-5, C8-4v, 2.1-3.6 (4C1)
array C5040,E6509 C5-1, C5-2, V6-2, 3D9-3v
Phased array S12-4, S8-3, S4-2 S12-4, S8-3, S7-2omni, S1- S7-2omni, S5-1 PureWave 2.15-3.6 (3V2c), 3.6-6
5 PureWave S4-1, X3-1 S4-1, X3-1 xMatrix, X7-2 (7V3c)
xMatrix, X7-2 xMatrix, X7-2t xMatrix
TEE xMatrix
Multifrequency Broadband with 2-D Broadband with 2-D Broadband with 2-D All MultiHertz technology,
optimization optimization optimization independent frequency
selection across modes
TEE
Multiplane TEE NA OMNI III: 2-7 fusion with OMNI III: 2-7 fusion with 3.6-6 (V5Ms)
harmonics and true harmonics and true
electrocautery suppression electrocautery suppression
Pediatric TEE NA Minimultiplane 7-2 NA NA
Others 1 nonimaging; 1 2, 5 nonimaging; 2 Not specified 5.4-7 (8F), 5.4-7 (10F)
transcranial; endocavity, 4- transcranial; xMatrix AcuNav catheter; 2 auxiliary
D abdominal and OB, 4-D transducer for live 3-D CW nonimaging Doppler
endovaginal imaging/color flow and live
xPlane imaging
SECTOR ANGLE, ° Adjustable Adjustable/widescan Adjustable/widescan Up to 90, variable

covering the above
model(s). These


IMAGING MODES
Harmonic imaging Yes; multivariate including Yes; multivariate including Yes; multivariate including Yes
pulse inversion pulse inversion and coded pulse inversion and coded
harmonics harmonics
3-D display 3-D Integrated live 3-D Echo Integrated live 3-D Echo, NA
and Live xPlane Live xPlane, 3-D/4-D, STIC
and MPR
Doppler
Color flow mapping CFI/CPA directional CFI/CPA 2-D and 3-D/TDI CFI/CPA 2-D and 3-D/TDI Yes
CPA/TDI
Spectral
CW Steerable Steerable Steerable Steerable, auxiliary
PW Steerable/HPRF Steerable/HPRF Steerable/HPRF Yes
Other iSCAN, intelligent Doppler, Live 3-D Echo, Live xPlane, Live 3-D Echo, Live xPlane, Color Doppler energy
HighQ stress echo, XRES, iSLICE, thick slice, stress
SonoCT, iScan, iCommand, echo, XRES, SonoCT,
HighQ iScan, iCommand, HighQ
Power Yes Yes Yes Color Doppler energy
Frequency, MHz 1-15 1-17 1-17 2-7
PRF, kHz Yes Yes Yes Scale-setting dependent
Triplex mode Yes Yes Yes No
FUNCTIONALITY
Spectrum analyzer FFT FFT/1 ms resolution FFT/1 ms resolution FFT
range
Adjustable transmit Yes Yes, iFocus Yes, iFocus Automatic
focus
Measurements on VCR Yes Yes Yes No
replay

model(s). These
the next two pages.


DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
Pan/zoom
Real-time image Yes, HD zoom Yes, HD zoom Yes, HD zoom Yes
Max number frames 1,000 Up to 10 min digital capture Up to 10 min digital capture Up to 15 sec (2-D/color
Doppler), up to 40 sec (strip
modes)
SINGLE/DUAL MONITORS Single, 15" articulating LCD Single, 20" widescreen Single, 20" widescreen Single; 12.1" flat-panel
flat-panel (16:9) LCD fully articulating (16:9) LCD fully articulating active matrix
SPLIT SCREEN Single/dual/quad Single/dual/quad Single/dual/quad Full/quad
IMAGE STORAGE HD, DVD, CD, VCR HD, DVD, CD, VCR HD, DVD, CD, VCR HD; MOD; DICOM network;
METHOD S-VHS VCR; B and W
printer, lossless
compressed non-DICOM,
noncompressed DICOM,
compressed DICOM, RLE
digital lossless compression
for static images, JPEG
adjustable digital
compression for dynamic
clips (up to 32 sec per clip),
AVI, WAV, and RTF files,
review of study on MOD
with Cypress viewer SW on
PC
Capacity, number of 80 GB for data storage 160 GB for data storage 160 GB for data storage ~50 studies, 30 clips per
stored images study, 4 GB HD
PHYSIOLOGIC DATA ECG, auxiliary input, 3-lead ECG, heart rate, 3-lead ECG, heart rate, ECG
respiration, heart pulse, respiration, heart pulse, respiration, heart pulse,
contact sensor gain, sweep rate, display gain, sweep rate, display
position, auxiliary input position, auxiliary input
ANALYSIS PACKAGES
Others Abdominal, OB/GYN, small 2-D quantification, 3-D 2-D quantification, 3-D Cypress link and viewer
parts, pediatric, quantification, 3-D quantification, 3-D
musculoskeletal advanced quantification, M- advanced quantification, M-
mode, IMT, strain, ROI, CK, mode, IMT, strain, ROI, CK,
HighQ, panoramic HighQ, panoramic
POWER REQUIREMENTS 100/120/220/240, 50/60 Hz 100/120/220/240, 50/60 Hz 100/120/220/240, 50/60 Hz 100-120/200-240, 50/60 Hz,
VAC 1.2/0.6 A
H x W x D, cm (in) [125.7-142.7 x 54.9 x 97.8 [139.7-162.6] x 55.9 x 109.2 [139.7-162.6] x 55.9 x 109.2 36.6 x 35.6 x [19.9-43.7]
([49.5-56.2] x 21.6 x 38.5) ([55-64] x 22 x 43) ([55-64] x 22 x 43) (14.4 x 14 x [7.8-17.21])
WEIGHT, kg (lb) 78 (172) 156.8 (345) 156.8 (345) 9 (19.9)
CARDIAC/VASCULAR
CONFIGURATION
List price range $30,000-60,000 depending $150,000-250,000 $170,000-250,000 $40,000-60,000
on configuration depending on configuration depending on configuration

model(s). These
the next page.


YEAR FIRST SOLD 2008 2004 2004 1999
FISCAL YEAR January to December January to December January to December October to September
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Trapezoid imaging; Independent articulation, Independent articulation, DICOM: storage class to
panoramic; moveable SonoCT and XRES, SonoCT and XRES, PACS, storage commitment
rotatable control panel; PureWave transducer PureWave transducer and verification, modality
stress echo; 3-D technology, obese patient technology, obese patient worklist; storage to MOD 10
imaging/data management imaging solution (aberration imaging solution (aberration BaseT/100 BaseT Ethernet
and reporting; tissue correction/coded correction/coded output; configurable up to
harmonic imaging; contrast; beamforming), one-button beamforming), one-button 32 DICOM servers;
iSCAN one-control automation and automation and portable, highly
optimization; HighQ auto iCOMMAND voice control, iCOMMAND voice control, miniaturized, all-digital
Doppler analysis. QLAB tools for 2-D/3-D, QLAB tools for 2-D/3-D, system; 128 digital
IMT, ROI, speckle tracking, IMT, ROI, speckle tracking, programmable channels for
MVQ, all electronic xMatrix MVQ, all electronic xMatrix multiple digital
transducer technology, live transducer technology. beamforming; digital lab
3-D TEE. system architecture;
integrated digital image and
data storage and
management; advanced
triggering capability; fold-up
control panel with
alphanumeric keyboard;
optional cart for system
peripherals and
accessories.
UMDNS CODE(S) 17422 17422 17422 17422
Supplier Footnotes
Model Footnotes
Data Footnotes

MODEL SIEMENS SIEMENS SIEMENS TOSHIBA

ACUSON P50 ACUSON Sequoia C512 ACUSON X300 Premium Aplio XG
Edition
CONFIGURATION Portable Conventional Conventional Conventional
APPLICATIONS
Cardiac Adult Adult, pediatric, neonatal, Adult, pediatric, neonatal, Yes
fetal, TEE, intracardiac fetal, TEE, intracardiac
Other Doppler tissue imaging, Coronary artery, stress Stress echo, TEE, Abdominal, OB/GYN, small
anatomic M-mode (live and echo, contrast, OR TEE intraoperative, transcranial, parts, intraoperative,
review), PW Doppler tissue monitoring, 4-D TEE, contrast superficial vascular, musculoskeletal, urology,
imaging, color Doppler intraoperative, transcranial, abdominal vascular, cardiology, vascular
tissue, imaging transgenic mouse heart, anatomical M-mode,
superficial vascular, Doppler tissue imaging
endothelium function, (DTI), color Doppler tissue
abdominal vascular imaging (DTI), M-mode and
color DTI, HPRF, power
Doppler, directional power
Doppler, Quickstart
PROBE TYPES, MHz
Linear array 3, 3-8, (7L3), 5-12 (12L5), 3, 5-6 (6L3), 4-8 (8L5), 7-14 4, VF8-3, VF10-5, VF13-5, 2.8-13 (38 mm), 5-12 (58
12HL7 (7-12) (15L8), 4-8 (8L5T VF13-5SP mm), 5.2-14.7 (25 mm)
intraoperative)
Curvilinear (convex) NA 1.5-4.5 (4C1), 2-6 (6C2), 4- 2, CH5-2, C8-5 2.5-5.5 (6 mm)
array 8 (8C4)
Phased array 1, 1.67-4.0 (4V2c) 1.5-4.25 (4V1c), 2-4 (3V2c), 3, 1.5-4 (P5-1), 1.5-3.6 (P4- 1.3-9.1
2.5-5 (5V2c), 3.5-7 (7V3c), 2), 3.1-6.7 (P8-4)
5-8.5 (8V5), 4-10 (10V4)
Multifrequency All MultiHertz technology, All MultiHertz technology, All MultiHertz technology, All multifrequency probes
independent frequency independent frequency independent frequency
selection across modes selection across modes selection across modes
TEE
Biplane TEE NA 4-8 (V7B) NA NA
Multiplane TEE NA 3.5-7 (V5Ms), 3.5-8 (V7M) H2.7-5.7 (V5M) Yes
Pediatric TEE NA Multiplane 3.5-8 (V7M) NA No
Others Auto CW 2 MHz 2 auxiliary CW Doppler; 4- Auto CW Doppler, AcuNav 2-13 microslice linear, 3-8.6
nonimaging, CW spectral 10 (8F), 4-10 (10F) AcuNav catheter 8.9-5.0 (10F), 8.9- endocavity, 2 CW pencil,
Doppler catheter 5.0 (10F) 3.2-9.1 neonatal head, 4-D
microconvex, 4-D linear, 4-
D endocavitary
SECTOR ANGLE, ° Not specified Up to 90, variable Up to 90, variable 90

covering the above
model(s). These


Edition
IMAGING MODES
3-D display NA fourSight TEE view NA Yes
Doppler
Spectral
CW Steerable, auxiliary Steerable, auxiliary Steerable, auxiliary Yes
PW Yes Yes Yes Yes
Other HPRF; Doppler tissue HPRF; Doppler tissue HPRF; Doppler tissue Advanced dynamic flow
imaging, tissue spectral imaging, tissue spectral imaging, tissue spectral
Doppler, code M-mode Doppler, PW spectral and Doppler, code M-mode
HTD high-frame-rate tissue
Doppler; color Doppler
energy; convergent color;
harmonic color; power
contrast; color M-mode
Power Power Doppler Color Doppler energy, Power Doppler Yes
convergent color
Frequency, MHz 2-6.67 1.75-14 1.2-13 1-14.5
PRF, kHz Scale-setting dependent Scale-setting dependent Scale-setting dependent ≤0.5 to ≥24 PW; ≤1.5 to
≥50 CW
FUNCTIONALITY
Spectrum analyzer FFT FFT FFT Yes
Selectable dynamic Yes 20-100 dB (display), 1 dB Yes Yes
range increments; >160 dB (total
system)
focus
replay

model(s). These
the next two pages.


Edition
DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
Pan/zoom
Cine In all imaging and strip In all imaging and strip In all imaging and strip Yes
modes modes modes
Max number frames Phased 2-4 MHz Variable, dependent on Up to 498 fps 4,095
transducer, 150 fps; image mode, memory allocation,
acquisition rate 150 fps adjustment; >2,000 (2-D
cine mode); >30 sec (strip
cine modes)
SINGLE/DUAL MONITORS Single, flat panel Single; tilt and swivel Single, articulating arm, tilt Single
and swivel
SPLIT SCREEN Dual, live imaging Dual, live dual imaging Dual, live dual imaging Yes
IMAGE STORAGE 160 GB HD, SuperDrive 8x HD, MOD, DICOM network, 160 GB HD, DVD-R/RW HDD, MOD, videotape,
METHOD (DVD+RDL/DVVD+RW/CD- S-VHS VCR, B and W and and CD R/RW, B and W printer, DVD
RW), DICOM 3.0 color printer, RLE digital printer, images are exported
conformance for network lossless compression for in PC-compatible TIFF
storage service class user static images, JPEG format or DICOM format;
(SCU), DICOM 3.0 adjustable digital connectivity to PACS for
conformance for network compression for dynamic storage of all digital images
verification, storage clips, native DICOM file and dynamic clips with
commitment, image format, format patient demographic data;
modality worklist in-progress store during the
exam; DICOM storage
commitment, DICOM
interchange media export to
DVD-R/RW and CD R/RW
Capacity, number of Image-content dependent, Image-content dependent, Not specified 10,000
stored images up to 160 GB HD up to 36 GB HD, partitioned
to 4 GB
PHYSIOLOGIC DATA ECG ECG, PCG, respiration ECG Peak systole, peak diastole,
ECG, PCG
ANALYSIS PACKAGES
Others SieVision speckle reducing OB calculations, auto Axius edge-assisted EF, OB/GYN, bile duct,
technology-8 levels, syngo Doppler trace and syngo Velocity Vector gallbladder, liver, pancreas,
US Workplace, syngo Auto calculations, edge-assisted Imaging, syngo Auto kidney, spleen, prostate,
Left Heart (auto volumes EF, quantitative strain-rate Ejection Fraction, HPRF, user-programmable
and EF of LA and LV), imaging, autotracking power Doppler, directional calculation, volume imaging
syngo Velocity Vector contrast quantification, power Doppler
Imaging coronary flow reserve
calculations, PISA
POWER REQUIREMENTS 100-120/200-240, 50/60 Hz 115/100/230 ±10, 50/60 Hz 100-120/200-240, 50/60 Hz 100-120/220-240VAC,
VAC 1.2/0.6 A 50/60Hz
H x W x D, cm (in) [6.0-28.5] x 35.7 x 24.3 148 x 66 x 123 (58 x 26 x 137.9 x 51.8 (full FPD [142.8-168.3] x 580 x
([2.4-11.2] x 14.1 x 9.6) 48) extension) x 87.9 (54.3 x [113.2-121.7] (56.2 x 22.8 x
20.4 x 34.6) 44.6)
WEIGHT, kg (lb) (<12) 183 (402) 102 (225) 185 (408)
CARDIAC/VASCULAR
CONFIGURATION
List price range $42,000-45,000 depending $190,000-300,000 $45,000-60,000 depending $225,000-350,000
on configuration on configuration

model(s). These
the next page.


Edition
YEAR FIRST SOLD Not specified 1996 Not specified 2002
FISCAL YEAR October to September October to September October to September April to March
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS DICOM 3.0 conformance for DICOM: storage class to Clarify vascular Advanced dynamic flow;
network storage, network PACS, storage commitment enhancement technology, pulse-subtraction plus;
verification, storage and verification, print class dynamic tissue technology dynamic microslice imaging;
commitment, image format, and verification, modality (DTO), SieClear, SieScape, ApliPure; Fast Fusion 3-D;
and modality worklist; 10 worklist and performed all-digital architecture, multiplanar 3-D; intelligent
BaseT/100 BaseT Ethernet procedure step; storage to DIMAQ integrated component architecture;
data output; standby mode MOD 10BaseT/100BaseT workstation, Precision spatial/frequency
for rapid start-up; up to 2 Ethernet output; dynamic MotionCapture technology, compounding; I-Touch
hours of battery operation; transmit focus on select Windows-based operating customizable control
Apple MacBook Pro transducers; coherent system, network export for console and GUI; TDI,
notebook, 2 GB RAM, 160 image formation with up to images (TIFF), clips (AVI), TDIQ, dysynchronous
GB HD, 2.4 GHz Dual-Core 57,344 receiving channels; reports, and stress echo imaging, stress echo,
Pentium M-processor, coherent pulse formation study transfer; printing volume imaging.
Windows XP and MAC OS. and contrast imaging; report and images via USB
multiple digital port, selectable DICOM
beamforming; DIMAQ viewerSW burned archive
integrated workstation; TEQ CD, archive CD database
for 2-D and spectral on HD, 4 active transducer
Doppler; native THI; ports, up to 32 QuickSet
Cadence contrast imaging user presets; 4-wheel
and pulse sequencing pivoting.
(CPS); chirp-coded
excitation; FreeStyle
extended imaging and
dynamic CDI;
PrecisionBurst for Cadence
(CPS); Convergent CPS
enhancement; Axius
quantitative strain rate and
ACQ autotracking contrast
quantification fourSight TEE
view; WebPro Web-based
package; 4 active
transducer ports (including
one CW); micro-pinless
transducer connectors; 4-
wheel pivoting. Meets
requirements of ANSI/AAMI
ES1, DHHS, DICOM, NFPA
99, OSHA 1910.399, and
UL 544; ETL listed.
UMDNS CODE(S) 17422 17422 17422 17422
Supplier Footnotes
Model Footnotes
Data Footnotes

MODEL TOSHIBA TOSHIBA TOSHIBA

Artida Nemio XG Xario XG
WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide
FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes Yes
CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes Yes
DICOM 3.0 COMPLIANT Yes Yes Yes
CONFIGURATION Conventional Conventional Conventional
APPLICATIONS
Cardiac Yes Yes Yes
Vascular Yes Yes Yes
Other Not specified Abdominal, OB/GYN, small Abdominal, OB/GYN, small
parts, intraoperative, parts, intraoperative,
musculoskeletal, urology, musculoskeletal, urology,
cardiology, vascular cardiology, vascular
PROBE TYPES, MHz
Mechanical sector NA NA NA
Annular array NA NA NA
Linear array 5-12 (58 mm) 2-14 (32 mm), 6-12 (56 2.8-13 (38 mm), 5-12 (58
mm), 7-15 (25 mm, 36 mm) mm), 5.2-14.7 (25 mm)
Curvilinear (convex) NA 3-6, 3-6, 5.7-8 2.5-5.5 (6 mm)
array
Phased array 1.3-6.0 2.5-10 1.3-9.1
Multifrequency All multifrequency probes All triple frequency All multifrequency probes
TEE
Single-plane TEE NA NA NA
Biplane TEE NA NA NA
Multiplane TEE Yes Yes Yes
Pediatric TEE NA NA Yes
Others CW pencil 4-D cardiac 3-12, 7-15 intraoperative; 2- 3-8.6 endocavity, 2 CW
7 biopsy; 1.9, 5 pencil; 2-11 pencil, 3.2-9.1 neonatal
endovaginal; 2-11 head, 4-D micro-convex, 4-
monoplane, 3-13 biplane D convex, 4-D linear, 4-D
endorectal endocavity
SECTOR ANGLE, ° 90 90-20 90
GRAYSCALE LEVELS 256 256 256

covering the above
model(s). These


PREPROCESSING Yes Yes Yes
POSTPROCESSING Yes Yes Yes
IMAGING MODES
M-mode display Yes Yes Yes
M-mode and 2-D Yes Yes Yes
Harmonic imaging Yes Yes Yes
3-D display Yes Yes Yes
4-D (live 3-D) display Not specified Not specified Not specified
Doppler
Color flow mapping Yes Yes Yes
Spectral
CW Yes Yes Yes
PW Yes Yes Yes
Other Advanced dynamic flow Advanced dynamic flow Advanced dynamic flow
Power Yes Yes Yes
Frequency, MHz 1-14.5 1-14 1-14.5
Velocity display Yes Yes Yes
PRF, kHz ≤0.5 to ≥24 PW; ≤1.5 to 1.3-12.5 PW; 4-47.6 CW ≤0.5 to ≥24 PW; ≤1.5 to
≥50 CW ≥50 CW
Duplex Yes Yes Yes
Triplex mode Yes Yes Yes
FUNCTIONALITY
Digital calipers Yes Yes Yes
Spectrum analyzer Yes Yes Yes
Selectable dynamic Yes Yes Yes
range
Adjustable transmit Yes Yes Yes
focus
Dynamic receive focus Yes Yes Yes
Measurements on VCR Yes Yes Yes
replay

model(s). These
the next two pages.


DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
Pan/zoom
Real-time image Yes Yes Yes
Frozen image Yes Yes Yes
Cine Yes Yes Yes
Max number frames 4,095 511 2-D, 255 CDI 4,095
SINGLE/DUAL MONITORS Single Single Single
SPLIT SCREEN Yes Yes Yes
IMAGE STORAGE HDD, CD/DVD, USB, HDD, MOD, CD/DVD, USB, HDD, MOD, videotape,
METHOD videotape, printer videotape, printer printer, DVD
Capacity, number of 10,000 10,000 10,000
stored images
PHYSIOLOGIC DATA Peak systole, peak diastole, Peak systole, peak diastole, Peak systole, peak diastole,
ECG, PCG ECG, PCG ECG, PCG
ANALYSIS PACKAGES
Cardiac scanning Yes Yes Yes
Vascular scanning Yes Yes Yes
Stress echo Optional Optional Yes
Others Speckle tracking, volume OB/GYN; complete user- OB/GYN, bile duct,
data programmable calculation gallbladder, liver, pancreas,
packages kidney, spleen, prostate,
user-programmable
calculation, volume imaging
POWER REQUIREMENTS 120 VAC 110, 60 Hz 100-120/220-240VAC,
VAC 50/60Hz
H x W x D, cm (in) 142 x 58.4 x 119.4 (55.9 x 142 x 52 x 114 (55.9 x 20.5 142.7 x 540 x 898 (56.2 x
23 x 47) x 44.9) 21.3 x 35.4)
WEIGHT, kg (lb) 200 (441) 125 (275) 143 (315)
CARDIAC/VASCULAR
CONFIGURATION
List price range $225,000-350,000 $75,000-125,000 $120,000 - $150,000

model(s). These
the next page.


WARRANTY 1 year 1 year 1 year
YEAR FIRST SOLD 2008 2001 2007
NUMBER INSTALLED Not specified 18,000 Not specified
FISCAL YEAR April to March April to March April to March
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Advanced dynamic flow; I-Touch customizable user Advanced dynamic flow;
pulse-subtraction plus; interface; digital pulse-subtraction plus;
ApliPure; cardiac 4-D; architecture; digital ApliPure; Fast Fusion 3-D;
SmartCore Technology; continuous beam formation; multiplanar 3-D; intelligent
spatial/frequency advanced data component architecture;
compounding; I-Touch management unit; spatial/frequency
customizable control directional color angio; compounding; I-Touch
console and GUI; TDI, 2- stress echo; programmable customizable control
D/3-D speckle tracking, user interface; DICOM console and GUI, stress
dysynchronous imaging, compliant. echo, TDI, volume imaging.
stress echo, volume data.
UMDNS CODE(S) 17422 17422 17422
LAST UPDATED March 2008 March 2008 March 2008
Supplier Footnotes
Model Footnotes
Data Footnotes

MODEL ECRI INSTITUTE'S BOSTON SCIENTIFIC GE HEALTHCARE GE HEALTHCARE

RECOMMENDED
SPECIFICATIONS1
Intravascular Ultrasonic Galaxy IVUS Imaging Vivid E9 Vivid q
Scanning Systems System
WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide
OTHER APPLICATIONS Intracardiac, peripheral Not specified Not specified
vascular
PROBE TYPES, MHz
Mechanical sector 9, 12.5, 15, 20, 30, 40 Not specified Not specified
Linear array NA 9L-D (2.4-10.0), 11L-D (5.0- 8L-RS (14.0-13.0), 12L-RS
12.0) (6.0-13.0)
Convex array NA 4C-D (1.6-6.0) 4C-RS (1.8-6.0), 8C-RS
(4.7-11.0)
Phased array NA Active matrix single crystal Matrix Phased Array, M4S-
phased array, M5S-D (1.5- RS (1.5-3.6 MHz), sector
4.5 MHz) active matrix 4-D phased array; 5S-RS (2.0-
volume phased array; (3V-D 5.0 MHz), 6S-RS (2.7-
(1.5-4.0 MHz) sector 8.0MHz), 7S-RS (3.5-8.0
phased array; 6S-D (2.7-8.0 MHz), 10S-RS (5.0-11.5
MHz) MHz)
Multifrequency NA Not specified Not specified
Others Imaging catheters TEE: 6T, 6Tc, 6Tc-RS, 9T, Intra-operative i12L-RS
9T-RS (pediatric); pencil: (5.0-13.0 MHz); TEE adult
P2D, P6D (2.9-8.0 MHz); TEE
pediatrics (4.0-10.0 MHz);
pencil (2.0 and 6.0 MHz)
SECTOR ANGLE,° 360 360 M5S-D (120), 6S-D (90) M4S-RS (90), 5S-RS (90),
6S-RS (90), 7S-RS (90),
10S-RS (90)
FRAME RATE, fps >25 30 2-D: frame rate in excess of Frame rate optimized
1000 fps depending on dependent upon application
probe, settings and
applications; 4-D: variable
frame rate settings
available; color doppler
imaging: frame rate in
excess of 150 fps,
depending on probe and
settings
GRAYSCALE LEVELS 256 minimum 256, 8-bit 256 256
POSTPROCESSING Yes Yes Yes, Accelerated Volume Yes, TruScan Raw Data
This is the first of three

model(s). These
the next two pages.


RECOMMENDED
SPECIFICATIONS1
MAXIMUM DISPLAY
DEPTH, mm >16 Not specified Not specified Not specified
DIGITAL CALIPERS Yes Online quantification Yes Yes
M-MODE DISPLAY No Yes Yes
HARMONIC IMAGING Not specified Yes Yes
COLOR FLOW MAPPING No Yes Yes
SPECTRUM ANALYZER No Automatic spectrum Automatic spectrum
optimization optimization
SELECTABLE DYNAMIC Not specified Yes Yes
RANGE
SINGLE/DUAL MONITORS Single; dual optional 43.2 cm (17") plus 26.4 cm 38.1 cm (15") high-
(10.4") interactive touch resolution, flat, TFT LCD
screen; 1280 x 960 pixels
with 16.7 million colors
SPLIT SCREEN IVUS/x-ray/longitudinal Yes Yes
FROZEN IMAGE Yes Yes Yes
MAGNIFY FROZEN IMAGE No Yes Yes
MEASUREMENTS ON Yes Not specified Not specified
VCR REPLAY
CINE Yes Yes Display of images in loop Display of images in loop
mode mode
IMAGE STORAGE VCR, MOD Videotape, DVD, CD-R, HD, DVD, DVR, multiple Built-in patient archive, HD
DICOM network USB ports (front and back (~80 GB), export to
accessible), USB flash DVD/CD-RW, magneto-
card, USB HD, B/W printer optical disk and DICOM
(network), raw data output media, USB flash, VCR,
(EchoPAC, Image Vault), B/W and color video printer,
DICOM output EchoPAC, and Image Vault
Capacity, number of 78 min, hard disk; 20 min, >100 GB on board, optional Not specified
stored images MOD; 5 min, CD-R (digital) 1 TB plus additional
expansion
PHYSIOLOGIC DATA With simultaneous display High-resolution display of High-resolution display of
ECG, respiration, phono ECG trace
and pressure/AUX traces
ANALYSIS PACKAGES
Intravascular Yes Yes Not specified Not specified
Others Intracardiac Vascular, cardiac. obstetric Vascular, cardiac
POWER REQUIREMENTS 650 W, 100-230 VAC, 50/60 100-230 VAC, 50/60 Hz 100-240 VAC/2.3-1.1A,
Hz 50/60 Hz
H x W x D, cm (in) 155 x 55 x 71 (61 x 22 x 21) [115-113.5] x 54.4 x 84.4 5.9 x 35.8 x 31.3 (2.3 x 14.2
([45.4-53.1] x 21.8 x 33.3) x 12.4)
WEIGHT, kg (lb) 201 (445) 140 (308) 5 (11)
LIST PRICE RANGE $150,000 Not specified Not specified
WARRANTY 1 year Yes Yes
NUMBER INSTALLED NA Not specified Not specified
FISCAL YEAR January to December Not specified Not specified
This is the second of three

model(s). These
the next page.


RECOMMENDED
SPECIFICATIONS1
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Automatic pullback device Accelerated Volume Optional SmartStress,
for hands-free imaging; Architecture, increased automated function imaging,
motor-driven scanning; volume size for full volume auto ejection fraction, tissue
menu-driven console; single beat 4-D acquisition; synchronization imaging,
polyethylene catheters; coherent and harmonic tissue tracking/tissue
picture-in-picture format with image processing, highly velocity imaging, b-flow/BFI,
angiographic image. portable, user-adaptable intima media thickness,
design; Ultra Definition LVO contrast imaging,
Clarity, Ultra Definition vascular/abdominal contrast
Speckle Reduce, advanced imaging, ICE, MPEGvue,
D-Series transducers; ease eVue, various probes,
of use features include: 4-D DICOM network connectivity
Flexi-Volume, (adjustable package, biopsy kits, TEE
single/multiple beat, volume probe interface module,
rate, volume size, TEE accessories,
resolution), 4-D views (auto- peripherals, others.
crop), 4-D stress echo, 4-D
Auto LVQ (LV Quantitative
Analysis), and Scan Assist;
ergonomics: reduced size
and weight, highly portable
design, front and back
handles, electronically
adjustable control console,
articulating LCD arm with
lock, lightweight
transducers; data
management: 4-D virtual
store to reduce storage
needs, coupled with transfer
of TruScan raw data to the
Image Vault and EchoPAC
workstation.
UMDNS CODE(S) 17746 17746 17746 17746
LAST UPDATED May 20051 March 2009 March 2009
Supplier Footnotes 1These recommendations
are the opinions of ECRI
Institute's technology
experts. ECRI Institute
assumes no liability for
decisions made based on
this data.
Model Footnotes
Data Footnotes 1Model is currently
marketed; specifications
updated using
manufacturer's Website.

MODEL VOLCANO VOLCANO VOLCANO

In-Vision Gold Imaging s5 s5i Integrated IVUS
WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide, except Japan
OTHER APPLICATIONS Intracoronary, peripheral Intracoronary, peripheral Intracoronary, peripheral
vascular vascular vascular
PROBE TYPES, MHz
Mechanical sector NA NA NA
Linear array NA NA NA
Convex array NA NA NA
Phased array NA NA NA
Multifrequency NA NA NA
Others 10, 20 center; synthetic 10, 20 center; synthetic 10, 20 center; synthetic
aperture array, 45 MHz aperture array, imaging aperture array, imaging
rotational imaging catheters catheters catheters
SECTOR ANGLE,° 360 360 360
FRAME RATE, fps 30 30 30
GRAYSCALE LEVELS 256 256 256
PREPROCESSING Yes Yes Yes
POSTPROCESSING Yes Yes Yes
This is the first of three

model(s). These
the next two pages.


MAXIMUM DISPLAY
DEPTH, mm 16, 24, 60 16, 24, 60 16, 24, 60
DIGITAL CALIPERS 6 sets, online quantification 6 sets, online quantification 6 sets, online quantification
M-MODE DISPLAY No No No
HARMONIC IMAGING No No No
COLOR FLOW MAPPING Yes Yes Yes
SPECTRUM ANALYZER No No No
SELECTABLE DYNAMIC Yes No No
RANGE
SINGLE/DUAL MONITORS Single; dual optional Single; dual optional Single; dual optional
SPLIT SCREEN Picture-in-picture; pullback, Pullback, sagittal, ILD Pullback, sagittal, ILD
sagittal, ILD
FROZEN IMAGE 8 All stills available All stills available
MAGNIFY FROZEN IMAGE No No No
MEASUREMENTS ON Optional Measurements can be Measurements can be
VCR REPLAY recorded to DVD recorded to DVD
CINE Yes Yes Yes
IMAGE STORAGE Video, page print, CD-R Local, DVD, page print, Local, DVD, page print,
(DICOM storage) DICOM store DICOM store
Capacity, number of Up to 9 min of digital 256 GB disk Dual 256 GB disks
stored images imaging review
PHYSIOLOGIC DATA ECG ECG available for gating ECG available for gating
ANALYSIS PACKAGES
Intravascular Yes Autoborders, Autoborders,
automeasurements automeasurements
Others VH plaque characterization VH plaque characterization VH plaque characterization
POWER REQUIREMENTS 100, 120, 200, 230, or 240 90-240 VAC; 50/60 Hz; 400 100, 120, 220, 230, or 240
VAC; 50/60 Hz; 1,500-1,800 VA VAC; 50/60 Hz; 600 VA
VA
H x W x D, cm (in) 147.3 x 57.2 x 71.1 (58 x 81 x 34.5 x 36 (31.9 x 13.6 41.9 x 17.2 x 54 (16.5 x
22.5 x 28) x 14.2) 6.75 x 21.25) CPU; 12.7 x
38.1 x 25.4 (5 x 15 x 10)
controller; 44.5 x 45.7 x 25.4
(17.5 x 18 x 10) monitor
WEIGHT, kg (lb) 176 (387) 43 (95) CPU: 15 (35); controller: 3.0
(6.6); monitor: 15 (35)
LIST PRICE RANGE $139,000 $189,000 $159,000 base plus options
WARRANTY 1 year 1 year 1 year
NUMBER INSTALLED >1,200 >400 >150
FISCAL YEAR January to December January to December January to December
This is the second of three

model(s). These
the next page.


OTHER SPECIFICATIONS IVUS imaging; menu-driven IVUS imaging; lightweight IVUS imaging; fully
console management, roll-around facilitates easier integrated into the cath lab;
phased array or rotational access to IVUS; simplified provides access to IVUS;
imaging; grey scale and VH user interface, digital simplified user interface,
plaque characterization imaging, and automatic digital imaging, and
imaging available; auto border tracing and automatic border tracing
pullback; peripheral automatic measurements; and automatic
vascular, ChromoFlow, and grayscale and VH plaque measurements enable
ILD sagittal display. characterization imaging quicker procedures;
available; autopullback; grayscale and VH plaque
peripheral vascular, characterization imaging
ChromoFlow, and ILD available; autopullback;
sagittal display. peripheral vascular,
ChromoFlow, and ILD
sagittal display.
UMDNS CODE(S) 17746 17746 17746
LAST UPDATED March 2007 March 2007 March 2007
Supplier Footnotes
Model Footnotes
Data Footnotes

Scanning Systems, Ultrasonic, Cardiac Intravascular: Scope of This Product Comparison

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Scanning Systems, Ultrasonic, Cardiac; Intravascular

Scope of this Product Comparison

2 ©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved.

1. Flat Linear 2. Curvilinear 3. Phased

©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved 3

4 ©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved.

©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved 5

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)

Harmonic imaging (HI)

Intravascular scanning systems

6 ©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved.

©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved 7

8 ©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved.

©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved 9

Present Value/Life-Cycle Cost Analysis

10 ©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved.

Operating and Ownership Costs

©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved 11

12 ©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved.

©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved 13

14 ©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved.

©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved 15

Aloka Co Ltd (Asia/Pacific) [262423]

Aloka Co Ltd (USA) [150430]

Aloka Holding Europe AG [262424]

Esaote Biomedica Deutschland GmbH An Esaote Group Co [284867]

Esaote China Ltd An Esaote Group Co [371773]

Esaote Espana SA An Esaote Group Co [393186]

16 ©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved.

Fukuda Denshi Europe [264073]

Fukuda Denshi UK [324748]

Fukuda Denshi USA Inc [105044]

GE Healthcare Asia (Japan) [300443]

GE Healthcare Europe [171319]

©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved 17

Phone: 33 (1) 30704040 Fax: 33 (1) 30709855

GE Healthcare South Africa [340559]

Hitachi Medical Corp of America [107620]

Hitachi Medical Systems Europe Holdings AG [415945]

Hitachi Medical Systems GmbH [393172]

Kontron Medical India A Charterhouse Co [442202]

18 ©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved.

Phone: 91 (11) 5192456 Fax: 91 (11) 5192456

Kontron Medical SAS A Charterhouse Co [154412]

Medison Co Ltd [146952]

Medison Europa GmbH [157007]

Medison Japan Co Ltd [354554]

Philips Medical Systems North America [102120]

©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved 19

Phone: (425) 487-7000, (800) 722-7900 Fax: (425) 485-6080

Philips Medical Systems UK Ltd [415447]

Philips Medizin Systeme GmbH [160137]

Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc Ultrasound Div [399202]

Siemens-Asahi Medical Technologies Ltd [178463]

20 ©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved.

Toshiba Corp Medical Systems Co Ltd [140664]

Toshiba Medical (Australia) Pty Ltd [373230]

Toshiba Medical Systems Europe bv [160817]

Chart B: Intravascular Ultrasonic Scanning Systems

Boston Scientific Corp [107135]

Boston Scientific Japan KK [342198]

Boston Scientific Ltd (UK) [392189]

©2009 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved 21