CARDIAC ULTRASOUND MACHINE

ECHOCARDIOGRAPH
HEART LUNG BYPASS MACHINE
C-ARM FLUROSCOPY MACHINE
PACEMAKER
Definition:cardiac ultrasound which is also known
as echocardiography, refers to the ultrasound imaging of a
very fast moving complex organ located deep within the body.
Principle:The ultrasound machine transmits high-frequency (1
to 5 megahertz) sound pulses into your body using a probe.
The sound waves travel into your body and hit a boundary
between tissues .
Description:It is a useful tool for assessing the structure and
function of the heart and related vessels. Furthermore, cardiac
ultrasound examination is a quick, easy, and painless
assessment that uses ultrasound waves to produce images of
the heart.
Working : Transducer probe - probe that sends and receives the
sound waves
Central processing unit (CPU) - computer that does all of the
calculations and contains the electrical power supplies for itself
and the transducer probe
Transducer pulse controls - changes the amplitude, frequency
and duration of the pulses emitted from the transducer probe
Display - displays the image from the ultrasound data processed by
the CPU
Keyboard/cursor - inputs data and takes measurements from the
display
Disk storage device (hard, floppy, CD) - stores the acquired
images
Printer - prints the image from the displayed data

Manufacture:philips
Model:iu22
Definition:an instrument using reflected ultrasonic waves to sho
w the structures and functioning of the heart: for diagnosing he
art abnormalities.
Principle: Echocardiograph is basically a diagnostic procedure
whereby images of the heart are produced using ultrasound. .
All the availability information thus far indicates
that echocardiograph offers very little.
Description:An echocardiogram is a type of ultrasound test
that uses high-pitched sound waves that are sent through a
device called a transducer.
Working: Echocardiography uses high-frequency sound
waves (also called ultrasound) that can provide a moving
picture of your heart. The sound waves are sent through the
body with a device called a transducer. ...
Doppler echocardiography measures blood flowing through
the arteries and shows the pattern of flow through the heart.
Manufacture:Troostwijk
 Definition : A machine that does the work both of the heart and of the lungs:
pumping and oxygenating blood. Blood returning to the heart is diverted
through a heart-lung machine before being returned to arterial circulation.
Principle: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a technique in which
a machine temporarily takes over the function of
the heart and lungs during surgery, maintaining the circulation of blood
and the oxygen content of the patient's body
Description: Heart lung bypass machine is a life saving device.
it is a post stop complication.
Working:This creates a new route for blood to flow, so that the heart muscle
will get the oxygen-rich blood it needs to work properly. During bypass
surgery, the breastbone (sternum) is divided, the heart is stopped, and
blood is sent through a heart-lung machine.
Definition:A C-arm is an imaging scanner intensifier. The name derives
from the C-shaped arm used to connect the x-ray source and x-ray detector
to one another. C- arm shave radiographic capabilities, though they are
used primarily for fluoroscopic intra operative imaging during surgical,
orthopedic and emergency care procedures.
Principle: An x-ray image intensifier (XRII) is an image intensifier that
converts x-rays into visible light at higher intensity than the more
traditional fluorescent screens can. Such intensifiers are used in x-ray
imaging systems (such as fluoroscopes) to allow low-intensity x-rays to be
converted to a conveniently bright visible light output.
Description: C- arm shave radiographic capabilities, though they are used
primarily for fluoroscopic intra operative imaging during surgical,
orthopedic and emergency care procedures
Working: image intensifier is to convert
incident x-ray photons to light photons of
sufficient intensity .The first is conversion of
x-ray photons to light photons by the
input phosphor. Sodium activated Cesium
Iodide is typically used due to its high
conversion efficiency thanks to high atomic
number and mass attenuation coefficient. The
light photons are then converted
to electrons by a photocathode.
Definition:A pacemaker is a small electronic device implanted under the skin
that sends electrical impulses to the heart muscle to maintain a suitable heart
rate and to prevent slow heart rates.
Principle:A pacemaker helps monitor and control your heartbeat. The electrodes
detect your heart's electrical activity and send data through the wires to the
computer in the generator. If your heart rhythm is abnormal, the computer will
direct the generator to send electrical pulses to your heart.
Description:
 Types of Pacemakers
 Single-chamber pacemaker. This type of pacemaker has one lead that
connects the pulse generator to one chamber of your heart. ...
 Dual-chamber pacemaker. With two leads, this device connects to both
chambers on the right side of your heart, the right atrium and the right
ventricle. ...
 Biventricular pacemaker.
 Working:Pacemakers consist of a pager-sized housing
device that contains a battery and the electronic
circuitry that runs the device, along with one or two
long thin electrical wires that travel from the
pacemaker housing device to the heart. The housing
device is implanted below the skin in the shoulder area.
The thin wires, which can conduct electrical impulses,
are then threaded from the housing device through a
vein that runs in the chest, to the heart.