Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Assessment in Learning 1
with Focus on TM I
Learning Modules
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
1
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
Learning Outcomes;
Defined the basic concepts/terms of assessment;
Discriminated the different purposes of assessment;
Differentiated the different types of Assessment;
Discussed the general principles of assessment;
Explained the different guidelines for effective student assessment;
Defined the following terms: goals, objectives, and educational objectives/ instructional
objectives,
Write specific and general objectives;
Formulated learning outcomes and learning activities;
Determined observable outcome and non-observable learning outcomes;
Identified the different levels of Bloom’s taxonomy; and
Identified the different levels of Krathwohl’s 2001 revised cognitive domain.
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
2
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
1 BASIC CONCEPTS IN
ASSESSMENT
Defined the basic concepts/terms of
assessment; Types of Assessment Procedures
Discriminated the different Modes of Assessment
purposes of assessment; Guidelines for Effective Student
Differentiated the different types of Assessment
Assessment;
Discussed the general principles of
assessment;
Explained the different guidelines
for effective student assessment.
2 ASSESSING LEARNING
OUTCOMES
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
3
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
Module 1:
Lesson 1: Different terminologies: Assessment, Testing, Measurement and
Evaluation
Lessons in the module Lesson 2: Types of Assessment Procedures
Lesson 3: Modes of Assessment
Lesson 4: Guidelines for Effective Student Assessment
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
4
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
This module contains information and suggested learning activities about the
basic concepts in assessment. Upon completing this module, report to your
Introduction teacher for assessment to check your achievement of knowledge and skills
requirements of this module. If you pass the assessment, you will be given
a certificate of completion.
PRE/DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Choose letter of your choice by writing on the space
provided.
_____1. It is one of the methods used to measure the performances of the learners.
_____4. It is designed to measure number of items an individual can complete over a period of time.
_____5. It is a type of assessment which the students choose their answer from a list of choices.
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
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Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
Assessment, measurement and evaluation mean many different things. These terms are
sometimes used interchangeably in the field of education.
The term Assessment refers to the different components and activities of different schools. An
assessment can be used to student learning and in comparing student learning with the learning goals
of an academic program.
Test- it is a formal and systematic instrument, usually paper and pencil procedure designed to
assess the quality, ability, skill or knowledge of students by giving a set of question in uniform
manner.
Testing - it is one of the different methods used to measure the level of performance or
achievement of the learners.
Evaluation - it refers to the process of judging the quality or what is good and what is
desirable. It is the comparison of data to a set of standard of learning criteria for the purpose of
judging the worth or quality.
Nature of Assessment
Format of Assessment
1. Fixed-choice Test - it is used to measure knowledge and skills effectively and efficiently.
Example: Standard multiple-choice test
2. Complex - performance Assessment - it is used to measure the performance of the learner in
context and on problems valued in their own right.
Examples: Hands-on laboratory experiment, projects, essays, oral presentation
1. Beginning of Instruction
Placement Assessment - it is used to determine the prerequisite skills, degree of mastery of
the course objectives and the best mode of learning.
2. During Instruction
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
7
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
Formative Assessment - it is used to monitor the learning progress of the students during the
instruction.
Diagnostic Assessment - it is a type of assessment given at the beginning of instruction.
3. End of Instruction
Summative Test - is a type of assessment usually given at the end of a course unit.
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
8
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
1. Supply Test - it is a type of test that requires the examinees to supply an answer.
Example: essay, completion or short item tests
2. Fixed - response test - it is a type of test that requires the examinees to select an answer
from a given option
Example: Multiple-choice test, Matching type or True or False
1. Speed Test - it is designed to measure number of items an individual can complete over
a certain period of time.
2. Power Test - it is designed to measure the level of performance rather than speed of
response.
Traditional Assessment
This refers to standardized testing that uses questions with a limited number of answer
choices. It includes multiple choices, true or false and some short answer responses.
Alternative Assessment
This is a form of student performance grading that allows for a more holistic approach
to student assessment.
Performance-based Assessment
This measures students' ability to apply the skills and knowledge learned from a unit
or units of study.
Portfolio Assessment
It is a collection of student work that can exhibit a student's efforts, progress, and
achievements in various areas of the curriculum. A portfolio assessment can be an examination of
student-selected samples of work experiences and documents related to outcomes being assessed, and
it can address and support progress toward achieving academic goals, including student efficacy.
Effective assessment design enhances student learning, and engages students with different
learning styles. Assessment influences what a student interprets to be the important learning goals for
a course. The assignments we design constitute the means by which we assess student learning. In the
best case scenario, assessments should be aligned with course goals and objectives. The following
guidelines will help you to design assessments that promote your students’ learning.
SELF-CHECK
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
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Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
General Instructions: Read carefully the following statements. Provide what is being asked on the
given number items. Cite the reference of the answer if it needs researching using APA
format. PARAPHRASING is highly recommended.
A. Restricted Essay
In a maximum number of ten (10) sentences, define the basic concepts of assessment using
different reference/s. Answers will be rated using the rubric below.
1. In a maximum number of ten (10) sentences, define the basic concepts of assessment using
different reference/s.
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
12
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
13
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
Placement
Diagnostic
Summative
Norm-referenced
Reference/s:
Module 1 references:
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
14
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
Gabuyo, Y. (2012). Assessment of Learning 1. Rex Bookstore. 856 Nicanor Reyes, Sr.
St.,Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines.
The Harriet W. Sheridan Center of Teaching and Learning (2020). Guidelines for Assessing
Student Learning. Retrieved form https://www.brown.edu/sheridan/teaching-learning-
resources/teaching-resources/course-design/classroom-assessment/guidelines
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
15
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
Lesson No. and Title Lesson 4: Criteria for Selecting Appropriate Objectives
Lesson 5: Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy
Learning Outcomes Defined the following terms: goals, objectives, and educational objectives/
instructional objectives,
Write specific and general objectives;
Formulated learning outcomes and learning activities;
Determined observable outcome and non-observable learning outcomes;
Identified the different levels of Bloom’s taxonomy; and
Identified the different levels of Krathwohl’s 2001 revised cognitive domain.
Time Frame 4 weeks
PRE/DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT
Directions: Read the statements below. Choose the letter of your choice and write it on the space
provided.
_____1. It is a broad statement of general outcomes that do not include specific level of performance.
_____2. It is one of the three domains which call for outcomes of mental activity.
_____4. An educator who constructed the levels of taxonomy and uses nouns as behavioral terms.
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
16
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
Instructional goals and objectives play a very important role in both instructional process and
assessment process. This serves as a guide both for teaching and learning process, communicate the
purpose of instruction to other stakeholders and to provide guidelines for assessing the performance
of the students.
1. It provides direction for the instructional process by clarifying the intended learning
outcomes.
2. It conveys instructional intent to other stakeholders such as students, parents, school
officials and the public.
3. It provides basis for assessing the performance of the students by describing the
performance to be measured.
The terms goals and objectives are two different concepts but they are related to each other. Goals
and objectives are very important. Goals can never be accomplished without objectives and you
cannot get the objectives you want without the goals. This means that goals and objectives are both
tools that are needed to accomplish what you want to achieve.
Goals - A broad statement of very general educational outcomes that do not include specific level
of performance. Examples: learn problem solving skills; develop high level thinking skill
Instructional Objectives - Specific statement of the learners behavior or outcomes that are
expected to be exhibited by the students after completing a unit of instruction.
FOUR MAIN THINGS THAT OBJECTIVES SHOULD SPECIFY
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
17
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
1. Audience - Who are the specific people the objectives are aimed at?
Example: At the end of sixty-minute period, the students will be able to:
2. Observable Behavior - What do you expect them to be able to do? This should be an overt,
observable behavior, even if the actual behavior is covert or mental in nature. If you cannot see it,
hear it, touch it, taste it, or smell it, you cannot be sure your audience really learned it.
3. Special Conditions - the behavior must be displayed by the students. How? Under what
circumstances will the learning occur?
4. Stating Criterion Level - The criterion level of acceptable performance specifies how many of
the items must the students answer correctly from the teacher to attain his/her objectives.
Educational objectives are also known as instructional objectives. There are two types of
educational objectives. These are:
2. General or Expressive Objectives - The statements are usually not specified and the criterion
of the performance level is not stated.
Example: Visit Manila Zoo and discuss what was of interest.
Instructional objective is a clear and concise statement of skill that the students are expected to
perform or exhibit after discussing a certain lesson or unit of instruction.
When a teacher developed instructional objectives, he must include an action verb that
specifies learning outcome. Some educators and education students are often confused with learning
outcome and learning activity
An activity that implies a certain product or end result of instructional objectives is called
learning outcome. If you write an instructional objectives as a means or processes of attaining the end
product, then it is considered as learning activity. Hence, revise it so that the product of the activity is
Learning Activities Learning Outcomes stated.
study identify
read write Examples:
watch recall
listen list
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
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Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
After developing learning outcomes, the next step the teacher must consider is to identify
whether the learning outcome is stated as a measurable and observable behavior or non-measurable
or non-observable behavior.
The following are examples of verbs in terms of observable learning outcomes and non-
observable learning outcomes.
1. Knowledge
1.1 Terminology
1.2 Specific Facts
1.3 Concepts and principles
1.4 Methods and procedures
2. Understanding
2.1 Concepts and principles
2.2 Methods and procedures
2.3 Written material, graphs, maps, and numerical data
2.4 Problem situations
3. Application
3.1 Factual information
3.2 Concepts and principles
3.3 Methods and procedures
3.4 Problem solving skills
4. Thinking skills
4.1 Critical thinking
4.2 Scientific thinking
5. General skills
5.1 laboratory skills
5.2 Performance skills
5.3 Communication skills
5.4 Computational skills
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
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Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
6. Attitudes
6.1 Social attitudes
6.2 Scientific attitudes
7. Interests
7.1 Personal interests
7.2 Educational interest
7.3 Vocational interest
8. Appreciations
8.1 Literature art, music
8.2 Social and scientific achievements
9. Adjustments
9.1 Social adjustments
9.2 Emotional adjustments
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
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Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
2. Affective Domain - it describes the learning objectives that emphasize a feeling tone, an
emotion or a degree of acceptance or rejection.
There are three taxonomies. Which of the three to use for a given measurable student outcome
depends upon the original goal to which the measurable student outcome is connected. There are
knowledge-based goals, skills-based goals, and affective goals (affective: values, attitudes, and
interests); accordingly, there is a taxonomy for each. Within each taxonomy, levels of expertise are
listed in order of increasing complexity. Measurable student outcomes that require the higher levels of
expertise will require more sophisticated classroom assessment techniques.
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
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Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
The bottom line is this: you cannot evaluate unless you can synthesize, you cannot synthesize if
you cannot analyze, you cannot analyze if you cannot apply, you cannot apply if you cannot
comprehend, and you cannot comprehend if you do not know. You need to have knowledge first and
foremost before you can do any of these things. That means learning the basics of letters and sounds,
numbers, basic arithmetic (meaning, memorizing addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
tables), spelling, grammar, story structure, and basic knowledge of science, history, and social studies.
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
22
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
Lorin Anderson, a former student of Bloom together with Krathwohl, revised the
Bloom’s taxonomy of cognitive domain in the mid-90’s in order to fit the more outcome-focused
modern education objectives.
There are two major changes: (1) the names in the six categories from noun to active
verb, and (2) the arrangement of the order of the last two highest levels as shown in the given figure
above.
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
23
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
24
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
25
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
26
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
1. The objectives should include all important outcomes of the course or subject matter.
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
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Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
2. The objectives should be in harmony with the content standards of the state and with the
general goals of the school.
3. The objectives should be in harmony with the sound principles of learning.
4. The objectives should be realistic in terms of the abilities of the students, time and the
available facilities.
Examples:
SELF-CHECK
General Instructions: Read carefully the following statements. Provide what is being asked on the
given number items. Cite the reference of the answer if it needs researching using APA
format. PARAPHRASING is highly recommended.
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
28
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
II. Download a Trainer’s Regulation from TESDA for Home Economics Strand. Using the Unit
of Competency of the specialization, CONSTRUCT at least 5 learning outcomes and its
corresponding learning activities. Write your answers in matrix form.
III. Read the given words. Determine whether the word/s is/are observable (OLO) or non-
observable learning outcomes (NOLO). Tick the box of your desired answers.
IV. Using the table below, formulate possible objectives that may help the indicated goal.
Write your answers on the space provided.
GOAL OBJECTIVES
V. Draw, identify and differentiate the levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy (1956) and the
Revised Taxonomy by Krathwohl and Anderson (2001). Use the space below.
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
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Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
VI. Read the following sentences. Identify the different levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy. Write
your answer on the space provided.
________________1. It is one of the levels of Bloom’s taxonomy which justifies a stand or position.
________________4. The level of Bloom’s taxonomy which aims to produce new or original work.
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
31
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
________________5. This is the level where the gathered knowledge and information will be used to
gain new ideas.
________________6. This is the level where behavioral terms such as list, recall and name are being
used.
________________7. This is the level where behavioral terms such as manipulate, employ and
perform are being used.
________________9. The level in Bloom’s taxonomy which translates and interpret ideas and
information gained.
_______________10. The level where terms explain and express are being used.
References
Gabuyo, Y. (2012). Assessment of Learning 1. Rex Bookstore. 856 Nicanor Reyes, Sr.
St.,Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines.
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
32
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
The Center of Teaching and Learning (n.d). Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives.
Retrieved from https://teaching.uncc.edu/services-programs/teaching-guides/course-
design/blooms-educational-objectives
Prepared by:
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
33
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
34
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
35
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
36
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
Project WRITE XI: An Easy Guide for Course Pack making and Module Development
37