Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

ORAL
COMMUNICATION IN
CONTEXT

Fundamentals of
Communication

Quarter 1 Week 1 Module 1

Most Essential Learning Competency:
Explain the functions, nature and process of
communication.

0
 Hi! I’m Florrie. I will be your facilitator and guide in this
module. Before you start answering the module, I want you to
set aside other tasks that will disturb you while enjoying the
lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully
enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

Before we begin, take note of the following:

1. Follow carefully all the contents and
instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook or any writing
pad the concepts about the lessons.
Writing enhances learning, that is
important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the
module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your
answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and
apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

By the way, these are the parts of this module:

• Expectations - These are what you will be able
to know after completing the lessons in the
module.
• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge
and the concepts to be mastered throughout the
lesson.
• Looking Back - This section will measure what
learnings and skills that you understand from the
previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction- This section will give you an
overview of the lesson.
• Activities - These are activities designed to
develop critical thinking and other competencies.
This can be done with or without a partner
depending on the nature of the activity.
• Remember - This section summarizes the
concepts and applications of the lessons.
• Checking your Understanding - It will verify
how you learned from the lesson.
• Post-test - This will measure how much you

1
 LESSON 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF
COMMUNICATION

As your facilitator, I expect that you, as a learner, will

understand the nature, elements and process of oral
EXPECTATIONS communication in context.
Specifically, this module will help you to

a. define communication
b. identify the elements of communication, and
c. explain the process of communication
d. explain the importance of communication

Let us start your journey in learning more on the Fundamentals of Communication. I am sure you are ready and excited
to answer the Pretest. Smile and cheer up!

PRETEST

I. Read each test item carefully. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided before
each number.

____1. It is the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals,

writing, or behavior.
A. Language B. Communication C. Channel D. Message
____2. The person who sends out a message is the _______.
A. caller B. receiver C. sender D. messenger
____3. Which is NOT a basic element of communication?
A. source B. destination C. medium D. language
____4. A return message from someone you sent a message to is called ____
A. retweet B. forwarded C. feedback D. reply
____5. Which of the following is NOT a channel?
A. Environment B. Phone call C. E-mail D. Letter

Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your facilitator to check your work. Congratulations and
keep on learning!

2
LOOKING BACK

1. What do you know about communication?

2. Why do you think communication is important?

3. What makes communication effective?

4. What would our life and world be without

communication?

Write your answers to these questions on the space below.

Congratulations! Your ideas are great!

Keep on learning.

3
BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Oral skills – speaking and listening – are at the very foundation of literacy. Classroom talk
helps students to learn, to reflect on what they are learning and to communicate their
knowledge and understanding. In this course, students are given authentic opportunities to
learn how to listen and speak effectively in various situations whether individually, in pair, in
small or in large groups. In this module, we will explore on the fundamentals of
communication based on the following partitions: definition, elements, and process of
communication.

DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION
A. Etymological meaning of communication

The English term 'Communication' has been evolved from Latin language. 'Communis and
communicare' are two Latin words related to the word communication. Communis is noun
word, which means common, communiality or sharing. Similarly, communicare is a verb,
which means 'make something common'. Some scholars relate the term communication with
an English word community. Community members have something common to each other.
communities are {supposed to be} formed with the tie of communication. It is the foundation
of community. Hence, where there is no communication, there can't be a community (Nepali
2011).

B. Other meanings of communication

Communication is a process of sharing and conveying messages or information from one

person to another within and across channels, contexts, media, and cultures (McCornack,
2014).There is a wide variety of contexts and situations in which communication can be
manifested; it can be a face-to-face interaction, a phone conversation, a group discussion, a
meeting or interview, a letter correspondence, a class recitation, and many others (Sepacio
and Balgos 2016).

Communication is the act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to express
or exchange information or ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc., to someone else. It is a process of
transmitting and receiving verbal and nonverbal messages that produce a response. It is a
two-way process through which two or more persons come to exchange ideas and achieve
common understanding.

The communication is considered effective when it achieves the desired reaction or

response from the receiver. In order for communication to be successful, the sender and
receiver must have some signs, words or signals in common with each other so the sent
message can be understood.

4
Elements of Communication
Communication is divided into elements which help us better understand its mechanics or
process. These elements are the following:
1. Speaker – the source or communicator or sender of information or message. The
communicator initiates the process by having a thought or an idea that
she/he wishes to transmit to others.
2. Message – the information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in words
(whether written or spoken) or in actions (gestures or symbols)
3. Encoding – the process of converting the message into words, actions, or other forms
that the speaker understands. It is an act of translating ideas or thought by
the source into a language that may be perceived by the senses.
4. Channel – the medium or the means, such as personal or non-personal, verbal or
nonverbal, in which the encoded message is conveyed or transmitted. It also
refers to the means of transmission in which the message travels to the
receiver. Channel is synonymous to medium. For example, if you are writing
a letter to your distant friend; your letter is the medium.
5. Decoding – the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by the
receiver. It is to understand the meaning of a received information in your
own language.
6. Receiver – the recipient of the message, or someone who decodes the message
7. Feedback – the reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiver after
receiving the message.
8. Context – refers to the environment where communication takes place
9. Barrier – the factors that affect the flow of communication

Process of Communication
Communication is the process of passing information and understanding from one person to
another. The communication process involves six basic elements: sender (encoder),
message, channel, receiver (decoder), noise/barrier, and feedback.
Process Example
1. The speaker generates an idea. Daphne loves Rico, her suitor, as a friend.

2. The speaker encodes an idea or She thinks of how to tell him using their
converts the idea into words or actions. native language.

3. The speaker transmits or sends out a She tells him, “Rico, mahal kita bilang
message. kaibigan.”

4. The receiver gets the message. Rico hears what Daphne says.

He tries to analyze what she means based

5. The receiver decodes or interprets the
on the content and their relationship, and
message based on the context.
he is heartbroken.

He frowns and does not say something,

6. The receiver sends or provides feedback.
because he is in pain.

5
ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Choose an object to which you can compare communication. Be creative in your
answer.

(Place your illustration and description here)

Activity 2: Write an essay about communication and its importance. (100 to 150 words)

Activity 3: Illustrate the process of communication by identifying the role of its components
or elements.

(Place your illustration and description here)

6
REMEMBER

1.Communication is a process.

2.Communication is a two-way process. It occurs between two or

more people (the speaker and the receiver). It is reciprocal in nature.

3.Communication can be expressed through written or spoken words

(verbal), actions (nonverbal), or both spoken words and nonverbal
actions at the same time.

4.Communication is deeply intertwined with the human existence. It is

an integral part of it.

5.The end goal of any communication activity is understanding.

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Study the infographics below. Perform the following tasks:
a.) Label the elements of communication.
b.) Explain the process of communication as shown in the chart.

2
3 5

6
4
10

1
8 7
10
9

7
POST TEST
Read each test item carefully. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided before
each number (Rx2).

1. It is the idea being transmitted by the sender to the receiver.

A. Sender B. Feedback C. Message D. Channel
2. It is the medium or vehicle through which the message is sent.
A. Channel B. Feedback C. Message D. Receiver
3. It is the response or reaction given by the receiver to the sender of the message.
A. Sender B. Receiver C. Message D. Feedback
4. When does encoding take place?
A. When the receiver interprets the message
B. When the sender translates the message into a perceivable form
C. When both sender and receiver need to exchange messages
D. When the sender recognizes the communication style of the other
5. Which statement does NOT describe decoding process?
A. It is deciding on the medium to use in transmitting a message.
B. It involves interpretation.
C. It is assigning meaning to the message.
D. It is usually done by the receiver in a communication process.
6. You deliver a speech about the importance of higher education to a group of high
school students. What is the message?
A. the high school students C. you
B. importance of higher education D. your voice and language
7. Anna sells cookies and cakes to many customers online. Who is the sender of the
message?
A. customers B. Anna C. online D. cookies and cakes
8. Which of the following is an example of audience’s feedback?
A. Laughter B. silence C. half-closed eyelids D. all of the above
9. A message can only be considered effective when it is ___________.
A. delivered on time
B. understood by others and produces the intended result
C. communicated orally with the appropriate nonverbal cues
D. written personally
10. Martin has a habit of ignoring the messages of his classmates. Which of the following
elements is usually missing from interactions with Mark?
A. channel B. participation C. context D. feedback

8
REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET
Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by completing the chart below.

I thought…
What were your thoughts or ideas
about the fundamentals of
communication prior to the
discussion of this lesson?

What new or additional ideas did I learned that…

you learn after taking up this
lesson?

You made it!

9
References:

Sipacio, P. J. F., & Balgos, A. R. G. (2016). Oral Communication in Context for Senior High
School. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.
Flores, Ramona S. (2016). Oral Communication in Context. 1st Edition. Manila: Rex
Publishing
Emery, R. (2012, September). Communications: Its Importance and Basic Elements.
Retrieved anuary 5, 2015, from http://region3.asse.org/: http://region3.asse.org/wp-
content/uploads/2012/09/Bob-Emery-ASSE-Regional-Conference-2012-Communications-
Importance-and-Basic-Elements.pdf
http://nepalicommunication.blogspot.com/2011/01/origin-of-word.html
https://pragatipath1.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/smc2.pdf
https://communicatingcommunication.wordpress.com/2011/02/03/etymology-of-
communication/

https://grapeseedus.com/the-importance-of-oral-language-for-literacy-success/

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Flor M. Derige, Master Teacher II
Editor: Flor M. Derige, Master Teacher II
Reviewer: Vicente M. Victorio Jr., Education Program Supervisor
Management Team: Malcolm S. Garma, Regional Director
Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief
Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS in Charge of
LRMS and Regional ADM Coordinator
Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools
Division Superintendent-Manila
Aida H. Rondilla, CID Chief
Lucky S. Carpio, Division EPS in Charge of LRMS
and Division ADM Coordinator

10