1. ) What is a Surge Tank?

A Surge tank is a water storage device used as a

pressure neutralizer in hydro power water conveyance
systems in order to dampen excess pressure variance.

2. ) What are the types of Surge Tank?

➢ Simple surge tank
➢ Gallery type surge tank
➢ Inclined surge tank
➢ Restricted orifice surge tank
➢ Differential surge tank

3. ) Discuss the principles and functions of a surge tank.

Surge tanks are usually open at the top and of sufficient
height so that they will not overflow.

In some cases, overflow is permitted if the water can be

disposed of without damage.

The bottom of the surge tank must be far enough below

reservoir level so that the tank contains water at all the
times to prevent air from entering the pipe.

Surge tanks reduce the pressures only in the pipe from

the tank to the reservoir, and hence the tank should be
as close to the turbine as possible.
A surge tank is not economical on an extremely
high-head line because of the great height of tank
required.

In such cases, a decrease in the delivery of water to the

turbine is best accomplished by use of defection nozzles
or bypasses, which do not require an immediate
decrease in flow through the pipe itself.

Surge tanks are often built partially or wholly

underground.