Sources of microbial contamination of bulk tank milk

Background

Mastitis

Environment

Milking equipment

Microbial growth during milk storage

Control of microbial contamination of bulk tank milk

Animal health management
Control of feed
Facility hygiene
Milking operations
Milking machine design and operations
Bulk tank design and operations
Identification of effective control measures

Milk composition
Milk is often described as a colloidal suspension, containing
emulsified globules of fat, a heterogeneous family of major and
minor proteins, the carbohydrate lactose, minerals, vitamins
and enzymes
The main factors from which such variability arises are: (a)
genetic factors (e.g. breed and individual),(b)stageoflactation,
(c)healthstatusofthecowand(d)environmentalfactors (e.g. feed,
climate or method of milking).
Milk constituents
Lactose
Milk saltsThe primary salts in milk are phosphates, citrates,
chlorides, sulphates, carbonates and bicarbonates of sodium,
potassium, calcium and magnesium

TheMaillardreactionisachemicalreactionbetweenanaminoacida
ndareducingsugar, usually requiring the addition of heat.