Isabela State University

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION- GRADUATE SCHOOL

Echague, Isabela

Course Code : SOC. SCI. 201

Course Title : Philippine Historical Development
Credit Unit : 3 units
Term : First Semester, School Year 2019-2020
Reporter : Kathlyn Joy Z. Lacasandili

The Rise of Filipino Nationalism

Introduction:
o In the 19th century, Philippine nationalism was born.
o The people began to think of themselves as one nation with common origin, customs and
tradition, history and destiny and aspirations.
o They wanted to be separated or be independent of Spain.

What is Nationalism?
o people of a nation become united and work together for common aims.
o devotion to one’s country, or fighting for its independence.

Factors that gave rise to Nationalism

1. Opening of the Philippines to World Commerce

- It transformed the Philippines as the center of world trade.
o - Provincial ports were opened to foreign merchants
 rice, sugar, abaca, tobacco and indigo
o The economy of the Philippines grows rapidly and its local industries developed.
o It also gave rise to the economic living of the middle class
o Modernization of the country
--1839 : Mail service
--1852 : 1st paper money
-- 1880 : Hotel de Oriente (Binondo)
-- 1846 : 1st newspaper
2. Influx of Liberal Ideas
o Liberal ideas from Europe filtered in; thoughts of famous political philosophers made
known through books and periodicals brought into the country by men from foreign
ports.
 o The possibility of applying Western thoughts as a means to solve existing problems in the
country

o The intellectuals of the country gained access to western political thought from the books and
newspapers brought by foreign travelers

 Ideologies of the French and American Revolution

 Voltaire, Rousseau, Locke, Montesquieu, Jefferson
3. Racial Prejudice

o The Spaniards commonly regarded the Filipino natives as belonging to the “inferior
race”.
o Natives could not rise beyond their “limited intelligence”
o The preconceived of the Spanish colonizers that the natives could not rise beyond their
intelligence” instigated the enlightened Filipinos for equality.

4. Secularization Movement (Padre Pelaez)

o Regular Priests and Secular Priests

o Regular priests belonged to religious orders. Their main task was to spread Christianity.
(Agustine, Dominicans, Jesuits, etc)
o Secular priests were trained to run the parishes and were under the supervision of the
bishops.
o Conflict began when the bishops insisted on visiting the parishes that were being run by
regular priests
o Secular priests must fill in the vacancy left by the clergy.
o Due to lack of personnel, the various religious orders opened membership to young
native Filipinos
--1698: Francisco Baluyut- 1st indio priest

5. Liberal Regime of De La Torre

o He was welcomed by both Filipinos and Spaniards

o A liberal Spaniard who practiced liberal and democratic principles
o He abolished flogging, polo y servicio, tributo
o Juventud Escolar Liberal

6. Cavite Mutiny

o Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo replaced Gov. de la Torre in 1871, and he discarded the
liberal measures.
o He abolished the priveleges of arsenal workers and engineer corps regarding exemption
from tribute and force labor.
o January 20, 1872, about 200 Filipino soldiers and dock workers of Cavite, under the
leadership of Sergeant La Madrid, mutinied and killed their Spanish officers.
o It was suppressed and La Madrid and 41 others were executed in Bagumabyan.
o Father Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, Jacinto Zamora were accused of treason to Spain
and tried in an unfair trial. They were sentenced to death by garrote on February 17,
1872.
 Between 1872 and 1892, national consciousness was growing among Filipinos who had
settled in Europe.
 The execution of GO-BUR-ZA hastened the growth of Filipino nationalism
 The concept of nationhood coincided with the development of the concept of Filipinos