CONSTRUCTING PAPER-AND-PENCIL TESTS

1. 1. CONSTRUCTING PAPER-AND-PENCIL TESTS Jessa Paola G. Campo BBTEBTL IV-2N

Prof. Dumrique
2. 2. OUTLINE OF THE REPORT: I. General Principles ofTesting II. Attributes of a GoodTest
III. Steps in Constructing ClassroomTests IV. Preparing theTable of Specifications (TOS) V.
GeneralGuidelines inWritingTest Items VI. Writing Multiple-Choice Items
3. 3. PAPER-AND-PENCILTESTS • Is one of the most common and systematic way of
gathering information about the learners’ behavior and performance. • Is a professional skill.
4. 4. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OFTESTING 1. Measure all instructional objectives. 2. Cover all
learning tasks. 3. Use appropriate test items. 4. Make test valid and reliable. 5. Use test to
improve learning.
5. 5. ATTRIBUTES OF A GOODTEST • Validity – the degree to which a test measures what it
seeks to measure. • Reliability – the accuracy with which a test consistently measures that
which it does measure. • Objectivity – the extent to which personal biases or subjective
judgment of the test scorer is eliminated in checking the student’ responses to the test items,
as there is only one correct answer for each question. • Scorability – easy to score or check
as answer key and answer sheet are provided. • Administrability – easy to administer as
clear and simple instructions are provided in students, proctors, and scorers.
6. 6. STEPS IN CONSTRUCTING CLASSROOM TESTS
7. 7. • Identification of instructional objectives and learning outcomes. • Listing of theTopics to
be covered by theTest. • Preparation of aTable of Specifications (TOS). • Selection of the
AppropriateTypes ofTests. • Writing ofTest Items. • Sequencing the Items. • Writing the
Directions or Instructions. • Preparation of the Answer Sheet and Scoring Key.
8. 8. PREPARINGTHE TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS (TOS)
9. 9. First, it helps the teachers to decide on what to include and leave out in a test. Second, it
helps them determine how much weight to give for each topic covered and objective to be
tested.
10. 10. STEPSTO OBSERVE IN PREPARING A TABLE OFTEST SPECIFICATIONS: 1. List
down the topics covered for inclusion in the test. 2. Determine the objectives to be assessed
by the test. 3. Specify the number of days or hours spent for teaching a particular topic. 4.
Determine percentage allocation of test items for each of the topics covered. 5. Determine
the number of items to construct for each topic. 6. Distribute the number of items to the
objectives to be tested.
11. 11. TABLE OF SPECIFICATION FOR A 50-ITEM TEST IN ECONOMICS TOPIC/
OBJECTIVE KNOWLEDGE COMPREHENSION APPLICATION ANALYSIS TOTAL The
Nature of Economics 2 2 1 5 10 Economic Systems 3 2 3 2 10 Law of Demand and Supply 3
3 3 6 15 Price Elasticity of Demand and Supply 2 3 3 7 15 Total 10 10 10 20 50
12. 12. GENERAL GUIDELINES IN WRITINGTEST ITEMS
13. 13. 1. Avoid Wording that is ambiguous and confusing. 2. Use appropriate vocabulary and
sentence structure. 3. Keep questions short and to the point. 4. Write items that have one
correct answer. 5. Do not provide clues to the answer.
14. 14. WRITING MULTIPLE- CHOICE ITEMS
15. 15. • The most widely used form of the test. • It can be in measuring different kinds of content
and almost any type of cognitive behavior, from factual knowledge to analysis of complex
data.
16. 16. A multiple-choice item is composed of a stem, which sets up the problem and asks a
question, followed by a number of alternative responses.
17. 17. GUIDELINES IN WRITING EFFECTIVE MULTIPLE-CHOICE ITEMS: 1. Each item
should be clearly stated, in the form of a question or an incomplete statement. 2. Do not
provide grammatical or contextual clues to the correct answer. 3. Use language that even the
 poorest readers will understand. 4. Write a correct or best answer and several plausible
distractors. 5. Each alternative response should fit the stem in order to avoid giving clues to
its correctness. 6. Refrain from using negatives or double negatives. 7. Use all of the above
and none of the above only when they will contribute more than another plausible distractor.
8. Do not use items directly from the textbook.
18. 18. End of my report :) <3