Algebra

The word algebra is derived from the Arabic word al jabr and this comes from treatise written in the
year 830 by Persian mathematician Musa Al Khwarizmi, the Arabic title of the book is kitab Al Mihtasar
fi hisab al gabr wal muqabala

Camera

Ibn al haitham was first physical who provided correct description of basic principles of camera obscure
in 10th century. They were proven by experimenting, he also published a book of between year 1011 –
1021.

Surgery

Around the year 1000 the celebrated Doctor Al Zahrawai published a 1500 page illustrated of surgery
that was used in Europe as a medical reference for the next 500 years. He discovers the use of
dissolving cat gut to stitch wounds.

Soap

Hard soap: hard toilet soap with a pleasant smell was protein the middle East during the Islam Golden
age, when soap making became established industry recipes for soap are described by Muhammad ibn
Zakariya Al razi who gave a recipe for producing glycerine from olive oil.

University

Fatima al fihriya was an Arab Muslim lady who’s credited with founding the oldest existing,
continuously opening and first degree awarding University, the University of Al Qarawiyen Morocco,
fez in 859 C. E

Clock

The first geared clock was invented in the 11 th century by Arab engineer ibn Khala muradi in islamic iber

Coffee

It was made by Suffis in the 11th century, it used to help them to stay awake at night. By the 13 th
century it reached Turkey, but until 16 th century the beans started boiling in Europe, brought by Italy by
a Venetian trader.
 Flying machine

It was invented by Hassani, he designed it roughly resembling a bird costume. Firnas flew it for a,
moment, but ended up falling on the ground breaking his back but it inspire Italian artist and inventor
Leonardo da Vinci’s hundreds of years.

Toothbrush

According to Hassani, prophet Muhammad popularized the use of first toothbrush in around 600 which
comes from miswak tree. He cleaned his breath, substances similar to miswak are used in modern
toothpaste.