Types of Chemical Bonds Lab

03/05/19
Makayla Robertson
Avery Timko
I ​Purpose

The reason for doing this lab was to show how different elements,
such as ionic and covalent bonds, have different melting points and to
show that some don’t dissolve in water.

II ​Procedure

1. Get two clean, dry test tubes.

2. Add a small scoop of the first unknown element in both of the test
tubes.
3. Record the appearance in the correct element number spot.
4. Get a bunsen burner and set it up to test the melting point.
5. Get the test tube holder and use it to hold the test tube in the flame.
6. Observe any signs of melting.
7. Take the test tube out of the flame when the first signs of melting
occurs. If there are no signs after 1 minute remove the tube and label
‘N’ or did not melt.
8. With the second test tube add about 5 mL of water and stir with the
microspatula
9. Observe and record the solubility of the element.
10. Do steps 1-9 for the next 4 unknown elements.

III ​Materials

● Tap Water
● Five Unknown Solids
IV ​Equipment

● Test tube
● Test tube rack
● Test tube holder
● Bunsen burner + Gas delivery tubing
● 10 mL graduated cylinders
● Stop watches/phone timer
● Microspatula
● Scoopula

V ​Data

​Appearance ​ elting Time​

M ​ olubility
S
1. White 14.50 sec Partially

2. White N None

3. White 11.12 sec Dissolved

4. White 9.43 sec Dissolved

5. White N None

VI ​Calculations

There are no calculations for this lab.

VII ​Questions

1. Which of the unknown solids is ionically bonded?

2 and 5
2. Which of the unknown solids is covalently bonded?
1, 3, and 4
3. Why is lattice energy shown with negative values?
It is energy released.
4. What is the relationship between lattice energy and ionic bond
strength?
Higher lattice energy, higher bond strength.
5. Explain the relationship between the number of covalent bonds, bond
lengths, and bond energy?
If the number of bonds increase, the bond length gets shorter,
and the bond energy increases.

VIII ​Conclusions

Ionically bonded substances take longer to melt and do not dissolve.

Covalently bonded substances will melt quickly and will dissolve.