Essential Question

How are footprints used in forensic chemistry?

 Traces left by a criminal in the form of foot impression, tool impression and tire
impression in cases theft, robbery, etc. will be studied in this chapter. Can be used as a
method of forensic science, more often the prints at a crime scene do not come from a
bare foot. Forensic scientists can also make other determinations about a suspect based
on their shoe print. The size of the shoe allows them to estimate the height of the
person in question.
Do this!
Direction: Compare and contrast the two sets of pictures below.
Comparison:
 Both the images are on the same type of sand.
 Picture A and picture B, are both foot prints.
Contrast:
 Picture A is a barefoot trace while, picture B is a shoe track.

Analyze this!
Direction: Answer the following.
1. How do the two sets of pictures differ? (5 points)
 They differ from a particular tool that made the impression on the soil.
2. What type of scientific evidence is shown in the pictures? Why do you say so? (5 points)
 Circumstantial Evidence, because Soil varies rapidly with depth. The admixture of soil
from below the surface with surface soil is taking place constantly in excavating for
pipes, paving and in agricultural operations. Surface variations may arise, therefore due
to admixture with surface soil of the same region. Addition for fertilizer and soil
conditioning material and human, animal, and plant waste would cause further
variations of a local nature. In view of this variation in compositions soil can only be
used as circumstantial evidence in crimes of violence.
3. How does your answer number 2 help solve crimes? (5 points)
 Soil upon which they stand may have a different composition from the soil a few yards
away. Researches have shown that soil are greatly diversified and vary considerably over
the surface of the earth not only from widely separated points but also from points
quite close together. This is expected because soil represents not only original earthly
constituents derived from the parent rock of the -natural forces and the activities of
living organism over millennia.

Apply this!
Write this on a one whole sheet of paper.
Write a hypothetical crime scene that involves
investigation about the picture at the right side.
(Hint: Use the principles that you have learnt from
the lessons/ modules previously given as applicable).
Use STAR approach in narrating the crime scene. S=
situation (set the scene) T= task (describe the
purpose) A= action (explain what you did) R= result
(share the outcome) (30 points)

 During the date of November 16, 2020 at Sitio Kalipay, Cogon, Ormoc City, Ms.
Valenzona left for work in the morning and returned in the evening at 7pm, only to find
out just when she was about to enter her house, she saw that her door was broken, as if
someone forcefully entered the house. Afterwards, she called the Ormoc City Police
station. Informing them that some of her valuable items in the house got stollen. The
police officer immediately responded to the call. When they arrived at the crime scene,
they noticed that the door was broken showing a force entry. They conducted further
investigation looking for clues or footprints and fingerprints that may be present at the
scene. After a thorough investigation they found a shoe print and a fingerprint on the
door way and on the knob of the door, they searched in a wide area to look for the
matching shoeprint and fingerprint. After few days, they found the two perpetrator who
entered the house.
Read pa more!
Direction. Answer the question below. (10 points)
What type of evidence is tool marks?
 Tool marks are Impression evidence. left by the contact of a tool (or a similar object)
onto a surface. For example, when a burglar uses a pry bar to force entry into a house,
the marks left by the tool on the door frame are direct evidence of the presence of that
tool for that particular use at the crime scene.
Essential Question
How can you tell if old coins are fake?
 Through metallurgy
Do this!
Direction: Write at least 3 observations and 1 inference for the picture below.
Observations:
1. Vehicular accident
2. Multiple injuries and casualties.
3. Emergency respondents.
Inference:
Negligence resulting to multiple injuries and casualties.
Analyze this!
Direction: Answer the following based on the picture above
1. What does it show? (5 points)
 The picture shows that there has been a vehicular accident that happened in the area
that caused multiple injuries and casualties.
2. Name at least 2 cases the driver might be facing in the court? Why do you say so? You can
use circumstantial evidences. (10 points).
 It depends on the situation whether the driver of the car is dead or alive. If the driver is
alive then he or she will be charged with reckless imprudence resulting in homicide or
negligence resulting to homicide.
Apply this!
Direction: Answer the question below.
How does serial number help solve crimes? Cite at least one crime to depict its importance. (10
points)
 Serial numbers identify otherwise identical individual units with many, obvious uses.
Serial numbers are a deterrent against theft and counterfeit products, as they can be
recorded, and stolen or otherwise irregular goods can be identified. Some items with
serial numbers are automobiles, electronics, and appliances. Banknotes and other
transferable documents of value bear serial numbers to assist in preventing
counterfeiting and tracing stolen ones.
Read pa more!
Write a synopsis of Republic Act No. 10883. (15 points)
Republic Act No. 10883, or otherwise known as the New Anti-Carnapping Act of 2016 (RA
10883) is a law which punishes carnapping in the Philippines.
For purposes of knowing what carnapping is, one must be able to know what motor vehicle is,
in the first place. As defined under this law, motor vehicle refers to any vehicle
propelled by any power other than muscular power using the public highways.
Note that the following are not embraced in the definition of a motor vehicle under the law and
thus cannot be the subject of carnapping, to wit:
1. Road rollers, trolley cars, street sweepers, sprinklers, lawn mowers, bulldozers, graders,
forklifts, amphibian trucks, and cranes if not used on public highways;
2. Vehicles which run only on rails or tracks; and
3. Tractors, trailers and traction engines of all kinds used exclusively for agricultural purposes
RA 10883 punishes the crime of carnapping which refers to the taking, with intent to gain, of a
motor vehicle belonging to another without the latter’s consent, or by means of violence
against or intimidation of persons, or by using force upon things.
The Supreme Court has ruled in the case of People of the Philippines vs. Garcia and Bernabe,
G.R. No. 138470, 1 April 2003, that it does not matter if the person from whom the motor
vehicle was taken is not the owner thereof. What is simply required is that the property taken
does not belong to the offender.
Essential Question
Why is soil as important as physical evidence?
 The variation in soils from place to place makes soil valuable evidence to prove linkage
between a suspect and a crime scene. Soil is a complex mixture with a variety of
mineralogical, chemical, biological, and physical properties. The systematic observation
of multiple soil colors is especially useful for screening.
Do this!
Direction: Write at least 3 observations and 1 inference for the picture below.
Observations:
1. Collection of soil for investigation and a possible evidence.
2. A shoe that is possibly collected from the crime scene.
3. The soil from the shoe is drawn to the petri dish for examination.
Inference:
A shoe was collected by the investigators from the crime scene and to be examine
in the laboratory for further investigation.
Analyze this!
Direction: Answer the following based on the picture above.
1. What does it show? (5 points)
 It shows that a shoe was collected from the crime scene or might be used as an
evidence which was brought to the laboratory for further investigation.
2. Name at least one possible crime scene shown in the picture above. Why do you say so? You
can use circumstantial evidences. (10 points)
 Murder, in a crime scene a shoeprint was found and the officers conducted a wide range
of investigation, after the said investigation they found an exact shoeprints that was
found in the crime scene.
Read pa more!
How is soil collected at a crime scene? (10 points)
1. Soil usually in form of mud is usually recovered from shoes, slippers, clothes tires, tools and
furniture.
2. If found on the above the soil should remain in place and the whole submitted to the
laboratory.
3. Should be wrapped in a clean paper or filter paper and placed in a box.
4. Known soil samples should be taken at different places around the point or reference.

Assessment
Direction: Answer the following briefly.
1. Differentiate by example the two general classes of tool impressions.? (10 points)
 Impression is a strong mark produced by pressure that goes below the
surface. A stamp, form or figure resulting from physical contact. It causes
damage to object. While imprint is weak mark made by pressure that stays
on the surface.
2. How does serial number help identify the owner of the object? (5 points)
 Serial numbers are unique identifying codes. They can be strictly numerical, or contain
letters and symbols as well – the key is that they’re a one-off code matched to a single
product or component. Typically, serial numbers are created sequentially, and have
segments recording different types of information, such as where a product was
created, the date of manufacture, and any other data deemed useful within the
 product’s lifecycle, from assembly and distribution, right through to repair and
replacement.
3. Briefly explain by example the four classification of dust for crime investigation. (10
points)
1. Dust deposited from the air - extremely fine dust particles present in the air everywhere.
More abundant in thickly
populated and industrial regions. Settle very slowly and ultimately deposited on any exposed
surface. Its value in crime
detection is insignificant.
2. Road and footpath dust — produced by the wear and tear of the road surface vehicular and
pedestrian traffic
together with particles of soil carried by the wind or rain from adjoining regions.
3. Industrial dust — industries like cement, button, powdered gypsum and plaster of Paris
factories, flour milling paint
pigments, involves industrial processes impart a pronounce local character to the dust- on the
neighboring roads and
buildings.
4. Occupational dust — some of the finely powdered material may be found on the clothing and
footwear of
employees engaged in such industries. Aside from this for example, bricklayer will yield brick
dust, sand and lime on
his clothes. Coal miner will have coal dust on his clothes.