Let us Practice ed Exercise | Match the disease with their pathogen. Tal imi goto ye Plasnepara tala 1 B. Dampingoff disease |2. Piygphhore ions C. Late bight of potato |3. Ayhium debaryanam D. Doway mildew of |4. Clap purpurea apes I Codes ABCD @3241 4132 4321 2314 Many of the world’s fisheries are severely lepleted. The goal of sustainable harvesting ina ishery sto harvest only a constant proportion of the total population, for instance 30%. ‘afortunately, the harvest size has often gone up vr sayed constant even as the total population ine has crashed, {= Harvest size (number of fish caugh’) N =Total population size (aurnber of fish) 1e harvest effort (he number of days spent ishing times the number of boats fishing; 19 other words, the units of E. are boat-days) 6 =-Effciency (the proportion of N caught per oat per day) Which management approach fs most sustainable and will not cause the population to crash in the long.run? a) As NV decreases, increase-G by using either sonar to find the fish more easily, nots with ‘smaller mesh sizes, or other advances in technology 1) AsN decreases, increase E by allowing more boats to fish or more days of fishing, (ASN decreases, increase Hi (G) As N decreases, set a level for H and keep it fixed at chat level (@) ASN decreases either E or G can change, but their product must remain constant ‘3, Match list wit list and elect the correct answer using the codes given below the lists Bi Mai zadivachta 12. Pesce C. Corrinne Di, Hei brasieit Codes A @d ® 3 @3 @ 3 4 fina test-tube mRNA of Rhiepbium, &RNAs from ‘pancreas of goat and *RNA from sunflower are fallensand sufficient number of amino acids and ATP ase put, then the polypeptide synthesizes will be of the nature of (@“ NSE) (@) body cells of goat + (b) Rhizabium (Both (a) and) {(@) sunflower 5, Foetal sex canbe amniocentesis This et looks for {a} sex chromosomes ia metaphase (b) Barr bodies| (©) kinetochore (@) chiasmata 6, NaClis harmful to most crop plants. A scientist at the University of Toronto genetically modified plant so that could be grown in dry pacts ofthe ‘world where the available water has a high level ‘of NaCl, This genetically modified plant copes ‘with the high levels of NaCI'by transporting salt ei wwesd determined by (@°NSEB)Biology in Human Welfare into its vacuoles where it accumulates to ‘abnormally high levels. Which feature would be ‘observed in the genetieally modified plant when compared to « nonmodified plant? (@) The leaves in the modified plant are more yellow in colour (©) The modified plant has sat crystals on the surface ofits leaves (©) The cytosol the material between the plasma ‘membrane and the vacuole membrane, excluding the organelles) in the modified plant has «lower osmotic pressure (4) The cytosol in the modified plant has a higher osmotic pressure (6) The osmotic presrare is the same in both plants 1. Natural bres such as cotton snd wool are widely used in clothing. Cotton is primarily composed of, ‘and wool is primarily composed of {a} protein; protein (b) protein; eabohydrate {¢) protein; waxes {€) carbohydrate; protein (6) carbohydrate; waxes, 44. When certain bacteria are tested with an effective antibiosc, some cells do not die. What isthe best explanation for this occurence? (@) The antibiotic causes mutations for resistance (0) Genes conferring resistance are aleady present in the population (©) The antbiote prevents mutations for resistance from arising (@ The antic reduces competition from ober bacteria, increasing chances for survival (©) The antibiotic kill ofthe resident bacteria, ss wel as resistant strains that may colonize A. myconhiza is a mutualistic asociation between a fangus and a plants roots, Which statement best characterizes this astoialion? (0) The angus provides nothing tothe plant; the plant provides fod tothe angus (b) The fungus seretes toxins to il the platy the plant provides minerals wo She Fangs (©) The fungusprovides minerals tothe plant the plan secretes toxins to il the fangs {€) The fungus provider minerals tothe plant; he plat provides food to the fungus (6) The anges provides minerals othe plant; the plant provides nothing othe fungus 10. 2 2B. ‘The excessive use of antbiotis is a concern to the medical community. The concer is that antibiotics will no longer be as effective in tmeating disease beeause (@) humans are evolving a resistance to. some antibiotics (b) viruses are not killed by antibiotics () some bacteria aro evolving resistance to ‘antibiotics (@) antibiotics are very expensive (©) antibiotics canse mutations Along with nicotine, cigarette smokers receive tars, phenols, hydrocarbons, arsenic, and many other chemicals. Allo the following ae effects of inhaling tobacco except (a) narrowing or hardening of blood vessels in the Heart and brain 1) some neers, due to an increased aciity in {e) a higher frequency of respiratory infections (eg, colds, pneumonia} (4) ahigher rick of cancer, including cancer of the lungs, mouth, larynx, bladder and kidneys (c) simulation of the central nervous system, including increased alertness Which ofthe following is true ofall cancer call? The rapid growth and division of cancer cells is caused by (@] bacterial infection (b) breakdown of normal gene regulation (viruses (@) changes receptors (€) toxie chemicals Which statement about animal stem cells is false? tn the intracellular hormone (@) Stem cells are relatively undifferentiated cells that can divide to produce more diferentiated tise cells, - (b) Stem cells can be found in tissues that need frequent cell replacement, such as skin, the {nner lining of the intestine, and the blood system (©) Dividing stom cells ean produce cells that differentiate to replace cells lost injury and age, ¢g, stem cells in bone marrow produce red and white blood cells, (€) Scientists are able to grow ster cells in the Iaboratory (e) Recent studies have shows that stem cells from one kind of tise censiot be made to differentiate into cells of nother tistue1H Prions which have been reported to cause mad, cows divease,Alchehne' disease te, are (a) a class of bacteria. {b) Sangh : {e) proteins (@) yetunidentied vires 45, In eye donation, which one ofthe following parts (of donor's eye i utilized? (@) Iris (0) Lens (¢) Comea (4) Retina 16, The goal of the polymerase chain reaction is to (6) speed up protein synthesis for the production ofnew drugs (bj create many copies of «DNA sequence ‘whichis nilly very rare, (6 create may copies of ‘messenger RNA molecules (@) investigate the properties of enginisons which normally grow at very high tinperatures (6) erate DNA probes 17 A hospital technician, while doing some routine culturing of microorganisms ing lb, noticed a bacterial colony growing'on a culture medium containing three different entbioses. He identified the bacterium as one ha didnot cause ‘2 human disease, but. he sill reported his ‘observation to the hospital administration ‘Which statement is correct? He was wortied: because (0) he had no way of killing this bacterium now that it was resistant to antibiotics (b) resistance to antibiotics could be transforred to disease-causing bacteria by transcuction or conjugation (© the bacterium might fed om the antbioses ‘and, therefore, be able to'grow in people taking these antibodies + (@) there should be no bacteria inside hospital (6) people accidentally ingested the bacteria with ther food, they would become resistant to the antibiotic a 18, Chemotherapy is (@) buying chemicals in shop.» {b) se of chemicals for hiling a pst {6) weatment ofa disease using chemicals {@) study of chemistry of cell st 19. Match the names of biologists given under column'T with their contibutisis listed under column I Choose the answer which gives the Indian National Blology Olympiad correct combination of alphabets of the to columns, Colana (Contrbuson) Discovery of the ft antibiotic rm prot — |o, Development af Khorane smmuntzstion technique ©. Prof, 13. Pulmtion theory of accont of Maheshwast | sap D. Louis Prtear |4, Antica synthesis of gene 5. Pant embryology > BOD 5 4 3 4 (3 4 @s412 20, In some autoimmune disesses, capillaries may ‘become damaged resulting in and high levels of albumin proteins and blood cells appearing in the urine. Which region ofthe nephron contains capillaries tha, when damaged, could cause this appearence in urine? (a) Renal glomerukus (b) Proximal convoiated tubule (c). Nephron loop (@) Distal tubule 21, Some plants ‘contain nitrogen fixing bacteria -Rhiabium in thes root nodules. This relationship jskaownas {a} an ameasalism (one participant harms the other) (b) acommensalism (one participant benefits but has no effet on the other) (c) a matualism (both participants benefit) (@ interspecific (between species) competition {6) competitive exclusion (competion between species for a limiting resource ia which one species completely eliminates the other) 22. A man and a woman each camry the allele for phenylketonuria, an inborn error of metabolism. Hf the couple hat a normal child, without phenylketonuria, what is the probability this Child isa carer of the dsease? (a) 033 {&) 050 (9 087 (@) 1.00Biclogy in Human Welfare 23, Which of the following chemicals is the best candidate for a new selective herbicide (woedicide)? {a} One which inhibits a key enzyme in animals Dbut which inhibits no enaymes i plants (©) One which does not inhibit any enzymes in animals but which inhibits an essential ‘enzyme in some plants {) One which does not inhibit a key enzyme in animals but which inhibits a nowessential enzyme in plants {@) One ‘which inhibits an enzyme found in ‘animals and bacteria 24, Quebec premier Lucien Bouchard had his leg amputated because of an infection lnown the “esh-eating disease.” This disease seems to have become a problem in Canada because of, (a) recent contact between humaas and rodents (b) travel between Africa and Canada (6) the transmission of a virus from chickens to humans {@) the evolution of antibiotic resistance (e) contaminated hamburgers at fastfood chains 25, Chloe & stable plant for an astronaut in space tavel because (0) it provides oxygen to the ‘astronaut and carbon dioxide released is utlied fort food manufacture (&)itsupplies abundant food tothe astronaut (6) iva single celled autotropic plant {@) ts growth is quite rapid daring space fight 26. DNA fingerprinting has become a fariiar forensic tool and has been cod in recent criminal tile, Tt i possible to do DNA ‘ngerprntng with even a very minute sample of DNA because (@) DNA contains only four diferent types of ritrogenous bases {b) there are large quanties of DNA in each cell ofthe body [6 DNA determines « very specific polypeptide chain (a) one can use the polymerase chain reaction 2% Which of the following is a correct pair of bacterial disease and its causal agent? T Gieus canker anthomonae at 1 Tundu of wheat = Corubtri titi LL Blight of ice ~ Xanthomonas oryzae IV, Angular leaf pot ofeoton— Xmas V. Anthrax of cate Bac enhrets “VE Whooping cough Borda petasis, (a) I, V and VI are correct, (@) V and VI are comect (el [land V are correct (@) All are comect 28, A scientist grew some plant cells in a liquid calture medium in the light. When he looked at the cular, it appeared green. He then added some, suga to the medium and tomed off the Tight! After a few days, the culture appeared white, but when he examined «few drops ofthe culture yaer the light microscope using the 10x abjective, he counted twice as many cells per ‘milifitre than had been present before he torned the light". Which isthe best explanation of these regal? (@) The plant calls ded, and the cells seen under the microscope were bacteria that had used {hi sugar for food (8) Because plant cells contain mitochonedia, they sed the energy from respiration (0 continue growing inthe dark {6) Inthe absence of ight, chloroplast tur into mitochondria and can use sugar for respiration (@) ta the, dark, energy can be produced by ‘hlocoplate a along as they have a source of sxgie In the ight, photosynthesis rests in proteins being stored in the chloroplasts, and this protein can be broken down in the dark to releane energy fr cell growth 29, Down's syndrome is caused by (@) gene mutation (b) change in the nuraber of chromosomes (© change in structure of chromosome (@) change ia sequence of genes on chromosome 30, Microinjection of desired genes into fertilized cage ress in (@) cloned animals (0) fre tins (6) transgenic animals (@) recombinant mainmoalsa. a at Allergy condition caused by"pillén grains of certain flowers causing inflammation of the nose irealled (@) bronchitis ©) sin (©) pharyngids (a) laxjight esas produ ough seg eons {a they ‘contain antigen only jim coat of pathogen (b) they are least active form of virus, (0) they are atenuated form of,gatyogen (Gavotte shove em Syphilis is caused by (0) Exerihn cl (2) Rhiobiuee (©) Feponema pallidum (@) Glin “Te techique ud forthe dentifeation of active genes ina cll i ealled {@) southem blotting, which riai¥¥ out the DNA {b) northern botng, which malls out the RNA (@) RFLP, which marks out repeated DNA sequences : (@ DNA cloning, which’ mais out amplied DNA segments rqpbos Gop ‘Centre of Origin * A Cates B. Pineapple 36, BCD @4i23 . Os ei2 " @3.42 . @si2¢4 , Elderly people are advised to get influenza (fs) ‘vaccinations every year. Each, years diferent type ofa vaccine has tobe made. This isbecasse (e} diferent viruses attack peopleof diferent ages, so each year asthe popitaion ages, a ‘new vaccine mutt be produced (b) anibodies to the fa vaceindld not survive very longin the blood an 38, 29, 40, Indian National Biology Olympiad (©) vaccines are unstable and cannot be stored for ‘more than one year (te body Teun to destoy the antibodies nade against the vaccine, So a new type of vaccine is needed for each vaccination {6) fuviruses change their genetie constituents 0 rapidly that vaccines against them rapidly become obsolate “heres no sak of rjeeion during comeal grata thereby climinaing the need of tssue-yping or for immuno suppressant drugs. Tiss due to (@ constant Ierymalization of cornea naturally redices in-built immunological response (©) avascularzaton ofthe comea (© the molecular and cellular structure of cornea ‘sves i an inbuilt immuno suppressant capacity (@) AMlof the bove One day, you wake up with a sore throat and = runny nose, Your doctor takes a swab from your throat, sends i to a lb, and telephones you the nextday to say that an antibiotic willnet help you sgetbetter. Which ofthe fllowing isthe most key seaton for the doctor's statement? (6) Having waited a day, ito late too take an biotic (b) You nocd an antiseptic, not an antibiotic {) You need to be vaccinated instead of taking an antibiotic (@) You re infected by a virus (6) An antibiotic only eliminates the symptoms of infetion and does not cue the infection ial “The technique of trisferring DNA fragment separated on agarose gel to a synthetic rembrane such as atzcellulose,# known at (@) Norther blosing (b) Souther blotting (6) Westra biting (6) Dot boting ‘The problem of erythrablatoss foctalis will occur if (0) both father and mother are Rh” (0) both father and mother are Rh” {0 father is Rh" and mother is Rh (@) mother is Rand father is RhBiology in Human Welfare 41, Which of the following {a fale with regard to stom calls? (9) Stem cells are generic ell which become the various dsstes and ongane that make up a fuman {t) Stem cells are sometimes called the body's raster cells and are found in embryos (©) A total of 200 odd specialized stem cells provide all the diferent parts ofthe human body (@) None ofthe above 42. The function of nitrogen fixation in Anabaena (cyanobacterium) is performed by (I NSEB) (0) thylakoid {b) heteroeyet (©) phycocyanin ——_(@) phycoerythrin 48. Monoclonal antibodies are important medical tools today due to one of their following properties ("NSEB) (a) Amazing specificity of matching antigens (b) igh sensitivity for detection {6} Diverse specificity for several antigens (@ Al of ie above 44. Vegetative propagation duvuyl cell or dssue culluréts known ae (@) macropropagation (b) cloning (©) micropropagation (@) asexual propagation 45, Furmtis need to apply less nitrogenous fertilizers to fields iTone ofthese plants are present (@) Rhodophyceas {e) Azolla sp. () Spiragra (4) Weede Exercise II «. 1L Gene therapy for deleterious mutations in blood cells a becoming posible by introducing normal genes ino blood eel precursors inthe Iaboratry ‘nd resinjecting these cells into the patent. Which ‘ofthe following would not be associated wit this kind of gene therapy research? (@) Attempting to place the normal gene in a vector which will help the gene fotegrate into «chromosome (8) Ualizing virus vectors which have some of their own genes removed (© Usiising a suitably modified HIV. virus (@) Preventing transmission of the mutation to the next generation (e) Finding gene transfer methods for treating ‘other genetic disorders sucha cystic fibrosis 2. Which one ofthe folowing tatement regarding ene mapping is tue? 'a) Most genes inthe human genome have been mapped D)Distaace on a physical map is usualy expressed in entiMorgans (cM) 16] Gene-mapping can be wed to show genes hetorogenity within a disease i) Shorttendem repest polymorphisms (STRPS} ae useful markers fr mapping because they ae not polymorphic ‘3. Inthis diagram of HIV, what s the function ofthe structure indicated by the arrow? (a) Protects the bacterial cell (6) Cares he genetic information (0) Protect the mle ac (@) Binds to host cel 4. One aspect of gonctic engineering involves the modification of proteins to improve their function. Which statement woul not bea logical {goal for researchers inthis field? (@) Increase the hydrophobicity of a protein so that it will funetion inthe aqueous environment ofthe eels eytoplasm (8) Iimprove the binding ofa specie substrate to an enzyme (c] Modification of an enzyme active site to increase the rate of catalysis (a) Inorease the stability of a protein so that it ‘may fimetion at a higher temperature (6) Change the amino acd content of the protein, to improve its value as a more nutritious food fo annals or humans§. SQUID (Superconducting. Quantura Interference Deviee) i helpful in the study of (@) electrical potental of diferent part of bain (0) electrical pocentil of ciferent part of heat (6) weate magnetic felde in difeyent parts of brain (A weak magnetic folds in difprent parts of heart ‘8 Suppose & produet is developed: to cure cystic fibrosis. Many people want this produced {mmediately. Who do you propose the science ‘community wil tst this pfoduet om frst? (0) An eight year old child with severe cystic fibrous os (b) A mildly effected 28 years ofd mother with a two years old child (c) A28 years old man, wth evgred scared lungs ‘and plugged digestive tubes (@) Annewly diegnased baby with mild symptoms % Microorganisms commonly causing diarrhoeal dlscasee ace (c) Bxchrichia co, Shigella species, Caripylohater and Bacilspertusis (0) Gis tari, Giardia, Entamoeba histolytica, Salmonella, Sigel ane Escherichia cali (©) Escherichia coli, Gtardia, Shigella, Campylobacter tnd Salmonella (6) Neiseria, “Tinponcma, Escherichia, Giardia, Shigella, Campylobacter aod Salmonella % Which statement about ‘genetically modified (GM) foods is false? (@) Scientists have used genetic modification, in various forms, as a means of improving crop yields, crop qualty,and pest resistance for ‘many years (b) Genetic modification includes products mace by artificial mutagenesis end by non-natural crosses between unrelated epecies © A major difficulty ia labeling foods as ‘GMtee is that it is vacually impossible to ‘measure genetically modified DNA. or protein molecules in most food made from, GM crops (4) The recent decision by McCain Foods o stop processing GM potatoes means that they will ‘eventually use less pesticides to produce the potatoes that are required to make fies (0A anaor environmental concern wath GM crops is that engineered genes wil exape Inu the environment, reslng inthe origin Ot mperweed ggesiveundersabe plat species 0. Mu Indian National Biology Olympiad Eiforis to repeat the cloning of Dolly (the sheep) hhave been unsuccessful The scientist wih claim to have cloned Dolly have been challenged to produce additonal evidence that Dolly i realy Gerved from an adult cell (as orginally claimed), rather than a foctal cell which might have contaminated the experiment (as the sceptics sugges). Which ofthe following could provide fvidence that Dolly was created from a adult, cell rater than a fetal cll? (0) Dolly's DNA fingerprints (b) The heterozygosity of random pieces of Dolly's DNA (0) The melting point of Dol’s DNA. {G) The length of Dolly's telomeres {@) Dolly’ bilogieat cock ‘You are moving to Affies and you have heard that the green fever virus esease fe common there. Before you leave, you visit your doctor for advice. Which of the following is your doctor Tost likely to recommend? You shoal 6G take a large supply of anibitis with you (b) wash your food in a antiseptic before you eatit (get vaccinated against the disease (G) not wony as viruses only cause diseases in plants (©) getregular blood tots which wills height rmitroscope to look for veus particles In Canada, recent outbreaks of meningitis, caused by a virus, were controlled by immunization with a vaccine. Unfortunately, AIDS caused by the HIV virus as not yet bees controlled by a vaccine because ofthe (a) cost of development and production of (0) availability of efecive anbiotics (6) high degree of variability in the HIV virus (2) complex structure of the HIV vicus {c) lnk of antigenic proteins on the HIV vis Which statement is comet? (@) Appendicitis ean lead to the condition known 2s peritonitis, in which part ofthe liver ate destroyed {b) Heactbum is eausd by the acidic contents of {he siomach eseapinginto the thoracic cavity (Q Hepatitis is a condition where there are innffcent bile salts to dissolve cholesterol; the cholesterol then forms lage crystals