COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Lahore Campus
Department of Chemistry
Mid-Term – Fall 2020
Course Title: Environmental Analysis Course Code: CHM-626 Credit Hours: 3
Course Dr. Bilal Ahmad Zafar Amin Program Name: MS (Chemistry)
Semester: 2nd Batch: SP20-R06-A Section: Date: 15-12-2020
Time Allowed: 30 Minutes Maximum Marks: 5
Student’s Name: ZARMINA ALI Reg. No. SP20-R06-015
Important Instructions:
 Attempt all questions. Each question carry 2.5 marks.
 Questions can be answered by typing/adding hand written images.

Question # 1

Explain “Chapman reaction” along with role of the important catalysts for stratospheric O3 destruction?

This reaction explains the mechanism for formation and depletion of ozone molecule , according to this
reaction,
Chapman reaction:

FORMATION OF OZONE:

O2 + hv O+O

Ozone can reformed As, while resulting in no net loss of ozone:

O3 + hv O2 + O
O+O2 O3

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 DESTRUCTION OF OZONE:
O + O3 O2 + O2
ROLE OF IMP CATALYSTS:
OHx CYCLE, HALOGEN CYCLE AND NOx CYCLE : MP CATALYSTS FOR
STRATOSPHERE
• Hydroxy radical (OH)
.
OH + O3 = HO2. + O2
HO2. + O = .OH + O2
Net: O + O3 = 2 O2
• Chlorine and bromine (Cl and Br)
Cl. + O3 = ClO. + O2
ClO. + O = Cl. + O2
Net: O + O3 = 2 O2
• Nitric oxide (NO)
NO + O3 = NO2 + O2
NO2 + O = NO + O2
Net: O + O3 = 2 O2

Question # 2

Define following terminologies?

1) Necrosis
It is a disease in plants which occurred due to the presense of ozone in plants.
Symptoms:
These include appearance of brown spots on the surface of leaves . These spots occur due to death of
plant cells or tissues.

2) Chlorosis
Basically plants leaves get paled due to this disease, due to nitrogen deficiency in plants.
Symptoms:
Appearance of yellow spots on leaves. It occurs due to the lack of chlorophyll in plants.
3) Dobson unit

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Unit for measuring the amount or concentration of ozone. This name was after the name of
scientist who conducted experiments in stratosphere . his name was G.M.B. Dobson.

16 3.
And, 1 DU= 2.69x10 ozone molecules per cm

4) Ozone depletion
When sum of ozone results in lower quantity of ozone then 200 DU. It means depletion occurs.
It is due to halogens, CFCs and NOx.
5) Total column ozone
It is the total amount of ozone present from the surface to the top of the atmosphere.

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