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CHAPTER I.

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

A. Introduction

Due to its tropical weather, Philippine is known for its tropical fruits like Rambutan,

Lansones, Papaya, Mango, Tar fruit(caimito) and many more. fruits of minor importance

but very well known. Over a considerable period, these fruits have acquired immense

popularity as a seasonally available fruit in many countries of tropical Asia, and it is

widely grown in both home gardens and commercial orchards. It has been cultivated in

Thailand and Malaysia.

With the abundance of fruit even birds and bats prefer to eat, however, by developing

a microcontroller-based bat repellent system using PIR (passive infrared sensor) sensor

that can move these birds and bats away that has the intention of destroying these fruits.

In many of today's industries, the need for an active bird deterrent is significant.

There have been many attempts in the past to build a successful system with few being

able to achieve satisfactory performance. This project aimed at developing and designing

a deterrent system that creates minimal disturbance while being effective in bird and bat

deterrence. An initial investigation and analysis of the existing types of bird and bat

deterrent systems were undertaken and chosen for the designed system from this method

of deterrence. The electrical, digital and computer parts of the conceptual design have

been completed system will have designed in detail and partially constructed to discover

the effectiveness of the system. [2]

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The main objective of this study is to develop a microcontroller-based Bat deterrent

system in Papaya Plantation using PIR (passive infrared sensor). This study would help

farmers to expand the fruits farm in Country and easy to set up for those farmers who

have these fruits.

B. Background of the Study

Many Filipinos enjoy tropical fruits like lansones, rambutan, tar fruit and many other

because of its colors and flavors so many Filipinos are attracted to it. But how to keep the

fruits against the bats that eat it every night. Many Farmers use the net to cover their

entire tree so that it cannot be entered or be eaten by bats or any other bird species that

will eventually break the fruit, to this day it continues the tradition of farmers in their

trees but the net they put in the tree is usually destroyed because it is bitten by bats to

break the barrier and enter and eat the fruits this is also why the bats are dying because it

is caught in the net placed on the tree.

It is cruel and deadly when using the thin nylon netting sold by most hardware

stores. and is responsible for the deaths of thousands of flying-foxes and other wildlife

annually. Thrown loosely over a tree, it has the potential to cause horrific injuries. The

researchers are advising people who unintentionally catch wildlife in this type of netting,

to seek and demand a safer alternative.[3] By developing a microcontroller-based bat

detection using PIR (passive infrared sensor) it will detect approaching birds and bat in

the tree and thereby drive the bats and birds away from the assigned tree. This will

contribute to the development of the Population of tropical fruit bearing trees in the
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Philippines. It will also help future researchers in the world to evaluate the effect of lights

and acoustic sound in deterring bats.

C. Objectives of the Study

The general objective of the study is to develop a Microcontroller-based Bat deterrent

system for tropical fruit bearing trees using acoustic sound and flashing lights.

In line with this, the project aims to achieve the following specific objectives:

1. Design a Motion Detector System using PIR (passive infrared sensor) to detect

bats within enclosed area that is effective.

2. To test the accuracy of PIR (passive infrared sensor) for detecting animals.

3. To create a suitable sound that can be used as a deterrent for incoming bats.

4. To use light as a deterrent for bats in fruit bearing trees.

5. To test if neither lights or acoustic sound is effective in deterring bats.

D. Significance of the Study

The ProfoBat will be beneficial to the following:

Farmers. It can lessen Farmer’s Work in terms of removing bat and putting

net around trees.

Agriculture. It can centralize bat repellent and accurately protect farmers

harvest.

Fruits. It can help to make a better production by protecting trees from pest

that eat the fruits.

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Environment. This study is significant to the environment because it

proposed and design a device that will drive bats away but will not harm them

physically like the conventional net placement.

Future Researchers. It will give them some data about the use of acoustic

sound and lights in deterring bats.

E. Scope and Delimitation

The focus of this study is that it presents only experimental study/work. No

simulations or Mathematical modelling of the sensors behaviors is conducted. No sensors

fusion is done. The only sensing modality used is PIR (passive infrared sensor) sensors.

All environmental factors are treated as external error sources. No deep study in

analyzing one or more to know it effects on the performance of the sensor is done. Range

is limited for weak reflective targets and this is taken as a limitation, no operation is done

on targets to improve reflections.

Sound frequency will be detected within the coverage area about 3m to 10m.

Conceptual Framework or Theoretical Framework

In order to successfully achieve the desired outcome of this study, certain

procedures, requirements and ideas were carefully discussed to conceptualize the

project’s design and development. After a long deliberation and brainstorming, one

thought was agreed upon in which resulted into one concept.

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Input

 Knowledge
Requirement Process
 Arduino
programing
 Google sketch up
 Hardware  Problem
Output
requirement identification
 Ultrasonic Speaker  Research ProfoBat:
 12v battery requirements
 Microcontroller  Developing An automated bat
 PIR sensor idea deterrent system
 LED lights  Evaluating idea
 Jumper wires  Design Using acoustic sound
 Plywood and other  Construction of and flashing lights.
requirements for prototype
enclosure  Integration
 Software  System test
requirement  evaluation
 Arduino IDE.
 Circuit IO
 Google sketch up
 Microsoft office

Fig. 1 Conceptual framework of the study

Fig. 1 shows the conceptual framework of the study. It covers the three major parts,

namely: input, process and output phases.

Knowledge Requirement, Arduino programing, Google sketch up,

Orchard pest control, Hardware Requirement, Buzzer, Sound Sensor, Aluminum,
Clear Glass, Liquid crystal display, Lithium battery, Microcontroller Software
requirement, Arduino IDE., Circuit IO, and Google sketch up all of these are
included as the input phases for the project design. And the process phase covers
the Problem identification, Research requirements, developing idea, Evaluating
idea, Design, Construction of prototype, Integration, and the System test. The
output phase provides the finished design: An automated bat deterrent system.
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F. Operational Definition of Terms

o Arduino IDE.
Arduino IDE is programming environment that allows the users to draft
different kind of programs and load into the Arduino microcontroller. Here
the program for the project will be put in place
o Arduino programing
Here the program for the project will be put in place.
o Google sketch up
To design the project using this app.
o Lansones-tropical fruit found in tropical places, has white appearance and
almost transparent inside. Food for bats
o Microcontroller
To control the system of the project
o PIR (passive infrared sensor) Sound sensor
This sensor will detect the bird
o Plywood-for enclosure of the device.
o Rambutan- tropical fruit likely found in tropical countries, red in color and
has hair like covers. Food for bats
o Tar fruit(caimito)-tropical fruit that has violet appearance and produce many
tar when eating, food for bats.
o Ultrasonic Speaker
If the PIR (passive infrared sensor) sound sensor detects the bird it will be the
output of the system, it will be buzzer.