Journal of Engineering Sciences
IOT BASED SMART GARBAGE SEGREGATION AND LEVEL
INDICATOR SYSTEM
1
P. VARSHINI,2G. VINAY KUMAR,3A.RASHMITH REDDY,4Dr.Y.CHAKRAPANI
123
Students,4Professor
Department Of Electronics And Communication Engineering
ACE ENGINEERING COLLEGE,Medchal-501301
ABSTRACT
With progress in human technology we have seen a
substantial progress in the amount of waste
generated. Recycling is the only way to manage this
huge amount of waste. But recycling requires
garbage to be segregated. Without segregation
garbage cannot be recycled because different type of
garbage requires different recycling processes.
Also It is important to educate users and instruct
them every time they come near the dustbin about
instructions about throwing the trash. For this
purpose we design a garbage disposal system that
uses multiple dustbins with a voice based system that
speaks to the user each time he she stands before the
dustbin.
The system makes use of a camera to detect presence
if any person in front of the dustbin. If a person is
detected, the system issues voice instructions to the
user about throwing right garbage in the right bin. In
case the dustbin is full it instructs the user to find
another dustbin to throw garbage in.
To develop this system we make use of a raspberry Pi
controller. The controller is interfaced with a camera
and a voice speaker for detection and
communication. The controller gets dustbin level
input using ultrasonic level sensors each having LED
indicators interfaced to it. The level sensors are used
to constantly feed the raspberry pi with bin levels.
The raspberry pi is also interfaced with a Wifi
module to transmit the level data over the internet.
The Level sensor panels are made to be easily
mounted over any dustbin. This allows the system to
be easily screwed over any dustbin for instant
installation.
The data is transmitted over IOT to IOT gecko
platform which displays the bin level data over
internet. This indication can be used to alert the
authorities that the garbage bins need to be emptied.
Thus the system automates garbage segregation and
level monitoring to help counter the garbage crisis
using IOT.
I.INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Smart garbage segregation and dustbin level indicator
are two cutting-edge technologies that have emerged
to address the growing waste management challenges
faced by many urban communities. As cities continue
to grow in population and industrialization, the
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amount of waste produced also increases, leading to a
strain on existing waste management systems. The
traditional method of disposing of all types of waste
in the same bin has proven to be unsustainable and
harmful to the environment.
Smart garbage segregation is a technology that allows
for the automated separation of waste into different
categories such as dry and wet. This technology uses
sensors and cameras to identify and sort the waste,
reducing the need for manual labor and making the
process more efficient and accurate.
Dustbin level indicator technology, on the other hand,
provides a real-time monitoring system for the level
of waste in a dustbin. This helps waste management
authorities to plan and manage the collection process
more effectively, reducing the risk of overflowing
bins and littering in public places.
The combination of these two technologies can
significantly improve waste management systems,
reduce environmental pollution, and promote
sustainable living.
1.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM
FIG 1.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
1.3 DETAILS OF BLOCK DIAGRAM
1.3.1 RAPBERRY PI
Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board
computers developed in the United Kingdom by the
Raspberry Pi Foundation. These compact and
affordable devices have gained immense popularity
in the world of computing and technology due to
their versatility, ease of use, and wide range of
applications. Raspberry Pi boards are equipped with
processors, memory, and other essential components,
allowing them to run various operating systems and
software.
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The Raspberry Pi has been used in a wide range of
applications, from home automation and robotics to
digital signage and media centers. Its compact size
and low power consumption make it an ideal
platform for embedded systems and Internet of
Things (IoT) applications. Additionally, Raspberry
Pi's open-source community provides a wealth of
resources, tutorials, and projects for users of all skill
levels, making it a great tool for learning and
experimentation. Whether you're a hobbyist, a
student, or a professional, Raspberry Pi offers endless
possibilities for innovation and creativity.
Fig 1.2 RASPBERRY PI
1.3.2 IR SENSOR
An IR sensor is a type of electronic sensor that
detects and measures infrared radiation (IR). Infrared
radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation with a
wavelength longer than visible light, but shorter than
radio waves. IR sensors are used in a wide variety of
applications, including remote control systems,
security systems, and temperature sensing. They
work by detecting the presence of IR radiation and
converting it into an electrical signal that can be read
and interpreted by a microcontroller or other type of
control system. Some common types of IR sensors
include photodiodes, thermopiles, and piezoelectric
sensors.
Fig 1.3 IR SENSOR
1.3.3 ELECTRODES
Electrodes used for wet sensing are designed to
detect changes in the electrical properties of a liquid
or solution. These electrodes are commonly used in
applications such as pH sensing, dissolved oxygen
sensing, and conductivity sensing. The electrodes are
typically made from materials such as glass, ceramic,
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or polymers that are coated with a conductive layer,
such as metal or carbon.
When the electrode is immersed in a liquid or
solution, the conductive layer interacts with the ions
in the liquid, generating an electrical signal that is
proportional to the concentration or properties of the
ions. For example, in a pH sensing electrode, the
conductive layer interacts with hydrogen ions in the
solution, generating an electrical signal that is
proportional to the acidity of the solution. Wet
sensing electrodes are widely used in various
industries, including healthcare, environmental
monitoring, and food and beverage production, to
measure and monitor the properties of liquids and
solutions.
Fig 1.4 ELECTRODES
1.3.4 SERVOMOTOR
A servomotor is a type of rotary actuator that is used
for precise control of angular position, velocity, and
acceleration. It consists of a motor, a position sensing
device and a control circuit. The control circuit
compares the actual position of the shaft with the
target position, and drives the motor in the
appropriate direction to move the shaft to the target
position. Servomotors are commonly used in a wide
range of applications, including robotics, aerospace,
and precision instrumentation. They are highly
reliable and efficient, and can be easily programmed
to perform a wide range of motion control tasks.
Fig 1.5 SERVOMOTOR
1.3.5 LED
An LED (Light Emitting Diode) is a small, solid-state
device that emits light when an electric current passes
through it. LEDs are widely used in a variety of
applications, including electronics, lighting, and
display technology. They are highly efficient, long
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lasting, and durable, and are available in a wide range

of colors and sizes.

Fig 1.6 LED

II. FLOW CHART: Fig 3.3: WITH POWER SUPPLY

Fig 3.4 OUTPUT WHEN TWO BINS ARE EMPTY

III.RESULT
3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF PROJECT:

Fig 3.5 OUTPUT WHEN DUSTBIN 1 IS FULL

Fig: 3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.2 RESULT:

Fig 3.6 OUTPUT WHEN DUSTBIN 2 IS FULL

Fig 3.2: WITHOUT POWER SUPPLY
3.3 ADVANTAGES
Efficient Waste Collection: The project enables waste
collection personnel to optimize their routes based on
real-time data of garbage levels in individual bins.
This eliminates the need for regular, fixed-time
collection schedules and ensures that waste is
collected only when necessary. This leads to
significant cost savings by reducing fuel
consumption, vehicle wear and tear, and labor hours.

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Journal of Engineering Sciences
Improved Resource Allocation: By accurately
monitoring the fill levels of garbage bins, the project
allows waste management authorities to allocate their
resources more effectively. They can identify areas
with higher waste generation and prioritize collection
efforts accordingly. This optimizes the utilization of
manpower, vehicles, and other resources, resulting in
improved operational efficiency.
Preventing Overflow and Environmental Hazards:
The level indicator system provides real-time
information on the fill levels of garbage bins,
enabling prompt action to prevent overflow
situations. This prevents littering, reduces the spread
of diseases, and minimizes environmental hazards.
By ensuring that bins are emptied at the right time,
the project contributes to maintaining cleaner and
healthier surroundings.
Smart Segregation and Recycling: The integration of
smart segregation techniques allows for automatic
categorization of waste into different types, such as
recyclables and non- recyclables. This simplifies the
segregation process and ensures that recyclable waste
is properly identified and directed to the appropriate
recycling facilities. It promotes recycling efforts,
reduces landfill waste, and supports sustainable waste
management practices.
Real-time Monitoring and Alerts: The project
provides real-time monitoring of garbage levels and
can send alerts to waste collection personnel when a
bin reaches its maximum capacity. This proactive
approach ensures that bins are emptied before they
overflow, minimizing the risk of environmental
pollution and unpleasant odors. It also reduces the
need for manual inspections, saving time and
resources.
Data-driven Decision Making: The project generates
valuable data on waste generation patterns, fill levels,
and other parameters. By analyzing this data, waste
management authorities can make informed decisions
to optimize their operations. They can identify trends,
adjust collection schedules, and allocate resources
based on actual needs, leading to improved efficiency
and cost-effectiveness.
Sustainability and Environmental Impact: The project
aligns with sustainability goals by promoting
efficient waste management practices. By reducing
unnecessary waste collection trips, optimizing
resource allocation, and encouraging recycling, it
contributes to minimizing environmental impact. It
supports a greener future by reducing waste
generation, conserving resources, and promoting
responsible waste disposal habits.
3.4 DISADVANTAGES
Initial Setup and Infrastructure Costs: Implementing
the project requires a significant upfront investment
in IoT sensors, connectivity infrastructure, and
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software development. The cost of deploying and
maintaining a network of sensors across a large area
can be substantial, especially for municipalities or
organizations with limited budgets.
Connectivity and Network Reliability: The success of
the project relies heavily on stable and reliable
network connectivity. However, issues such as
network outages, signal interference, or limited
coverage in certain areas can disrupt data
transmission and impact the system's effectiveness.
Ensuring a robust and reliable network infrastructure
is essential for the project's smooth operation.
Privacy and Data Security Concerns: The project
involves the collection and storage of data related to
waste generation patterns, fill levels, and possibly
other sensitive information. Protecting this data from
unauthorized access and ensuring user privacy are
critical considerations. Implementing robust security
measures and complying with data protection
regulations are essential to mitigate potential risks.
Maintenance and System Upgrades: The project
requires regular maintenance and updates to ensure
optimal performance. This includes monitoring and
replacing faulty sensors, upgrading software systems,
and addressing technical issues promptly.
Maintenance tasks can be time-consuming and
require skilled personnel, which may add to the
overall operational costs.
Adoption and User Acceptance: Encouraging
community participation and acceptance of the
system can be a challenge. Some individuals may be
resistant to change or may not fully understand the
benefits of the IoT-based waste management system.
Effective communication and education campaigns
are necessary to inform and engage the community,
encouraging their active involvement and
cooperation.
Environmental Impact of IoT Devices: IoT devices,
including sensors and communication infrastructure,
have an environmental footprint in terms of their
production, energy consumption, and eventual
disposal. Careful consideration should be given to the
environmental impact of these devices, and efforts
should be made to minimize their ecological footprint
throughout their lifecycle.
Technical Limitations and Compatibility: The
project's success depends on the compatibility and
interoperability of different IoT devices, software
platforms, and waste management systems. Ensuring
seamless integration between various components
may require overcoming technical challenges,
standardizing protocols, and addressing compatibility
issues.
3.5 APPLICATIONS
The IoT-based smart garbage segregation and level
indicator system project has several applications that
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can significantly improve waste management
practices. Some of the key applications include:
1. Efficient Waste Collection: The project enables
waste collection personnel to optimize their routes
based on real-time data of garbage levels in
individual bins. This ensures that waste is collected
only when necessary, reducing unnecessary trips and
optimizing collection efficiency.
2. Preventing Overflow and Environmental Hazards:
The level indicator system provides real-time
information on the fill levels of garbage bins. This
helps prevent overflow situations, which can lead to
littering, spread of diseases, and environmental
pollution. By addressing these issues promptly, the
project contributes to maintaining cleaner and
healthier surroundings.
3. Smart Segregation and Recycling: The integration
of smart segregation techniques allows for automatic
categorization of waste into different types, such as
recyclables and non-recyclables. This facilitates
efficient recycling processes by ensuring that
recyclable waste is properly identified and directed to
the appropriate recycling facilities.
4. Resource Optimization: With data collected from
the level indicator system, waste management
authorities can analyze patterns and trends in waste
generation. This information can be used to optimize
waste management strategies, allocate resources
more effectively, and implement targeted initiatives
for waste reduction.
5. Smart City Integration: The project can be
integrated into broader smart city initiatives, enabling
seamless collaboration between waste management
systems and other urban infrastructure. For example,
waste collection schedules can be synchronized with
smart transportation systems to optimize routes and
reduce traffic congestion.
6. Environmental Monitoring: The IoT sensors
deployed in the project can provide valuable data on
environmental conditions, such as air quality and
temperature. This data can be used for monitoring
and assessing the impact of waste on the
environment, identifying potential areas of
improvement, and implementing sustainable waste
management practices.
7. Community Engagement and Awareness: The
project can engage communities by providing
information and feedback mechanisms through
mobile applications or web portals. This promotes
awareness about responsible waste disposal practices,
encourages citizen participation, and fosters a sense
of environmental responsibility.
IV.CONCULSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
4.1 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the IoT-based smart garbage
segregation and level indicator system project holds
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significant promise in revolutionizing waste
management practices. By leveraging the power of
IoT technologies, this project aims to address the
challenges of efficient waste segregation, monitoring,
and collection.
Through the implementation of smart bins equipped
with sensors and connected to a central network, the
project enables real-time monitoring of garbage
levels, ensuring timely waste collection and
preventing overflow situations. The integration of
smart segregation techniques further enhances the
efficiency of waste management by automating the
categorization process.
The project's future scope is vast, with opportunities
for advanced segregation techniques, integration with
smart city infrastructure, and data analytics for
optimized waste management. The potential for real-
time monitoring and alerts allows for proactive waste
collection, reducing environmental hazards and
improving overall cleanliness.
Additionally, engaging the community through
educational initiatives and promoting responsible
waste disposal habits can foster a sense of
responsibility and sustainability among residents. The
scalability and interoperability of the system ensure
its potential integration with larger waste
management ecosystems, facilitating data exchange
and collaboration between stakeholders.
4.2 FUTURE SCOPE
1. Advanced Segregation Techniques: The project
can explore and implement more advanced garbage
segregation techniques, such as using machine
learning algorithms or computer vision to
automatically identify and categorize waste into
different types. This could further enhance the
efficiency and accuracy of the segregation process.
2. Integration with Smart City Infrastructure: As
cities continue to embrace smart city initiatives,
integrating the smart garbage segregation system
with other urban systems can provide comprehensive
waste management solutions. This may involve
linking the system with smart grids, transportation
systems, or waste collection services to optimize
waste disposal and recycling processes.
3. Data Analytics and Optimization: The collected
data from the level indicator system can be utilized
for data analytics and optimization. By analyzing
trends and patterns in waste generation and disposal,
authorities can make informed decisions to optimize
waste collection routes, schedule pickups based on
actual needs, and reduce operational costs.
4. Real-time Monitoring and Alerts: Enhancing the
system to provide real-time monitoring and alerts can
enable proactive waste management. For example,
when a bin reaches its maximum capacity, the system
can automatically send alerts to waste collection
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personnel, optimizing collection efficiency and

reducing overflow situations.
5. Community Engagement and Education:
Expanding the project to include community
engagement and education initiatives can raise
awareness about waste management and encourage
active participation from residents. This can involve
integrating educational modules, gamification
elements, or community feedback mechanisms to
promote responsible waste disposal habits.
6. Scalability and Interoperability: Ensuring the
project's scalability and interoperability with other
IoT systems and platforms can facilitate its
integration into larger waste management
ecosystems. This would enable seamless data
exchange and collaboration between different
stakeholders involved in waste management,
including municipalities, recycling centers, and waste
management companies.
4.3 REFERENCES AND TEXTBOOKS
1. "Introduction to Microcontrollers: Architecture,
Programming, and Interfacing for the Freescale
68HC12" by G. Jack Lipovski.
2. "Sensors and Actuators: Engineering System
Instrumentation" by Clarence W. de Silva.
3. "Waste Management Practices: Municipal,
Hazardous, and Industrial" by John Pichtel.
4. J. Saini, N. S. Verma, and A. Jain, "Design and
Implementation of IoT Based Smart Garbage
Monitoring System," 2018 3rd International
Conference on Internet of Things: Smart Innovation
and Usages (IoT-SIU), Bhimtal, India, 2018, pp. 1-4.
5. M. Arumugam, R. Ramya, S. Sasikumar, and R.
M. Arumuganathan, "Smart Waste Management
System using IoT," 2018 Second International
Conference on Inventive Communication and
Computational Technologies (ICICCT), Coimbatore,
India, 2018, pp. 775-779.
6. S. S. Ghuge, P. P. Mallikarjun, and P. M.
Jagadeesh, "Smart Garbage Monitoring System using
IoT," 2018 International Conference on Inventive
Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA),
Coimbatore, India, 2018, pp. 1179-1183.
7. N. H. Batu, A. R. Sucharita, and A. Prasetyo,
"Smart Garbage Monitoring System using IoT
Technology Based on Android Application," 2019
International Conference on Electrical Engineering
and Computer Science (ICECOS), Malang,
Indonesia, 2019, pp. 1-4.

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