International Conference of Advance Research and Innovation (ICARI-2020)

Waste segregation and waste management using smart bin: a review

Samarth Verma, Simran Suri, Vaibhav Pundir, Praveen kumar Chakravarti
Department of Electronics and Communication, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut (UP), India
Abstract: Nowadays certain actions are taken to improve the level of cleanliness in the country. People are getting more active in doing all the
things possible to clean their surroundings. Various movements are also started by the government to increase cleanliness. We will try to build a
system which will notify the corporations to empty the bin on time. In this system, we will put a sensor on top of the garbage bin which will
detect the total level of garbage inside it according to the total size of the bin. When the garbage will reach the maximum level, a notification
will be sent to the corporation's office, than the employees can take further actions to empty the bin. This system will help in cleaning the city in
a better way. By using this system people do not have to check all the systems manually but they will get a notification when the bin will get
filled.
Keywords: Waste segregation waste management, smart bin, pollution.

1. Introduction type of waste and putting it in concerned bin.This type of product

Waste management is all the activities and actions required to
manage waste from its inception to its final disposal [1]. This
includes collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste
together with monitoring and regulation. Waste collection methods
vary widely among different countries and regions. Domestic waste
collection services are often provided by local government
activities. The current system for waste management includes
numerous stages with tremendous man-power. Every time labours
have to visit the garbage bins in the city area to check whether they
are filled or not. And if they are filled, garbage bins are collected
and disposed at closest landfill.
Increasing population has increased tremendously. At the same
phase there is an increase of waste production. With the advent of
time, human directly or indirectly interfered with the natural
environment for its comfort. These being the cause of the pollution.
As all the waste is collected in single bin it's difficult to separate the
waste as well as disposed it properly. It's getting difficult to manage
the waste. Therefore the smart bin is the idea to separate the
different types of waste in different box automatically using the
different sensors. Smart bin main work is to separate the metal,
moisture and dry waste as well as the bin get filled message the
municipal community to take off the dustbin and prevent them for
overflow of garbage Even though we have different waste
management services, they prove to be inefficient because of the
lack of standard operating methods both collection-wise and
logistics-wise. We present a novel method for waste collection
management system. Due to the separate segregation of waste we
can use it in future. We could recycle the plastic as it can never be
discomposed. The task of segregating the waste is done before but
it have some problem as in one of the method it's hard to separate
the metal waste and dry waste as dry sensor recognized the metal
garbage’s as fry waste. As metal waste is both dry as well as metal.
An automated project based on SIMENS technology also get failed
as it required high power. The idea of smart garbage bins and
system have been in discussion for quite a long time. The
technologies used at disposal to develop this smart system have also
evolved, Internet of Things (IoT). Each idea seems to be similar but
is slightly different at its core and our proposed work is no
exception from the same. After the IOT field, finding its hold in our
lives, it is our original plan for designing a smart garbage collection
system which has provision for citizen participation and analyzing
of data for better decision making. At hardware level, the smart bin
is a garbage bin with different sensors and Aurdino.
In our system we will be separating wet and dry waste. If the initial
objectives are achieved we will try to separate metal and plastic.
IOT gave us flexibility to monitor the garbage and the local areas
using maps and notify the concerned authority about the status of
the garbage bin and its location. People will not have to manually
separate the waste as our system will be doing it by detecting the
Corresponding Author,
E-mail address: simran.suri.ec.2016@miet.ac.in;
praveen.chakravarti@miet.ac.in
All rights reserved: http://www.ijari.org
can be used in housing societies, offices, etc. Since it is cost
effective, it can be implemented on a large scale as well with some
modifications. Using a robotic arm along with a conveyor belt will
make the process of segregation easier. Also, more sensors can be
used to segregate bio-degradable and non-bio-degradable waste,
plastics, recyclable waste, e-waste, and medical waste.
2. Segregating the waste technology
When the waste undergoes in the dustbin the IR sensor are applied
as soon as it detect the garbage. The sensitivity of the IR Sensor is
tuned using the potentiometer. The potentiometer is tunnable in both
the directions. Initially tune the potentiometer in clockwise direction
such that the Indicator LED starts glowing. Once that is achieved,
turn the potentiometer just enough in anti-clockwise direction to
turn off the Indicator LED. At this point the sensitivity of the
receiver is maximum. Thus, its sensing distance is maximum at this
point. The transmitter continuously transmits the signal to detect the
presence of obstacle. Different sensor are connected to the aurdino
to detect the type of garbage and seggrate them in different bin by
automatic open and close technique. To the very first sensor applied
is the metal sensor it will detect whether the garbage is metal or not.
If it came to be metal the bin get open and the garbage is goes under
that bin else it will move further by programming the aurdino in
such way. After a small distance there is a moisture sensor that will
use for detecting the wet garbage. If there is detecting of humidity in
the garbage it will drop in to the wet garbage collecting bin else it
will drop into the dry garbage collecting bin. For doing this
mechanism, we are using aurdino with different sensors to detect
and collect in the particular bin. It is used to segregate the garbage
in different bin.
Fig.1 : Representation of waste segregation
3. Garbage level Monitoring Working
The basic idea of the project is to monitor the level of garbage bins
in the vicinity in real-time. Once the whole system is installed and
power supply is given to the main processing unit i.e. aurdino, it
runs the program and activates Ultrasonic sensor. Sensor detects the
garbage level in the bins and the result is provided to the server.

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 International Conference of Advance Research and Innovation (ICARI-2020)
This provides administrator a visual report of waste level in all the
garbage bins on the server dashboard and he can monitor all garbage
bin levels from a single location. Also, necessary actions can be
taken on those bins whose garbage levels are above the threshold
value. This helps in automating the process and reducing the
wastage of man-power.
Then the distance or ultrasonic sensor is installed on the interior of
the bin lid. As the trash level increases, it simultaneously decreases
the distance between the trash and the sensor. This real-time
information is sent to the micro-controller of the sensor. The
microcontroller processes the information generated from the bin
and turns it into data. The data is in turn sent to visually display the
data to the collection truck drivers or to the management at the
office.
Fig.2 : Representation of garbage monitoring [21]
Whenever the waste exceed the certain limit or threshold position
the sms will sent to the municipal department through GSM module.
The threshold is check by using ultrasonic sensor. The programming
is done in such a way that when threshold limit is reached the
ultrasonic sensor give a signal to GSM module to sent the
information to the municipal server.
Then the distance or ultrasonic sensor is installed on the interior of
the bin lid. As the trash level increases, it simultaneously decreases
the distance between the trash and the sensor. This real-time
information is sent to the micro-controller of the sensor. The timer1
of the microcontroller is used for the purpose of calculating the time
period for the sound wave to travel back to the sensor. Then, the
calculated time can be computed through the following equation
into the distance (cm) unit.
D = {(t*v)/2}*100
In we have ‘D’ as the distance in cm measured by the ultrasonic
sensor, ‘t’ is the time taken by the sound wave to echo back to the
receiver in seconds, ‘v’ is the velocity of sound wave. Thus, this
equation is computed by the microcontroller and we can get the
distance of any solid waste material present in the bin. The GSM
module connected to microcontroller sends this garbage level in the
form of text message to the central waste office.
Fig.3 : Testing of ultrasonic sensor
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Fig.4 : Complete working of bin
4. Conclusions
In this paper, we proposed a working proof of concept for a smart
waste management that can sense trash level and notify necessary
city workers over the cloud. Ultrasonic distance readings are
a reasonably reliable way to gather this data, though they are
inconsistent when faced with complex surfaces. With our cost and
power analyses, we also determine that this system can be made
much cheaper and more power efficient. System cost can be reduced
from that of our prototype implementation. Sleep modes can also
be implemented, reducing power consumption of the system. In
solid waste management system, collection of solid waste is the
most important process for total disposal costs. In order to
decrease total solid waste disposal costs. It is necessary o performed
route optimization on current solid waste collection paths. We have
used shortest path routing algorithm to calculate the distance from
the central garbage collection office to the bin, in such a way that
the collection vehicle covers more number of bins in that route. This
optimization of collection route is helpful in effective utilization of
fuel and thereby provides economic collection management. By
using this method the collection of waste in the city becomes more
easier. It helps in reducing air pollution, traffic flow, man
power, time and money. Further this system can be expanded and
implemented over a large scale to provide more reliable and
efficient smart waste collection and management system for smart
cities.
Implementation of this system at a local level like societies,
educational institutes, etc. can reduce the burden on the local
authorities. The automatic waste segregator is one small step
towards building an efficient and economic waste collection system
with a minimum amount of human intervention and also no hazard
to human life. Using a conveyor belt makes the system far more
accurate, cost-effective and also easier to install and use at a
domestic level. Segregating all these wastes at a domestic level will
also be time-saving. While implementing our system we came
across many problems like the sensing range of inductive proximity
sensor, the accuracy of the moisture sensor, adjusting the range of
IR sensors and some more, but using some modifications we tried
the make the system as reliable as possible but not completely
perfect.
Automated garbage segregation is successfully implemented for the
sorting out the wastes in to metals, plastic and vegetable peels. etc..
The entire sensing process for the segregation the waste is
comtrolled and monitored by MY RIO in single platform for the
effective operation . This method of implementation saves time in
segregation by human and affordability in domestic applications.
This Smart Dustbin prototype will contribute a lot to the society to
provide a clean and hygienic environment. GSM module intimate
the bin status to the concerned authority for continual clearing of
waste. GPS module interface to the bin will update the location for
the dump. This would lessen the stray trash on the streets.Our
research work presents an energy efficient technique, using
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power down mode on the Arduino microcontroller, applied to a
recycling bin system. This is achieved with our automated wake-
up bit technique, which follows an on-demand rather than time
interval approach. It therefore eliminates unnecessary wake-up
of the microcontroller, reducing its energy consumption. The
battery life of the autonomous device is increased by nearly
40.9%, which contributes to reduce maintenance downtime, and
hence increases confidence level of the users as well as
reduces electronic waste.
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