IAETSD JOURNAL FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH IN APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN NO: 2394-8442

IOT BASED SMART GARBAGE OVERFLOW ALERT &

MONITERING WITH THE HELP OF CENTRAL SYSTEM
1
PRAPTI G. GODASE, 2REVATI V. KEDAR
1,2N B Navale Sinhgad College of Engineering,Kegoan Solapur. M.S. INDIA
Email: 1 praptigodase27@gmail.com, 2revatikedar13@gmail.com

Abstract

This paper presents a design of an efficient smart waste management for smart cities. Now a days garbage
monitoring is become a serious issue while considering the efficient waste management for problem occurs in environment
and unhygienic condition for the people. We here propose a probable solution to this problem for urban cities. Using IoT
(Internet of Things) technologies for waste management is one probable solution that we have proposed through our work.
Many times, in our city we see that the garbage bins or dustbins placed at public places are overloaded. It creates unhygienic
conditions for people as well as ugliness to that place leaving bad smell.

In the proposed system dustbins are interfaced with Arduino based system having IR wireless systems along with
central system showing current status of garbage. In this System there are multiple dustbins located throughout the city or
the Campus, these dustbins are provided with low cost embedded device which helps in tracking the level of the garbage
bins and a unique ID (i.e for assigning the unique id algorithm is used which uses less no, of byte and these stored in central
system.) will be provided for every dustbin in the city so that it is easy to identify which garbage bin is full. When the level
reaches the threshold limit, the device will transmit the level along with the unique ID provided. These details can be accessed
by the concern authorities from their place with the help of Internet and an immediate action can be made to clean the
dustbins. To avoid such a situation we are planning to design IoT based smart garbage overflow alert & monitoring with
the help of central system

Keywords: RF module, Ultrasonic Sensors, Arduino, Web server, Solid waste, Wi-Fi.

I. INTRODUCTION
Things (Embedded devices) that are connected to Internet and sometimes these devices can be controlled from the internet
is commonly called as Internet of Things [1]. Internet and its applications have become an integral part of todays human
lifestyle. It has become an essential tool in every aspect [3]. In our system, the Smart dust bins are connected to the internet
to get the real time information of the smart dustbins. In the recent years, there was a rapid growth in population which
leads to more waste disposal. So a proper waste management system is necessary to avoid spreading some deadly diseases.

Managing the smart bins by monitoring the status of it and accordingly taking the decision [1]. The ultimate need of the hour
for a developing nation is the key for Smart City. The influential ecological factors that poses to be a threat to this may
include: hazardous pollution and its subsequent effects on health of humanity, alarming global warming and depletion of
ozone layer etc. Classification of waste material is in three types and according to the waste management takes place. They
are classified as, Domestic waste, commercial waste, & municipal solid waste. A big Challenge in the urban cities is Solid
waste management. Not only in India but for most of the Countries in the world. The project gives us one of the most
efficient ways to keep our environment clean and green. Since most of the process is done through the internet we must
have an active high speed internet connection. The technology can be simply explained as a connection between humans-
computers-things.

VOLUME 4, ISSUE 6, NOV/2017 275 http://iaetsdjaras.org/

IAETSD JOURNAL FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH IN APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN NO: 2394-8442

The proposed system gives us one of the most efficient ways to keep our environment clean and healthy. Wireless
communication through RF Tran receiver module is one of latest and most efficient system for communication it runs along
with the web server. The whole system runs on the central system which simply shows the result comes from the transmitter
part. In this system at transmitter side Arduino is interface with ultrasonic sensor and RF transmitter which send the signal
to the receiver side and received at RF receiver. at the Central System(Arduino) and an Internet connection is enabled
through a LAN cable from the modem. The data has been received, analysed and processed in the cloud, which displays the
status of the Garbage in the dustbin on the GUI on the web browser

Figure1: Condition in the city

II. RELATED WORK

In [1] the RF module (RF transceiver link) is used for wireless communication and 8051 microcontroller is used to form
integrate the system. To monitor the waste bin one central system (Intel Galileo Gen 2) is used which store the data and
data coming from the transmitted side is received, processed and analyzed and whole system runs with the help of internet.
The sensor is placed at common garbage bin placed at public place for garbage level detection IR sensor is used. When
garbage level reaches its threshold point then that indication will give to the 8051 microcontroller. It gives the indication by
using RF module. The sensor output is given to Intel Galileo Gen 2 through the RF receivers which transfer the data to the
web server.

In [2], proposed system gives the probable solution waste management for the urban cities using Iot technologies. This
module consist of an Arduino controller, a few garbage bins loaded with sensor & they are monitored continuously through
a web. In this system all your data is stored on the cloud with real time quick access to data as well as data roaming. The
stored in cloud which can be accessed by cloud through internet and it will provide a great access to people on the same
application from anywhere in and around the world.

At hardware level level, the smart system is a garbage bin with ultrasonic sensor, a microcontroller and Wi-Fi module for
transmission of data. The system would be dealing with two type of user i.e in official and citizen with limited right. System
start with user login account for citizen as well as official & check the status of bin and message will send to receiver and
shows with help of Wi-Fi module.

In [3], dustbins are interfaced with microcontroller based system having IR wireless systems along with central system
showing current status of garbage, on mobile web browser with html page by Wi-Fi. Hence the status will be updated on to
page. Proposed system consists of garba bin, level detector, weight sensor, ARM (LPC2148) and Wi-Fi module at transmitter
side. The receiver side hardware consists of Wi-Fi router and mobile device for GSM technology. This IR Sensor gives
indicates the level of garbage filled in dustbin and IR Sensor show us the actual level of garbage present in it. The weight
sensor is used for detection of amount of garbage in dustbin. Wi-Fi Module helps us to send the details of the dustbin at the
receiver side. At receiver side Wi-Fi router is connected to the mobile device to show the status of the bin.
In [4], the ZigBee, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) and ARM7 is used to form the Integrated system to
monitor the waste bins remotely. The sensors are placed in the common garbage bins placed at the public places. When the
garbage reaches the level of the sensor, then that indication will be given to ARM 7 Controller. The controller will give
indication to the driver of garbage collection truck as to which garbage bin is completely filled and needs urgent attention.
ARM 7 will give indication by sending SMS using GSM technology.

VOLUME 4, ISSUE 6, NOV/2017 276 http://iaetsdjaras.org/

IAETSD JOURNAL FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH IN APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN NO: 2394-8442

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM

The main objective of our project of the project involves applying IoT technology to the current urban waste management
and develop the time consuming, cost saving and less urban pollution system. As we have seen number of times the dustbins
are getting overflown and concern person dont get the information within a time and due to which unsanitary condition
formed in the surroundings, at the same time bad smell spread out due to waste, bad look of the city which paves the way
for air pollution and to some harmful diseases around the locality which is easily spreadable [1].

Figure 2: Block diagram of proposed system

The Block diagram shows the different component used in the Smart Dust bin System. Ultrasonic Sensor, Arduino, Power
Supply, RF Transmitter, RF Receiver, and the web browser. The project module is divided into two parts Transmitter section
and receiver section. Here in the transmitter section we are using Arduino, RF Transmitter and sensors these are attached
to the dustbin. Sensor is used to detect the level. Where sensor are used to detect the level in the dustbin whether the dustbin
is full or empty. The sensor senses the content of the dustbin and sends the signals or the data to the Arduino, Power Supply
+9V Battery power supply is given to the Arduino to drive the system and the Arduino reads the data from the sensor and
process the data received from sensor, and the same data wirelessly transmitted to the Central system (Arduino) using RF
Transmitted. RF Transmitter is to transmit the signal from Arduino to the receiver side controller. The other section is
receiver section in which RF Receiver, Arduino, and Web Browser is used. Here RF Receiver is used to receive the data sent
by RF transmitter to the Arduino. The Arduino is used to receive the data sent by the multiple transmitters and process the
data and the same data transmitted to the Client i.e., Web Browser.

Figure 3: Flow chart of proposed system

Fig.3 shows that the flow of proposed system which represent how the system works. Here, in the transmitter section an
embedded system is deployed in the sensor which consist ultrasonic sensor, Arduino & RF transmitter. These sensors sense
the level of dust present in dustbin and transmitting the signal to the Arduino. Where microcontrollers check the status of
bin and signal to the central system through RF transmitter to the RF receiver wirelessly. Where as in the receiver section
RF receiver receive the value send by transmitter which gives to the central system to compare the threshold level and finding
the unique ID which is given to the each bin. The central system checks the status of all bins and display on the web browser.

VOLUME 4, ISSUE 6, NOV/2017 277 http://iaetsdjaras.org/

IAETSD JOURNAL FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH IN APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN NO: 2394-8442

IV. HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

ARDUINO UNO

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board grounded on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It comprises of 14 digital
input/output pins (out of which 6 can be utilized as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a
facilitation for USB connectivity, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. Its designs comprises of assistances that
supports the microcontroller in every possible way. In order to get to work with it one has to simply connect it to a computer
with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery. It is accessible in two different versions namely Arduino
Uno and Genuino Uno which could be visualized in Figure 6. The variations is observed with reference to the region. The
Uno is unique from all its former boards in the way that it does not makes use of the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip.

ULTRASONIC SENSOR HC - SR04

Ultrasonic ranging module HC - SR04 offers a 2cm - 400cm non-contact measurement function, the ranging accuracy could
reach up to 3mm. The building modules includes ultrasonic transmitters, receiver and control circuit. The basic principle:

(1) Making use of IO trigger for at least 10us high level signal,
(2) The Unit inevitably sends eight 40 kHz and detects whether there is any pulse signal back.
(3) If any of a signal is received back in a high level, time of high output IO duration is the time from sending ultrasonic
signal and receiving it back.

Test distance = (high level time velocity of sound (340M/S) / 2

RF MODULE

This radio frequency (RF) transmission system employs Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) with transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx)
pair operating at 434 MHz The transmitter module takes serial input and transmits these signals through RF. The transmitted
signals are received by the receiver module placed away from the source of transmission. The system allows one way
communication between two nodes, namely, transmission and reception. The encoder converts the parallel inputs (from the
remote switches) into serial set of signals. These signals are serially transferred through RF to the reception point. The
decoder is used after the RF receiver to decode the serial format and retrieve the original signals as outputs. These outputs
can be observed on corresponding LEDs.

V. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The following are the results which obtained from this work,
Waste Level detection inside the dustbin
Transmit the information wirelessly to concerned
The data can be accessed anytime and from anywhere
The real-time data transmission and access
Avoids the overflows of Dustbins
It gives real time information on the fill level of the dustbin:

1. Dustbin when empty - 0% (when 1st level Ultrasonic Sensor gives output )
2. Dustbin half 50% (when 1st level and 2nd level Ultrasonic Sensor gives output )
3. Dustbin full 90% (when all three level sensors gives output )
4. Dustbin is heavy- when threshold weight of dustbin is crossed (weight sensor gives output )

VOLUME 4, ISSUE 6, NOV/2017 278 http://iaetsdjaras.org/

IAETSD JOURNAL FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH IN APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN NO: 2394-8442

Waste management in urban cities are very important issue to overcome the problem. We the proposed system which is
based on IoT technology. In recent trends IoT technology is most effective and efficient technology to give accurate result.
Our system is designed to solve this issue and will provide the detail information of dustbin located in different area
throughout the city. By this system it gives automatically status of each bin by sensing the dust level in the bin and passes
the signal to the central system (Arduino) through RF transceiver. The central system receives analyses and process the data.
Such that concerned authority to get the detail accordingly. Then they can take the immediate action for the waste
management.

Figure: Smart dustbin

VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

This implementation of Smart Garbage Collection System using IoT, assures the cleaning of dustbins soon when the garbage
level reaches its maximum. In this system the information of all smart dustbins can be accessed from anywhere and anytime
by the concern person and he/she can take a decision accordingly. By implementing this proposed system the cost reduction,
resource optimization, effective usage of smart dustbins can be done. Data can be transmitted wirelessly this reduces the
total number of trips of garbage collection vehicle and hence reduces the overall expenditure associated with the garbage
collection. It ultimately helps to keep cleanliness in the society. The scope for the future work is this system can be
implemented with time stamp in which real-time clock shown to the concern person at what time dust bin is full and at what
time the waste is collected from the smart dustbins. Here we can implement the street light controller system. We can also
implement system for citizen as well as official user by developing android app. With the help of GPS we can track the
position of the dustbin where it is present.

VII. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I am grateful to the cooperation and constant encouragement from my honourable Head of Department Prof. S S Shirgan.
His regular suggestions made my work easy and proficient. I would like to express profound gratitude to my guide Dr. S M
Jagade for his invaluable support, encouragement, supervision and useful suggestions throughout this project work. Her
moral support and continuous guidance enabled me to complete my work successfully. We are heavily indebted to Principal
Dr. S. D Navale for his Constant inspiration assistance throughout the project. I wish to thank my parents for their
undivided support and interest who inspired me and encouraged me to go my own way, without whom I would be unable
to complete my project. At last but not the least I want to thank my friends who appreciated me for my work and motivated
me and finally to God who made all the things possible.

VOLUME 4, ISSUE 6, NOV/2017 279 http://iaetsdjaras.org/

IAETSD JOURNAL FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH IN APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN NO: 2394-8442

REFERENCES
[1] Parkash, Prabu V2 IoT Based Waste Management for Smart City International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and
Communication Engineering ISSN (Online): 2320-9801 Vol. 4, Issue 2, February 2016

[2] Abhishek Dev, Maneesh Jasrotia, Muzammil Nadaf, Rushabh Shah IoT Based Smart Garbage Detection System, International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) www.irjet.net ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 12 | Dec 2016

[3] S. S .Navghane, M. S .Killedar, Dr. V. M. Rohokale, IoT Based Smart Garbage and Waste Collection Bin, International Journal of
Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE), ISSN: 2278 909X Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2016

[4] Mrs. Kanchan Mahajan, Prof. J. S. Chitode, Solid Waste Bin Monitoring Using Zig Bee, Mrs. Kanchan Mahajan Int. Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications, www.ijera.com ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 3), June 2014, pp.161-164

[5] Dr. N.Sathish Kumar, B.Vijayalakshmi, R. Jenifer Prarthana, A .Shankar#4, IOT Based Smart Garbage alert system using Arduino
UNO IEEE-978-1-5090-2597-8/16/$31.00_c 2016 IEEE

[6] Prof. R.M.Sahu, Akshay Godase, Pramod Shinde, Reshma Shinde,Garbage and Street Light Monitoring System Using Internet of
Things, International Journal Of Innovative Research In Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation And Control Engineering, Issn (Online) 2321
2004 Vol. 4, Issue 4, April 2016.

[7] Jetendra Joshi, Joshitha Reddy, Praneeth Reddy, Akshay Agarwal, Rahul Agarwal, Amrit Bagga, and Abhinandan Bhargava, Cloud
Computing Based Smart Garbage Monitoring System, 2016 3rd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED), 978-1-5090-2160-
4/16/$31.00 2016 IEEE

VOLUME 4, ISSUE 6, NOV/2017 280 http://iaetsdjaras.org/