A Report

On
GSM Based Home Automation System

SUBHAM PAL (25301616006)

SURAJIT DHAR (25301616005)
ARPAN CHALKI (25301616030)
KRISHNENDU BANK (25301616024)
SHIBAJEE HEMBRAM (25301616012)
KAUSHIK SAHA (25301617006)

A report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the

award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering (EE-4th year)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL EINGINERING

Supreme Knowledge Foundation Group of Institutions

1,Khan Road, Mankundu, Hooghly, 712139

West Bengal, India

JULY-2020
 CONTENTS

1) Certificate ……………………………………………. (i)

2) Acknowledgement …………………………………… (ii)
3) Abstract ………………………………………………. (iii)
4) Introduction …………………………………………... (1)
5) Concept ……………………………………………… (2)
6) Description …………………………………………… (3)
a) What can home automation do
b) The primary Elements of Home Automation system
c) Features
d) Why we use Microcontroller
e) Use Home Automation to Turn Any House into a Smart
Home
7) Circuit Diagrams ……………………………………. (4)
8) Component Description ……………………………... (6)

a) Resistors
b) Capacitors
c) Light emitting diode
d) Transistor
e) Battery
f) Crystal oscillator(3.51MHZ)
g) Power supply
h) Relay
i) Transformer
j) MT8870 DTMF decoder
k) PCB
l) ULN2003a(transistor)
 m)AUX wire
n) Smartphone

9) Application………………………………………... (18)
10) Future Scope……………………………............. (19)
11) Conclusion……………………………................ (20)
12) Bibliography…………………………….............. (21)
 CERTIFICATE BY THE SUPERVISORS

Dr. Abhijit Lahiri

Head of the Department,

Department of Electrical Engineering

Supreme Knowledge Foundation Group of Institutions

Mankundu, Hooghly

This is to certify that the technical report on GSM Based Home

Automation System is a record of work done by the student of
Electrical Engineering during the period January 2020 to May 2020 at
Supreme Knowledge Foundation Group of Institutions affiliated to
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology(formerly
Known as West Bengal University of Technology).

………………………………………..

Signature

Dr. Abhijit Lahiri

(i)
 Acknowledgement

First and foremost, I would like to take this opportunity to thank our
HOD Dr. Abhijit Lahiri for his guidance and advice on this project.
At the same time I also won’t forget my group participant and also
friends to because they quite good with sharing some of their
information to complete this final year project successfully.
Last but not least, I am very grateful to our College friends where they
gave us enough of time to complete this project and at the same time I
would like to thank my parents and Professors who helps me a lot to
complete this project. Thank You

(ii)
 ABSTRACT

The Home Automation is a wireless home automation system that is

supposed to be implemented in existing home environments, without
any changes in the infrastructure. Home Automation let the user to
control the home from his or her computer and smartphone assign
actions that should happen depending on time or other sensor readings
such as light, temperature or sound from any device in the Home
Automation network.
The main objective of this project is to develop a home automation
system using an IC or arduino board and remotely controlled by any
Android OS smart phone. As technology is advancing so houses are
also getting smarter. Modern houses are gradually shifting from
conventional switches to centralized control system, involving remote
controlled switches. Presently, conventional wall switches located in
different parts of the house makes it difficult for the user to go near
them to operate. Even more it becomes more difficult for the elderly
or physically handicapped people to do so. Remote controlled home
automation system provides a most modern solution with smart
phones.

(iii)
 INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, we have remote controls for our television sets and other
electronic systems, which have made our lives real easy. Have you
ever wondered about home automation which would give the facility
of controlling tube lights, fans and other electrical appliances at home
using a remote control? Off-course, Yes! But, are the available options
cost-effective? If the answer is No, we have found a solution to it. We
have come up with a new system called GSM based home automation
using IC. This system is super-cost effective and can give the user, the
ability to control any electronic device without even spending for a
remote control. This project helps the user to control all the electronic
devices using his/her smartphone. Time is a very valuable thing.
Everybody wants to save time as much as they can. New technologies
are being introduced to save our time. To save people’s time we are
introducing Home Automation system. With the help of this system
you can control your home appliances from your mobile phone. You
can turn on/off your home appliances within any part of the world.

This report is describing our group project in the B.TECH last year
project. The report is describing what kind of design process,
hardware and software have been used to build up the prototype for
that product design that we had chosen as our final goal.

(1)
 CONCEPT
Every Home Automation box is a stand-alone device. It is connected
to the mains and controls the power outlet of the electrical device that
is plugged into it. There will be a receiver and transmitter in each of
the box, so they can exchange information with the master (a
computer). People can control power supply of electrical devices in
order to create an interactive home environment to facilitate the
control without changing any home appliance. People can enjoy the
high technology and simplicity modern life style. Each device will be
with standard setup and while adding it into network; it can be given
an address and tasks to do. All the setting will be easily resettable to
default value, so people can move the devices between different
electrical devices and networks. Home Automation boxes will be put
into different rooms at home, depending on the needed functionality.
Various different sensors could be attached to the boxes. The sensors
are used as triggers for actions, that user can set up in the computer
program.

(2)

DESCRIPTION
WHAT CAN HOME AUTOMATION DO?
Home automation can:

 Increase your independence and give you greater control of your

home environment.
 Make it easier to communicate with your family.
 Save you time and effort.
 Improve your personal safety.
 Reduce your heating and cooling costs.
 Increase your home’s energy efficiency.
 Alert you audibly and visually to emergency situations.
 Allow you to monitor your home while you are away.

THE PRIMARY ELEMENTS OF A HOME

AUTOMATION SYSTEM
 The operating system (for example, a computer, security system,
a telephone or electricity).
 The device being operated (for example, a light or furnace)
 The interface, or link, between the user and the device. An
interface can be a button, a keypad, a motion sensor and so on.
For example, a thermostat equipped with a computer chip can be
controlled by an interface such as a push button, which sends a
signal to the furnace to adjust the temperature for different times
of the day and night.
 (3)

Features
 Simple, small and handy remote control made up of IC 556 ( or
two IC 555)
 Micro-controller(89c51) based receiving unit
 Multi-functional, programmable receiving unit
 Application specific programming of micro-controller for
industrial purpose
 It's multi-functional unit so can be attached to any application
 It can be used in industries to control/operate any
application/device remotely
 It can be used in homes/offices to operate any appliance
remotely like fan, bulb, air cooler, table lamp etc.

WHY WE USE MICROCONTROLLER?

 It is a multi-channel IR remote control so you can perform not
just single but many functions with this remote control. Micro-
controller 89c52 is used in receiver part so its programmable
remote control. You can program it to perform specific task or
for specific application. Some applications that I have
developed are "remote control for home appliances", "remotely
operated dc motor controller", “remotely operated stepper
motor controller".
 (4)

Use Home Automation to Turn Any House into a Smart

Home
The fast pace and ever growing possibilities of today's and tomorrow's
technology are exciting. New products are available almost daily to
fill our homes full of hi-tech solutions that make our lives more
automated, convenient and energy efficient. Smart home is here to
help you choose the right devices from our vast range of home
automation products that fit your lifestyle. We offer everything for the
do-it- yourselfer, putting remote control of your home in the palm of
your hand.

Control lighting and appliances throughout your home remotely from

a smartphone. You can dim lights while watching a movie or having
dinner, or schedule lights to turn on and off while you are on vacation.
Stay green and save energy by checking to see if any lights were left
on, or turn off anything that is plugged in. Consider using a
programmable thermostat to increase energy management and reduce
your utility bill by regulating thermostat use and temperatures based
on your family's schedule.

Home automation also includes the safety of your family. Smart home
offers a complete line of traditional security and surveillance systems
to protect your home. We even have the latest biometric (fingerprint)
door locks, communicating smoke and carbon monoxide detectors,
and wireless sensors to ensure that everyone is protected from dangers
inside and outside your home. Smart home doesn't want you to forget
about having some fun too! We have portable speakers for your
smartphone or tablet, outdoor products for your yard or patio,
accessories for your car and garage, a selection of smart products for
kids and everything your need for pet care and pest control. When it
comes to smart home automation, Smart home has you covered.
 (5)

CIRCUIT AND BLOCK DIAGRAM

(6)
Project Circuit Diagram

(7)
 Component Description
a) Resistors
b) Capacitors
c) Light emitting diode
d) Transistor
e) Battery
f) Crystal oscillator (7805)
g) Power supply
h) Relay
i) Transformer
j) MT8870 DTMF decoder
k) PCB
l) ULN2003a (transistor)
m) AUX wire
n) Smartphone

(8)
 Resistors
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that
implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. Resistors act to
reduce current flow, and, at the same time, act to lower voltage
levels within circuits. Resistors may have fixed resistances or
variable resistances, such as those found

Resistor

in thermistors, varistors, trimmers, photo resistors, humistors and

potentiometers.
The current through a resistor is in direct proportion to the voltage
across the resistor's terminals. This relationship is represented by
Ohm's law:

where I is the current through the conductor in units of amperes, V is

the potential difference measured across the conductor in units of
volts, and R is the resistance of the conductor in units of ohms
(symbol: Ω).Resistors are common elements of electrical networks
and electronic circuits and are ubiquitous in electronic equipment.
Practical resistors can be composed of various compounds and films,
as well as resistance wires (wire made of a high-resistivity alloy, such
as nickel-chrome). Resistors are also implemented within integrated
circuits, particularly analog devices, and can also be integrated into
hybrid and printed circuits
 Capacitor
A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-
terminal electrical component used to store energy electrostatically
in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely,
but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by
a dielectric (i.e., insulator). The conductors can be thin films of
metal, aluminum foil or disks, etc. The 'non-conducting' dielectric
acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity. A dielectric can be
glass, ceramic, plastic film, air, paper, mica, etc. Capacitors are
widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical
devices. Unlike a resistor, a capacitor does not dissipate energy.
Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field
between its plates.

Capacitor

(10)
 Light Emitting Diode (LED)
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light
source that resembles a basic pn-junction diode, except that an LED
also emits light.[7] When an LED's anode lead has a voltage that is
more positive than its cathode lead by at least the LED's forward
voltage drop, current flows. Electrons are able to recombine with
holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons.
This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the light
(corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the
energy band gap of the semiconductor.
An LED is often small in area (less than 1 mm2), and integrated
optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern.

Light Emitting diode (LED)

(11)
 Transistor BC547
A BC547 transistor is a negative-positive-negative (NPN) transistor
that is used for many purposes. Together with other electronic
components, such as resistors, coils, and capacitors, it can be used as
the active component for switches and amplifiers. Like all other
NPN transistors, this type has an emitter terminal, a base or control
terminal, and a collector terminal. In a typical configuration, the
current flowing from the base to the emitter controls the collector
current. A short vertical line, which is the base, can indicate the
transistor schematic for an NPN transistor, and the emitter, which is
a diagonal line connecting to the base, is an arrowhead pointing
away from the base.
There are various types of transistors, and the BC547 is a bipolar
junction transistor (BJT). There are also transistors that have one
junction, such as the junction field- effect transistor, or no junctions
at all, such as the metal oxide field-effect transistor (MOSFET).
During the design and manufacture of transistors, the characteristics
can be predefined and achieved. The negative (N)-type material
inside an NPN transistor has an excess of electrons, while the
positive (P)-type material has a lack of electrons, both due to a
contamination process called doping.
The BC547 transistor comes in one package. When several are
placed in a single package, it is usually referred to as a transistor
array. Arrays are commonly used in digital switching. Eight
transistors may be placed in one package to make layout much
easier.

Transistor BC547
 DTMF: MT8870DE decoder IC

This DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency) decoder circuit identifies

the dial tone from the telephone line and decodes the key pressed on
the remote telephone. Here for the detection of DTMF signaling, we
are using the IC MT8870DE which is a touch tone decoder IC. It
decodes the input DTMF to 5 digital outputs.

The M-8870 DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency) decoder IC uses a

digital counting technique to determine the frequencies of the limited
tones and to verify that they correspond to standard DTMF
frequencies. The DTMF tone is a form of one way communication
between the dialer and the telephone exchange. The whole
communication consists of the touch tone initiator and the tone
decoder or detector. The decoded bits can be interfaced to a computer
or microcontroller for further application.

(13)
 Transformer
A transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy between two
circuits through electromagnetic induction. A transformer may be
used as a safe and efficient voltage converter to change the AC
voltage at its input to a higher or lower voltage at its output without
changing the frequency. Other uses include current conversion,
isolation with or without changing voltage and impedance conversion.
A transformer most commonly consists of two windings of wire that
are wound around a common core to provide tight electromagnetic
coupling between the windings. The core material is often a laminated
iron core. The coil that receives the electrical input energy is referred
to as the primary winding the output coil is the secondary winding.

An alternating electric current flowing through the primary winding

(coil) of a transformer generates a varying electromagnetic field in its
surroundings which induces a varying magnetic flux in the core of the
transformer. The varying electromagnetic field in the vicinity of the
secondary winding induces

(14)
 an electromotive force in the secondary winding, which appears as a
voltage across the output terminals. If a load is connected across the
secondary winding, a current flows through the secondary winding drawing
power from the primary winding and its power source.
Various specific electrical application designs require a variety of
transformer types. Although they all share the basic characteristic
transformer principles, they are customizing in construction or electrical
properties for certain installation requirements or circuit conditions.

 Autotransformer: Transformer in which part of the winding is common

to both primary and secondary circuits.
 Capacitor voltage transformer: Transformer in which capacitor divider
is used to reduce high voltage before application to the primary
winding.
 Distribution transformer, power transformer: International standards
make a distinction in terms of distribution transformers being used
to distribute energy from transmission lines and networks for local
consumption and power transformers being used to transfer electric
energy between the generator and distribution primary circuits.
 Phase angle regulating transformer: A specialized transformer used to
control the flow of real power on three-phase electricity transmission
networks.

(15)
 Relay 12vdc
A solid-state relay (SSR) is an electronic switching device that switches
states when an external voltage is applied along its n-type and p-type
junctions. SSR has a small control signal that controls a larger load current
or voltage. It consists of a sensor which responds to an appropriate input
(control signal), a solid-state electronic switching device which switches
power to the load circuitry, and some coupling mechanism to enable the
control signal to activate this switch without mechanical parts. The relay
may be designed to switch either AC or DC to the load. It serves the same
function as an electromechanical relay, but has no moving parts.

Relay 12vdc

(16)
 Cristal Oscillator 3.51 MHz
A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the
mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to
create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency. This frequency is
commonly used to keep track of time (as in quartz wristwatches), to
provide a stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to
stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers. The most
common type of piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal, so
oscillator circuits incorporating them became known as crystal oscillators,
but other piezoelectric materials including polycrystalline ceramics are
used in similar circuits.
Quartz crystals are manufactured for frequencies from a few tens of
kilohertz to hundreds of megahertz. More than two billion crystals are
manufactured annually. Most are used for consumer devices such as
wristwatches, clocks, radios, computers, and cellphones. Quartz crystals are
also found inside test and measurement equipment, such as counters, signal
generators, and oscilloscopes.

Cristal Oscillator 3.51 MHz

(17)
 Applications

 Lighting control
 HVAC
 Lawn/Gardening management
 Smart Home Appliances
 Improved Home safety and security
 Home air quality and water quality monitoring
 Natural Language-based voice assistants
 Better Infotainment delivery
 AI-driven digital experiences
 Smart Switches
 Smart Locks
 Smart Energy Meters
 (18)

Future Scope
Future scope for the home automation systems involves making homes
even smarter. Homes can be interfaced with sensors including motion
sensors, light sensors and temperature sensors and provide automated
toggling of devices based on conditions. More energy can be conserved by
ensuring occupation of the house before turning on devices and checking
brightness and turning off lights if not necessary. The system can be
integrated closely with home security solutions to allow greater control and
safety for home owners. The next step would be to extend this system to
automate a large scale environment, such as offices and factories. Home
Automation offers a global standard for interoperable products.
Standardization enables smart homes that can control appliances, lighting,
environment, energy management and security as well as the expandability
to connect with other networks

Advantages of Home Automation

  The inefficiency of operation of conventional wall switches can be
overwhelmed using various home automation systems (without using
conventional switching methods).
 The loss of power can be reduced and manpower required for home
automation is very less compared to conventional methods.
 The IR, RF, android application, Arduino, Bluetooth, DTMF, etc.,
based home automation systems can be more efficient, provides ease
of operation.
 Provides safety from electrical power short circuits while using
conventional wall switches to operate loads.
 Home automation system with automated door locking and security
cameras facilitates more security.
 By using a home automation system, we can save a lot of time to
operate home appliances from anywhere (without wasting time to
move from office to home for just unlocking door for family
members to enter the home).

(19)

Conclusion
The project we have undertaken has helped us gain a better perspective on
various aspects related to our course of study as well as practical
knowledge of electronic equipment and communication. We became
familiar with software analysis, designing, implementation, testing and
maintenance concerned with our project. The extensive capabilities of this
system are what make it so interesting. From the convenience of a simple
cell phone, a user is able to control and monitor virtually any electrical
devices. This makes it possible for users to rest assured that their
belongings are secure and that the television and other electrical appliances
was not left running when they left the house to just list a few of the many
uses of this system. The end product will have a simplistic design making it
easy for users to interact with. This will be essential because of the wide
range of technical knowledge that homeowners have.

(20)

REFERENCES:
[1] "Introducing Raspberry Pi Model B+" Raspberry Pi
Foundation.
[2] "Raspberry pi 3 specs" raspberrypi.com
[3] "First mention of HTML Tags on the www-talk mailing list"
World Wide Web Consortium.
[4] Tim Berners-Lee, "Information Management: A Proposal."
CERN
[5] Wireless Sensor Networks: Concepts, Applications,
Experimentation and Analysis"
(21)