Next Step Home Automation

Dr. Pinki Yadav ,Aditya Srivastava1, Swadesh Deepak1, Nihshesh Kr Dixit1, Shivam Tripathi1
1

PINKIACME@GMAIL.COM

Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida,U.P.,India

Department of Electrical Engineering

Abstract: This paper presents a home control system and monitoring it with the help of internet of things (IOT). The standards of
human's comfort in homes can be categorized into several types. The most significant are the thermal comfort followed by the
visual comfort. The system will be monitored through an embedded web server using mobile application so that they can be
controlled from anywhere. Devices that can be controlled are lights, fan speed, light color changing. Software consists of
Arduino IDE for programming. Microcontroller and Google Firebase Server are used to communicate between android
application and the boards. It also uses to Graphical User Interface (GUI) which involve all devices needed to display in Android
screen. Automation can be achieved through Internet of Things (IOT).
Keywords: Arduino, Raspberry pi, Bluetooth

1. Introduction

The Internet of Things (IoTs) can be used to connect everyday objects like smart-phones, Internet TVs, sensors and
actuators to the Internet where the devices are intelligently linked together enabling new forms of communication
between things and people, or even in between things themselves [1]. Next Step - Home Automation is automation
of home, housework or household activity. In other word it refers to use of IT/computer to control home e-
appliances. It integrates electrical devices in a house with each other. It can include centralized control of lighting
appliances, security lock of doors to provide improved convenience, comfort, energy, efficiency and safety.

The recognition of home automation has been increasing greatly in recent years due to considerable affordability
and simplicity through smartphone and tablet connectivity. The techniques employed in home automation include
those in building automation as well as the control of domestic activities, such as lighting control system, and the
use of other electrical appliances. Devices may be connected through a home network to allow control by a personal
computer and may allow remote access from the internet. Through the integration of information technologies with
the home environment, systems and appliances can communicate in an integrated manner which results in
convenience, energy efficiency, and safety benefits.

The system architecture for Smart Home must fulfil the requirements of measuring home conditions, processing
instrumented data, and monitoring home appliances. Our approach utilizes microcontroller-enabled sensors for
measuring home conditions and microcontroller enabled actuators for monitoring home appliances in the front end
[2]. This project forwards the design of home automation and security system using Arduino Node MCU, a credit
sized computer. Arduino NodeMCU provides the features of a mini computer, additional with its input-output pins
where other components and devices can be connected. Input-output registers of Arduino Node MCU are used for
the output purposes. We need to design a power strip that can be easily connected to input-output Pins of the
Arduino Node MCU.
IoT represents a worldwide network of uniquely addressable interconnected objects. According to Gubbi et al.
(2013), IoT is an “interconnection of sensing and actuating devices providing the ability to share information across
platforms through a unified framework, developing a common operating picture for enabling innovative
applications. Therefore, the Internet of Things aims to improve one's comfort and efficiency, by enabling
cooperation among smart objects. The combination of information technologies and advanced communication and
sensing systems, creates a variety of new potential applications [3].
The home appliances are connected to the input/output ports of Arduino NodeMCU along with the power strip and
their status is passed to the Arduino NodeMCU. The android running OS in any phone connected to a network can
access the status of the home appliances via an application. It presents the design and implementation of automation
system that can monitor and control home appliances via android phone or tablet [4].
In this paper, we present a holistic approach to the integration of state-of-the-art IoT (or near IoT) solutions into the
smart home, taking into account both home energy management considerations and architectural challenges and
solutions with emphasis on data processing issues, networking and interoperability features of smart home protocols.
For this purpose, we surveyed the IoT frameworks present in the literature, analysed these state-of-the-art solutions
and defined challenges for future research.

2. Methodology
There are various methods for home automation that are

• Bluetooth based home automation system

• Voice recognition based home automation
• ZigBee Based Wireless Home Automation System
• GSM Based Home Automation System
• An Ocean based home automation system

One of the methods is described below:

Bluetooth based home automation using Aurdino

Bluetooth is preferred because nowadays people have their smartphones with them all the time, since every
smartphone have Bluetooth facility in it, thus it's better to use Bluetooth rather than using RF remotes or IR remotes.
Have anyone ever seen people carrying remotes???

Advantages of using Bluetooth:

1. Secure connectivity
2.It’s very easy to use
3.Suitable for short distance.
4. App easily available on smartphone.

2.1Parts and component used

Parts and component used are:

1. ATmega8 micro-controller
2. ULN2803
3. SPDT 5v Relay
4. V-reg 7805 and LM317
5. Terminal blocks
6. Bread board
7. 5v Regulated Power Supply
8. HC-05 Bluetooth module
9. Resistors, capacitors, diodes, etc
10. 16MHz crystal oscillator
11. Some wires and jumper wires
12. Most important is Android phone with Blue Control v1.0 or above installed on it.

Bluetooth Module

The Bluetooth module used in this home automation is HC-05 Linvor Bluetooth module. It is an easy to use
Bluetooth serial port protocol (SPP) module, which is designed for a transparent wireless serial connection set-up.
This module has 34 PINS for configuration/interfacing of Bluetooth module with microcontroller.For creating 3.3v
output for the Bluetooth module, we have used LM317 IC v-reg with a 10k potentiometer.
ULN2803A IC is a high-voltage, high-current Darlington transistor array. Therefore ULN2803A IC is used to drive
a relay. This device consists of eight NPN-Darlington pairs that feature high-voltage outputs for switching inductive
loads. Applications of ULN2803a include relay drivers, lamp drivers etc. And that's what we need, relay driver. The
ULN2803A has a 2.7-kΩ series base resistor for each Darlington pair which makes it operable directly with TTL or
5-V CMOS devices [5].

2.2 How to Connect Bluetooth HC-05 to Arduino

1. Connect GNDpin of Arduino to the bus strips on the breadboard and connect 5V of HC-05 module in it.
2. Connect HC-05 module with Arduino by inserting its 5V and GND pins to the bus strips on the breadboard.
3. Connect the TXD pin on the HC-05 module with the RXD pin (Pin 0) of Arduino.
4. TXD on HC-05: It Transmit data from the Bluetooth transceiver in form of signals.
5. Pin 0 on Arduino (RXD): It Receive data which is in form of signals on Arduino two-way by connecting
these pins, here we are establishing a two-way communication between Arduino and HC-05, so that we can
turn the device get on/off with the command properly.
6. Next, as the receiver data lines on HC-05 are 3.3V tolerance, we need to convert the 5V input signal from
Arduino into a 3.3 V signal. it can be achieved easily through a bi-directional logic level converter; we’re
using a voltage divider to convert the 5V input signal into a 3.3 V signal.
7. Voltage Divider: Connect 1k ohm and 2.2k ohm resistors across the GND and TXD on Arduino, and we
obtain the 3.3 V tolerant input directly from the intersection of the two resistors.

2.3 Checking

When our connection between HC-05 module and Arduino is completed, you can power the Arduino with the 12V
DC supply /USB cable. If the red and blue LEDs on HC-05 are blinks, it means that you have successfully paired the
Bluetooth module with Arduino.State pin on Arduino also shows the Bluetooth connectivity

2.4 Setting up the Relay Circuit

Once the setup on Arduino is configured, the next step is to connect the load with our relay module i.e. the lamp (in
our case). Here’s a simple circuit that explains how you need to wire the connections:
Now let’s review our setup till now. The relay module works as an electronic switch. We are connecting this in
series so that we can open and connect the circuit from the micro-controller module.Now to wire up relay module
with Arduino:

1. Firstly, connect the 5V and GND pins to the bus terminals on the breadboard as donepreviously.
2. Connect the PIN1 pin on the relay board with PIN 4 of Arduino.
3. In case you have a multi-channel module (2, 4 or 8 channels), you can connect IN of relay module with
different digital pins of Arduino, and repeat the below steps for configuring other pins.

Now our relay board and Bluetooth both are connected to the Aurdino. Hence the whole connection is
established.
After the completion of all the steps our Bluetooth based home automation is readybelow is a diagram of
this automation system
2.5 In-depth analysis of literature

2.5.1 Home automation using internet of things

Mamata Khatu, Neethu Kaimal has presented a paper on Home automation using IOT. This paper is mainly focused
on IoT coverage that connects different objects like smart phone, tablets, Digital cameras and sensors in the internet
and thus provides many services and huge amount of data and information. The society need new and scalable,
compatible and secure solutions for both the management of broader complexly networked Internet of Things.

2.5.2 Home automation system based on Bluetooth using cell phones

B. Murali Krishna, Narasimha Nayak presented a paper on Bluetooth based home automation system. In Bluetooth
based home automation system, the home appliances are connected to the Arduino BT board at input and output
ports using relay. The program of Arduino BT board is based on high level interactive C language of
microcontrollers; the connections are made via Bluetooth. The password protection is provided so only authorized
user is allowed to access the appliances. The Bluetooth connection is established between Arduino, BT board and
phone for wireless communication. In this system the python script is used and it can be installed on any of the
Symbian OS environment, it is portable.

2.5.3 Home automation system based on Zigbee using cell phones

To monitor and control the home appliances the system is designed and controlled using Zigbee.The device
performance is recorded and stored by network coordinators. For this Wi-Fi network is used, which uses the four-
switch port standard wireless ADSL modern router. The network SSID and security Wi-Fi parameter are
preconfigured. The message for security purpose is first processed by the virtual home algorithm and when it is
declared safe it is re-encrypted and forward to the real network device of the home. Over Zigbee network, Zigbee
controller sent messages to the end. The safety and security of all the messages that are received by the virtual home
algorithm. To reduce the expense of the system and the interfering of respective installation of the system, Zigbee
communication is helpful.
2.5.4 Home automation based on GSM using cell phones

Because of the mobile phone and GSM technology, the GSM based Home automation is in research. SMS based
home automation and GPRS based home automation, are mainly considered for communication in GSM. We use
transducer which converts machine function into electrical signals which goes to microcontroller. The sensors of
system convert the physical qualities like sound, temperature and humidity into some other quantity like voltage.
The microcontroller analyses all signal and convert them to command that should be understood by GSM module.

2.5.5 Home automation based on Wi-Fi using cell phones

Wi-Fi based home automation system mainly consists of three models, server, hardware, and software package.
Same technology is used to login to the server-based application. Server is connected to the internet, so that remote
users can access web server using compatible web browser.
Software of home automation system is split to server application software, and Arduino firmware. Arduino
software is built using C language whereas IDE comes with microcontroller itself.Arduino software is used for
gathering events from connected sensors, then it applies action to actuators and pre-programed in the server.
Another job is to report and record the history in the server. The server application software can be accessed from
internal network or from internet if the server has real IP on the internet.

2.5.6 Raspberry pi home automation with wireless sensors using smart phone

Home Automation System has been developed with Raspberry Pi by reading the algorithm and subject of E-mails.
Raspberry Pi guarantees to be an efficient platform for implementation powerful and economic smart home
automation. Raspberry pi is better than any other home automation methods in several ways.
The script running on server side of our laptop or on a web server receives the input commands from the user and
appropriately sends it to clients (Raspberry Pi). In this, we will be using those input commands to turn a light ON
and OFF. When we give the command to turn ON the light by the server side script, the data and information gets
relayed to the Raspberry Pi and its GPIO pin will turns ON relay. The system can send current updates to the server
to detect whether the light is ON or OFF [6].

2.6 Challenges and solutions

Here are some guidelines for future developers of IoT solutions on how to make good choices when dealing with
different challenges.

2.6.1 Edge (fog) computing

Edge computing is solutions that facilitate data processing at or near the source of data generation. For example, in
the context of the Internet of Things (IoT), the sources of data generation are usually things with sensors or
embedded devices. Edge computing serves as the decentralized extension of the campus networks, cellular
networks, data centre networks or the cloud.”
There are many reasons to employ this approach, but some of the more prominent ones are the energy saving, data
volume reduction and latency reduction.
This approach will decrease the data volume and will avoid sending hugeportions of raw data. Instead, only meta
data will be transmitted (data about the data). Reducing the number of transmissions among IoT devices is also very
important in order to avoid latency issues and saturation of the wireless channels.

2.6.2 Big data

The IoT-generated data come in big amounts, are variable in termsof structure, often arrive at real-time.This volume,
velocity (not to mention variable veracity) make the storing and analytics solution, which will generate useful
insights.The IoT Cloud will enable the long-time storage and complex analysis of this data. The challenge of
handling big data is a critical one, since the overallperformance is proportional to the properties of the data
management service. However, to date there is no simple answer to the big data management question in Cloud.

2.6.3 Networking
Networking protocols for Internet of Things solutions can be divided in smart device networks and traditional
networks that are designedprimarily for high data rates.Smart home networking protocols are expected to adopt the
protocolsestablished in Wireless Sensor Networks and Machine-to-Machine communications, with no clear winner
[7].

2.6.4 Security and privacy

One of the most important issues of the emergent requirementsfacing the smart grid development is related to cyber
security. The smart grid can be a target for cyber terrorists, which emerges as a critical concern for system designers.
Because of the way in which data is transmitted, Different approaches that provide security lightweight crypto-
primitives should be investigated in order to provide authenticity integrity and confidentiality.

3. Conclusion and Future Scope

This paper addresses the vision that the residential buildings would shift themselves toward modern households that
would be an evolution of the passive household. They would have their own solar panelsand small wind turbines to
produce their own energy, thus they would be able to buy/sell energy from/to the smart power grid. As it isexpected
for smart objects to become omnipresent on the market and respectively in consumers' households within the next
few years, the need for IoT-based services for smart home will be inevitable. In this paper, a methodology is
developed using different search queries to select the most relevant papers from the literature that address this topic.
Selected papers were semantically divided into two main categories: WSN solutions and IoT concepts. This was
rather expected considering that WSN is the pivotal technology which enabledthe development of IoT . This paper
explored the concept of Smart Home through integrating IoT with Web services and Cloud computing. Our
approach consisted of embedding intelligence into sensors andactuators using Arduino platform facilitating
interactions with smartthings using Cloud services for easy access in different locations, and improving data
exchange efficiency using JSON notation. The approach was successfully used for demonstrating services for
measuring home conditions, monitoring homeappliances. The infrastructure can be adopted or adapted to other
applications.

4. References
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Smart Phone .” International Journal of Internet Of Things2013,2(2):5-11 DOI:10.5923/j.ijit.20130201.02

2. Moataz Soliman1, Tobi Abiodun1, Tarek Hamouda1, Jiehan Zhou1,2, Chung-Horng Lung1, “Smart Home:
Integrating Internet of Things with Web Services and Cloud Computing”2013 IEEE International
Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science

3. Biljana L. Risteska Stojkoska∗, Kire V. Trivodaliev,A review of Internet of Things for smart home:
Challenges and solutions

4. “IOT Based Smart Security and Smart Home Automation”,International Journal of Engineering Research
& Technology (IJERT),Vol. 7 Issue 04, April-2018

5. IoT based smart security and home automation system,Conference Paper · April 2016,DOI:
10.1109/CCAA.2016.7813916

6. Shih-Pang Tseng, Bo-Rong Li, Jun-Long Pan, and ChiaJuLin,”An Application of Internet of Things with
Motion Sensing on Smart House“, 978-1-4799-6284-6/14 c ⃝ 2014 IEEE.

7. B. Muralikrishna, Narasimaha Nayak, Ravi Kishore Reddy, B.Rakesh,P. Manojkumar,N.Sandhya,

“Bluetooth based Wireless home automation system using FPGA”, Journal of Theoretical and Applied
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