AUTO ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER THROUGH UNO

ARDUINO USING PIR SENSOR

(Project report SMESTER FALL 2018)
Submission Date (October 4, 2018)
BY
SAFF E AWAL AKHTAR
16341510-029
PHYS-308 (Lab-V)
BS-Physics Section A
MR. Bilal Tahir
Department of Physics

UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT
Session (2016-2020)
 1. Abstract

Objective

In this project we designed a circuit using motion sensor (PIR) and arduino UNO board, this
circuit senses any motion in the environment and turns the light ON or any other electrical
component attached to it. PIR will sense the heat, humidity and other factors and send the signal
in which we have configured according to our project, the arduino will carry the command and
turn the light ON or OFF, the relay board is used as a switch as arduino cannot control high
voltages.
Motivation
The motivation for this project was to design something that would be beneficial and not
something based on a tutorial. Considering the energy crisis we are facing in country it is
important to take measures to save energy and optimize this process. To put this motivation in
practical we designed this project so that we can save energy and control the light. This will help
in better management of our energy, and can be modified to implement as a home security alarm
in garages, in industries.
2. Introduction

Energy efficiency is the most important point now a days. The energy crisis are growing day by
day, and people are working on finding new techniques about smart way to utilize electrical
energy. A lot energy is used in lighting, such as in homes, business, agriculture and many more.
In these industries a lot of energy is wasted or not used in a smart way. We built a very small
project to optimize the saving of energy through controlling our room light. Our project is a
controlling system, what a controlling system does is provide an intelligent way to control light
we are using passive infrared sensors. This project will use an occupancy sensors, microcontroller
and relay board.[1]

Occupancy sensors are light controller that detects occupancy of a space by people and turns the
lights on or off automatically using infrared or ultrasonic technology. Occupancy sensors are
typically used to save energy, provide automatic control, and comply with building codes. When
occupancy in a given space is predictable, switching can often be scheduled using simple devices
such as time-clocks and timer-switches to save energy.[3] When occupancy is not predictable,
then switching can be automated using occupancy sensors. Occupancy sensors detect when a
space is occupied or unoccupied and turn the lights on or off automatically after a short period of
time to save energy. Depending on the characteristics of the space to be controlled, energy
savings as high as 90% can be realized through use of occupancy sensors.[2]
Passive infrared sensors detect the change of temperature in their environment. They use
polyelectric material to detect temperature. Their sensitivity depends on the distance between the
object to be detected and sensor. They are called passive sensors since they don’t emit any
energy, they detect in result of radian emitted by detected body.[4]

3. Components Required

(A) Component detail

(a) Arduino board (UNO)
(b) Relay module of 5v
(c) Sensor module (PIR)
(d) Resistors of different types
(e) LCD screen (16x2)
(f) Connecting Wires
(g) Bread Board
(h) LED’s
(i) Transistor(BC547)

(a) Arduino development board

Arduino boards are electrical system on which many small electronic components are
embedded such as LCD, micro controller, and PIR sensors etc. There is specific coding
of Arduino according to each project

Fi-01 Figure 01 :Arduino system

Adriansyah, A., & Dani, A. W. “Design of small smart home system based on Arduino.
In Electrical Power, Electronics, Communications, Controls and Informatics
Seminar” (EECCIS), 121-125 2014 

a) PIR sensors
These sensors are used to sense or detect the motion of object. When a person
enters the room this sensor detect/measure the motion of that person and would
turn on the light automatically.

Figure 2: PIR sensor with Arduino

Chattoraj, S. Smart “Home Automation based on different sensors and

Arduino as the master controller”. International Journal of Scientific and
 Research Publications, Volume 5, 1-4 (2015)

These sensors contain two components one is fresenellense which is used to enhance the
range of detection of object to about 100ft and other is pyroelectric circuit which is used
to provide the voltage. When a person or animal enters the room there are much amount
of IR radiations through which sensor detect the person and light will turn on or off
automatically.[5]
When both components are exposed to detection region there will be no change in output
due to cancellation effect but when one component is exposed to surface it intercepts the
positive half cycle and we get a signal when a warm body enters the room. But if
someone leaves the room the effect reverses and light will turn off automatically.[4]
(b) Relay module(5v)
Relay module work for trigger voltage and consists of different IC’s resistors and
transistors. A relay module is simple electronic switch which is basically used to isolate
the circuits.

Figure 3 relay module system

Adriansyah, A., & Dani, A. W. (2014, August). Design of small smart home
system based on Arduino. In Electrical Power, Electronics, Communications,
Controls and Informatics Seminar (EECCIS), ( 121-125) 2014 . IEEE

Procedure
 The PIR sensor has three pins
1. VCC

2. GND

3. OUT

We have powered the PIR sensor using he 5V Rail of the Arduino. The output pin of the PIR
Sensor is connected to the 4thdigital pin.Then, you have to wire the ''GND'' to the Arduino's
''GND''.

In this project, we use relay for controlling AC light because the Arduino cannot control high
volt, but a relay can do this job, which is the sole design of it. So we are using relay as switch to
control high power devices.

There are two ways to assembly the relay connection

1. NC = Normally Closed Connection

2. NO = Normally Open Connection.

so you have to wire the relay's ''OUT'' to the 8th digital pin of the arduino UNO.Then the relay's
''GND'' to the arduino's ''GND'' and ''VCC'' to the ''VCC''.

5. Discussion

The main purpose of this project is to make an automatic control system for lighting which is of
low cost and more consistent. As it is much easy to approach and make this project within the
low cost, than that different controlling system even at market level. The idea of this project also
meet the difficulties of setting of positioning system of PIR sensor used. Where there are a lot of
benefits of this project also there are some harms for example it works only when one person
enters and cross over the rays of the sensor at a time but at the same time we can’t use it when
two or more persons passes at the same time. We also have to close the switch physically when
anybody is present inside the room and want to turn the light off. Moreover it also minimize the
wastage of electricity and that is the major motivation of this project. Hence it can be said that
this project is physically suitable at normal level practically.
4. Applications

We use auto light room controller for different kind of appliances in our daily life. For example
we can use it in a digital automatic sliding door with a room light controller system. Likewise it
include more applications such as auto light intensity controller by external light sensor using pir
,accurate room temperature controller project ,auto billing mall shopping cart 8051 ,a home
automation model project with different operation modes which can be controlled also by a
mobile application. In addition comparator as a night switch also uses the same phenomenon.

5. Conclusion
We are succeed in making the automatic room light controller by using ardiuno.

[1] ul Haq, M. A., Hassan, M. Y, Abdullah, H., Rahman, H. A., Abdullah, M. P., Hussin, & Said, D.
M ; A review on lighting control technologies in commercial buildings, their performance and
affecting factors; Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 268-279. (2014).

[2] .Sarkar, W. S & Rijvi, FDesign and Implementation of Smart Home Security System with
Arduino Based Password Protection (Doctoral dissertation, East West University) (2016).

[3].David, N., Chima, A., Ugochukwu, A., & Obinna, E “Design of a home automation system using
arduino” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 795-801 (2015).

[4] .Mumtaz, Z., Ullah, S., Ilyas, Aslam, N., Iqbal, Liu & Madni; “An Automation System for
Controlling Streetlights and Monitoring Objects Using Arduino.Sensors,” International Journal of
Scientific & Engineering Research “ 31-78. (2018).

[5] Yun, J., & Lee, S. S. “Human movement detection and identification using pyroelectric
infrared sensors. Sensors”,8057-8081. (2014).