Iot based control and monitoring of

smart grid and power theft detection

by locating area
OBJECTIVE

 This work presents design and execution of real time

monitoring and fault detection of transformer and
record key operation indictors of a dispersion
transformer like load current, voltage, transformer oil
and encompassing temperatures and humidity.
INTRO…
o Distribution Transformers have a long life if they are
operated under appraised conditions. However, their life
is essentially decreased if they are overloaded, resulting
in unexpected failures and loss of supply to an expansive
number of customers hence affecting system
unwavering quality.
o Overloading and ineffective cooling of transformers are
the major significant reasons for failure in distribution
transformers. Most power companies use Supervisory
Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system for web-
based monitoring of power transformers yet amplifying
the SCADA system for online monitoring of distribution
transformers is an a costly
BLOCK DIAGRAM
HARDWARE COMPONENTS

Transformers

Regulated Power supply

Arduino UNO

Relay

Sensors
Description of Components
Transformers –

Transformer is a static device which consist of two or more stationary electric

o

circuit interlinked by a common magnetic circuit for the purpose of transferring

electrical energy between them.

oThe transfer of energy from one circuit to another takes place without change
in frequency.

o In this project we are using 2 transformer- main & slave

transformers.

o Rating of both the transformers- 230/12v & 3A.

o Both transformers of same rating are connected in parallel through a
relay.
 Regulated power supply-

o A regulated power supply is embedded circuit, the function of which is to

supply a stable voltage.

o The output is dc(direct current). This

regulated output is supplied to comparator IC.

o To make Regulated power supply we use-

- Diodes
-Capacitors(4700µF&25v)
-IC 7805 voltage regulator.
oTransformer- steps down high voltage AC mains to low voltage
AC.

oRectifier - converts AC to DC, but the DC output is varying.

oFilter- smooths the DC from varying greatly to a small ripple.

oRegulator - eliminates ripple by setting DC output to a fixed voltage.

Voltage Sensing:

Voltage Sensing consist of 230V AC input supply. As

microcontroller atmega16 can operates up to or less than
5V. Therefore, after 230V AC supply there is 230V/6V step
down transformer is used and then rectified by rectifier
circuit to change 6V AC into 6V DC. As we need less than
5V after these there is a voltage divider circuit is
implemented to drop the voltage at certain level. So that
the microcontroller can read the input side of main
transformer.
Current Sensing:

 The Allegro ACS712 provides [3] economical and precise

Solutions for AC or DC current sensing in industrial,
commercial, and communications systems. Typical
applications include motor control, load detection and
power theft, switch mode Power supplies and overcurrent
fault protectio.
ARDUINO UNO

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the

ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins
(of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs,
a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power
jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply
connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with
a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
 Relay-

o A relay is an electrically operated switch.

o Relays allow one circuit to switch a second circuit which

can be completely separate from the first.

o In this project we are using electromagnetic relay

consists of a multi-turn coil, wound on an iron core, to
form electromagnet.  When the coil is energised, by
passing current through it, the core becomes
temporarily magnetised. The magnetised core attracts
the iron armature.
Advantages

1. On-line monitoring and diagnosis of transformers

2.Transformer failure can be timely warning

3.It reduce the operation and maintenance cost

4.safety and stability of power grid.

Applications

1. Power generation & distribution system.

2. Process Industry.

3. Protection from overloading of transformers.

4. Uninterrupted power supply.

 THANK YOU
Members of group-