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AI Mini Project
AI Mini Project
Group Members:
Sr. No. Name Roll Number
1 Gavin Pereira 47
2 Shruti Shelar 61
3 Aveesah Siddiqui 63
Story:
(a) Emily was a woman.
(b) Emily was a scientist.
(c) All women are individuals.
(d) Einstein was a physicist.
(e) All scientists either admired Einstein or disagreed with him (or both).
(f) Everyone admires someone.
(g) Individuals only criticize physicists they do not admire.
(h) Emily criticized Einstein.
Proof:
Step 1: Represent the statements in first-order logic:
(a) Emily was a woman
woman(Emily)
(e) All scientists either admired Einstein or disagreed with him (or both).
∀x scientist(x) → (admired(x, Einstein) ∨ disagreed(x, Einstein))
(f) Everyone admires someone.
∀x∃y admired(x, y)
(e) All scientists either admired Einstein or disagreed with him (or both).
∀x ¬ scientist(x) ∨ (admired(x, Einstein) ∨ disagreed(x, Einstein))
(e) All scientists either admired Einstein or disagreed with him (or both).
∀x ¬ scientist(x) ∨ (admired(x, Einstein) ∨ disagreed(x, Einstein))
(e) All scientists either admired Einstein or disagreed with him (or both).
∀x ¬ scientist(x) ∨ (admired(x, Einstein) ∨ disagreed(x, Einstein))
(e) All scientists either admired Einstein or disagreed with him (or both).
∀y ¬ scientist(y) ∨ (admired(y, Einstein) ∨ disagreed(y, Einstein))
(g) ¬ admired(a, b)
admired(Emily, Einstein)
{Emily/a , Einstein/b}
Now, we have derived ¬criticize(Emily, Einstein)). This contradicts clause (h), which states
criticize(Emily, Einstein). Since Emily criticized Einstein, this leads to a contradiction.
Therefore, our original assumption that Emily did not disagree with Einstein (¬disagreed(Emily,
Einstein)) must be false.
Thus, we can conclude that Emily did indeed disagree with Einstein: disagreed(Emily, Einstein).