Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
In today’s world due to large scale construction, a lot of trees are being cut but they are
not being discarded properly. The clearance of land requires cutting trees and transporting them
away from the site where they were cut to the place where they can be used. This also brings
with it a lot of challenges of transporting as it involves a number of trees to be shifted away.
This poses a challenge as it is important to reduce the cost of transportation.

The machine proposed by us does the job of cutting or splitting the wood into smaller
logs thereby allowing easier transportation. Along with this it can also be used in farms or any
other place where trees are felled and are transported.

Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and
other woody plants. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibres that are
strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin that resists compression. Wood is
sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees,[1] or it is defined more
broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs. In
a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up
by them.

Wood is one of the earth’s most versatile and probably most familiar natural raw
material and the important role it plays in our daily lives often goes unnoticed. Each day
millions of people around the world derive their livelihoods working with wood. The quality
of our lives has been greatly enhanced because of this wonderful resource.

Its myriad of uses is staggering. Wood, in its easy to recognise natural state provides us
with furniture, building components, musical instruments, sporting equipment, household
utensils, etc. In its altered (processed) form its role is not so obvious, yet it is there, under the
guise of paper, fabric, glue, alcohol, rubber, food medicine, etc.

In many developing countries fuelwood is the major source of energy, supplying as much as
97% of total consumption. Already millions of people in Africa experience dreadful hardship
on a daily basis in their search for fuelwood just to boil water to render it suitable for drinking.

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

1.1 Uses of Wood:

Fig: 1. Harvesting fuel wood Fig:2. Percentage usage of fuelwood by different countries

1. Wood has a long history of being used as fuel, which continues to this day, mostly in
rural areas of the world.Almost two third of the world population cooks and heats on
from wood or charcoal. In fact, wood is more important as an energy source than oil for
the biggest part of humanity.

Fig: 3.Wood used in construction

2. Wood has been an important construction material since humans began building
shelters, houses and boats. Nearly all boats were made out of wood until the late 19th
century, and wood remains in common use today in boat construction. Elm in particular
was used for this purpose as it resisted decay as long as it was kept wet (it also served
for water pipe before the advent of more modern plumbing).

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

Fig:4. Wood for making floor

3. A solid wood floor is floor laid with planks or battens which have been created from a
single piece of timber, usually a hardwood. Wood flooring is the most beautiful,
economical, environmentally friendly, and easy to care for material you can choose for
your home.

Wood offers enduring beauty that will last a lifetime and beyond. It never goes out of
style and goes well with any décor. It's simple to keep clean and care for and it won't
trap dust and mites or contribute to indoor air quality problems.

Fig: 5.Wooden support structures

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

4. Solid hardwood floors were originally used for structural purposes, being installed
perpendicular to the wooden support beams of a building (the joists or bearers) and
solid construction timber is still often used for sports floors as well as most traditional
wood blocks, mosaics and parquetry.

Fig: 6. Wooden products

5. Engineered wood products, glued building products "engineered" for application-

specific performance requirements, are often used in construction and industrial
applications. Glued engineered wood products are manufactured by bonding together
wood strands, veneers, lumber or other forms of wood fiber with glue to form a larger,
more efficient composite structural unit.

Fig: 7. Wooden furniture

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

6. Wood has always been used extensively for furniture, such as chairs and beds. It is
also used for tool handles and cutlery, such as chopsticks, toothpicks, and other
utensils, like the wooden spoon.

1.2 Methods of harvesting wood:

Fig:8. Hand felling

`
Fig: 9. Feller buncher

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

1.Hand felling: In hand felling, an axe, saw, or chainsaw is used to fell a tree, followed up
by limbing, bucking in traditional applications. In the modern commercial logging
industry, felling is typically followed by limbing and skidding.

2. Feller buncher: A feller-buncher is a motorized vehicle with an attachment which

rapidly cuts and gathers several trees in the process of felling them.

1.3 Need for a better machine for harvesting:

We see that these processes are inadequate or not suitable in majority of the rural areas.
Manual process of felling takes too much of time whereas arranging for a feller buncher
might not be possible everywhere especially with tribal people who survive only on wood
as one of the major sources of energy.

Also log splitting is required to transport wood from the forests to mills and if the trees are
cut in the form of logs, they can be stacked together and transported in river streams which
is one of the major sources of log transport along with railways both of which will be well
facilitated if the trees are in the form of logs.

This gives us the idea to make a machine which reduces the effort required to cut
wood and at the same time can be transported to remote places (with power supply) to allow
the harvester to cut and transport wood with ease.

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY
Before starting the project it was necessary to study the current systems available in the
market for wood cutting and to study their limitations. A deep study was made on the different
machines available in the market and the objective of the project was laid.

The different types of equipment available in the market are classified as shown:

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

Fig:10Wood cutting and drilling mechanism using sewing machine

Vangari Pramod, Khambaskar Purushottam fabricated Wood Cutting And Drilling

Mechanism Using Sewing Machine [1]. It consist of shaft, bevel gear, bearings, cutter, drill
bit, rope etc. sewing machine used for cutting and drilling on wood material. In this machine
pedal system is connected to driver (bigger wheel of machine) of sewing machine. This driver
is connected to driven (smaller wheel of machine) with the help of rope. A horizontal shaft is
connected to driven for cutting the wood. When the driver pedals the m/c the driver rotates
causing the driven wheel to rotate and also the shaft which is attached to cutter on one side and
a bevel gear and drill bit on the other.

Fig: 11. Non dust paper wood cutter

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

M. Venkatesh, S. Vetrivel and Srinivasan made a Non Dust Paper Wood Cutter [2].It
involves the use chart paper as a cutter, to provide it stiffness two layers are used with small
diameter(100mm) and also a motor gives it high speed. However it could cut only 25mm thick
wood pieces.

Fig: 12. Human powered wood cutting machine

Mr.Sushil Dopekar,Asst. Prof.Zoeb Khan fabricated Human Powered Wood Cutting

Machine[3].This m/c involves the use of human powered bicycle where the power from the
pedal is directly given by chain transmission to a smaller sprocket/cutter mounted at the bottom
of the base such that it is out sufficiently to enable cutting.

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

Fig: 13. Machine performing multiple wood working operations

Ravi teggina, Shivanand Kavadimatti and Shashank Hebbal manufactured a Machine

Performing Multiple Wood Working Operations [4].This machine consists of a number of
shafts each having its own tool and it can perform cutting, drilling and planning operations.
Power is supplied via a 3 phase motor to the main shaft from where it is given to the other
shafts. Pulleys are attached to the shafts to drive the cutter and the size depends on speed
required. This machine can perform the three operations mentioned above.

Fig: 14. Design & development of metal/wood cutting tool by using solar energy:

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

Raveendran Pattanaik, Sunil Vasudev, Kamlesh Puri Design & Development Of

Metal/Wood Cutting Tool By Using Solar Energy [5]. In this paper, a scheme is proposed
which uses solar energy to generate electricity and that electricity is used to drive the motor
which is connected to hacksaw blade. Hence, use of renewable energy sources is proposed
here. The solar power stores the energy to a battery and then runs the motor. This machine also
uses a hacksaw blade to cut wood. A solar charge controller regulates the voltage and current
coming from solar panels which is placed between a solar panel and a battery. It is used to
maintain the proper charging voltage on the batteries. As the input voltage from the solar panel
rises, the charge controller regulates the charge to the batteries preventing any overcharging.
An Arduino board consists of an Atmel 8, 16 or 32-bit AVR microcontroller with
complementary components that facilitate programming and incorporation into other circuits.
The microcontroller is used to control the cutting parameters like the cutting speed, feed etc.

2.1 Problem Identification

Fig:15. Stacked branches of trees in the college

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

The machines mentioned above are not suitable for cutting large pieces of wood into smaller
logs which could be transported quickly to the mills, and the lack of transporting the machine
to the required location where wood cutting had to be performed was not possible.

2.2 Project Objectives

Keeping this in mind we designed a machine which could:

1. Cutting large pieces of wood and simplifying wooden log splitting and harvesting.
This would allow harvesters/farmers to cut large pieces of wood in shorter time and at
the same time allow them to cut the log in the required shape up to a certain extent.
2. Be transported to the desired location where wood cutting is required. The machine
can also be used to carry wooden logs to the places required using animal power or
manually.
3. Effort required to cut trees into smaller logs for transportation was reduced
significantly. The farmer/ harvester could increase his efficiency which would also
means increase in profits or other benefits associated with wood.

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

Fig16The setup

 The components required in constructing wood cutting machine are

3.1 Motor

Construction Of Three Phase Induction

The three phase induction motor is the most widely used electrical motor. Almost 80% of the
mechanical power used by industries is provided by three phase induction motors because of
its simple and rugged construction, low cost, good operating characteristics, absence of
commutator and good speed regulation. In three phase induction motor the power is transferred
from stator to rotor winding through induction. The induction motor is also called
a synchronous motor as it runs at a speed other than the synchronous speed. Like any other
electrical motor induction motor also have two main parts namely rotor and stator.

1. Stator: As its name indicates stator is a stationary part of induction motor. A stator
winding is placed in the stator of induction motor and the three phase supply is given
to it.

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2. Rotor: the rotor is a rotating part of induction motor. The rotor is connected to the
mechanical load through the shaft.

The other parts, which are required to complete the induction motor, are:
1. Shaft for transmitting the torque to the load. This shaft is made up of steel.
2. Bearings for supporting the rotating shaft.
3. One of the problems with electrical motor is the production of heat during its rotation.
In order to overcome this problem we need a fan for cooling.
4. For receiving external electrical connection terminal box in needed.
5. There is a small distance between rotor and stator which usually varies from 0.4mm to
4mm. such a small distance is called air gap.

Stator of three phase induction motor

The stator of three phase induction motor consists of three main parts:
1. Stator frame
2. Stator core
3. Stator winding or field winding.

Stator frame:

Fig 17.Stator Frame

It is the outer most part of the three phase induction motor. Its main function is to support the
stator core and the field winding. It acts as a covering and it provides protection and mechanical
strength to all the inner parts of the induction motor. The frame is either made up of die cast or
fabricated steel. The frame of three phase induction motor should be very strong and rigid as

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

the air gap length of three phase induction motor is very small, otherwise the rotor will remain
concentric with stator, which will give rise to unbalanced magnetic pull.

Stator core:

Fig 18. Stator Core

The main function of the stator core is to carry the alternating flux. In order to reduce the eddy
current loss, the stator core is laminated. These laminated types of structure are made up of
stamping which is about 0.4 to 0.5mm thick. All the stamping are stamped together to for stator
core, which is then housed in stator frame. The stamping is generally made up of silicon steel,
which helps to reduce the hysteresis loss occurring in motor.

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

Stator winding or field winding:

Fig:19 stator winding

The slots on the periphery of stator core of the three phase induction motor carries three phase
windings. The three phases of the windings are connected either in star or delta depending upon
which type of starting method is used. The squirrel cage of motor is mostly started by star delta
starter and hence the stator of squirrel cage motor is delta connected. The slip ring three phase
induction motor are started by inserting resistances so, the stator winding of slip ring induction
motor can be connected either in star or delta. The winding wound on the stator of three phase
induction motor is also called field winding and when excited by three phase ac supply it
produces a rotating magnetic field.

Principle and working

When 3 phase supply is given to the motor, the resulting current generates a magnetic flux “Ø”.

Due to the switching sequence of 3 phase current in R, Y, and B, the generated flux rotates
around the rotor conductor.

According to Faraday’s law which states that –“an emf induced in any closed circuit is due to
the rate of change of magnetic flux through the circuit”.

Emf is induced in the Copper bar and due to this, current flows in the rotor. The direction of
rotor can be given by Lenz law which states that – “the direction of induced current will be in
the opposite of the motion causing it”

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

Here the relative velocity between the rotating flux and static rotor conductor is the cause of
current generation; hence the rotor will rotate in the same direction to reduce the cause i.e. the
relative velocity, thus rotating the rotor of the induction motor.

Specifications

Fig:20. 3phase AC Motor

Table 1: Motor specifications

Phase 3
Power 2HP
RPM 960
Frequency 50Hz
Mounting Foot

Reasons:
 AC power supply available easily at single phase.
 No charging of batteries required.
 Good for fixed speed applications in our case.
 Does not require a controller thereby saving cost.
 Foot mounting is used as it can be mounted on the frame upright.

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 Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

3.2 Gear box:

Worm Gears

Fig:21. worm gear

Worm gears are used in applications where large gear reductions, torque, and braking are
necessary. Some of the more favourable features of worm drives are that they achieve high
ratios in a single reduction, ability to handle shock loads and low noise;
One advantage that makes worm drives desirable over other gearboxes is that they have
relatively few moving parts in high reduction ratios, simply two shafts – input and output –
supported by four bearings.
Pros:
 Ease of maintenance
 Low noise properties
 Handles large reductions
 Large shock load capability
 High thermal capacity
Cons:
 Moderate Efficiency
 Large package in design

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 Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

 Relatively expensive to manufacture

Specifications:

Fig:22. Worm gear box

Type-Worm Gear(Under driven)
Ratio-50:1
Cost- Rs. 6500
Shaft diameter-40mm
Reasons:
 Worm gears are more efficient than helical gears because gear trains have sliding
contact between the teeth which produces axial thrust of gear shafts and produce more
heat.
 Also spur gears are easy to manufacture.
 Cost of a helical gear of the same ratio is Rs. 10000.

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

3.3 Frame & Linkages:

Slider-crank mechanism:

Fig :23. Single slider crank mechanism

It is an arrangement of mechanical parts designed to convert straight-line motion to rotary

motion, as in a reciprocating piston engine, or to convert rotary motion to straight-line motion,
as in a reciprocating piston pump. Attached to the end of the crank by a pivot is a rod, usually
called a connecting rod (conrod). The end of the rod attached to the crank moves in a circular
motion, while the other end is usually constrained to move in a linear sliding motion.

Examples include:

1. Manually operated car window.

2. Crankshaft and connecting rod used in IC engines.
3. Mechanical pencil sharpener

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

Fig 24: Frame design

Specifications:
 Crank-200mm
 Connecting rod-620mm
 Quick return ratio-0.914
 Stroke length-360mm
 Frame material-Steel
 Total length- 120-140cm
 Axe CI/ Forged Steel

Reasons-
Steel is lighter than CI thereby enhancing the portability. CI is prone to flowing i.e.
deforming under long term loads. As the density of Al is less it requires a long frame
for the same criteria, hence it is not used. Also steel is relatively cheaper.
Forging is preferred to make the axe as it produces stronger parts as compared to a
cast/machined part.

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

3.4 Belts and pulleys:

We use V Belts for power transmission because of the following reasons

 Compact due to small distance between the centre pulleys.
 Drive is positive because of no slip between the belt and the pulley.
 It can be easily installed and removed.
 It operates quietly.
 A maximum velocity ratio of 10 can be obtained.
 Cost Rs. 200/m

Pulleys

Fig:25. Pulley

 Motor d1=65cm
 Gear box d2=125cm

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

3.5 Wheels and shaft

Fig:26 Tyres

We use Maruti 800 tyres as they were available at a reasonable cost.

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CHAPTER 4
DESIGN OF COMPONENTS
4.1 Motor & Gear box rpm
Motor rpm n1 =960
Power =2HP =2*746w =1492W
Ϣ(omega)=2*pi*N/60 = 2*pi*960/60 = 100.53 rad/s
Power = torque * omega(ϣ)
1492 = T * 100.53
T=14.84 Nm

Calculation for rpm required

Diameter of pulley 1(gear box) P1= 65mm
Diameter of pulley 2(motor)= 125mm
Thickness of belt t = 10mm
N1/n2 = (d2+t)/(d1+t)*(1-s/100)
Assuming slip of 5%
960/n2 = (125+10)/(65+10)*1-5/100)
N2 = 506 this is input for gear box
Gear box reduction ratio = 1:50
Gear box output = 10 rpm

Gear box input torque

P = 2*pi*N*T/60
T = 28.15 N-m
GB output torque = GB input torque * 50
= 28.15 * 50 = 1407 N-m
T=F*r
F = 1407/.255 = 5517.64 N

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

Force required to cut wood

Tensile strength of wood= 6.2N/mm2
F=τ*perimeter
F= 0.62* 0.1/2*0.101*10^6
=3131.1N

4.2 Frame and linkages calculation:

α
r l
θ

Fig:27. Single Slider Crank Mechanism( Diagram)

Theoretical:

x= Total distance(m)

l=Length of connecting rod(m)

r=Crank length(m)

θ=Angle made by the crank with horizontal

α=Angle between crank and connecting rod

r2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2θ 620
1.) x= [l - 4𝑙 ] + r[cosθ + ] tanθ=200
4𝑛

2002 cos⁡(2∗72.12)
x= [620 - 4∗620] + 200[cos72.12 + 620 ] θ= 72.12°
4∗
200

x= 652.18 mm, α =90° [assume for a=amax]

𝑠𝑖𝑛2θ
2.) v= rw [sinθ + ]
2𝑛

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

2𝜋∗10 𝑠𝑖𝑛144.24
v= [200 ] [sin 72.12 + 620 ]
60 2∗
200

v= 0.20944*[1.0459]

v=.219m/s

v=219 mm/s

𝑐𝑜𝑠2θ
3.) a= rw2 [cosθ + ]
2𝑛

2𝜋∗10 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠144.24
a= .2*( ) [cos72.12 + 620 ]
60 2∗
200

a= .2913( .176)

a= .0386m/s2

a= 386 mm/s2

4.) F= ma [mass of slider 0.3kg]

F= .3* .0386

F= .01153N

Total force generated = 5550N

tcutting 360−α
5.) Time ratio= =
treturn α

𝑐𝑜𝑠α 𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ .2
= 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = .62
2

α= 71.18°

𝑐𝑜𝑠α
= .813
2
𝑡𝑐 360−71.18
= = 4.05
𝑡𝑟 71.18

60
tc +tr = 14 = 4.28𝑠

5.05 tr =5

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

tc= 3.321s

tr=.82s

Stroke length= v* t c

=.219*3.321

= 0.697m

=697.4mm

Actual:
r2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2θ 620
1) x= [l - 4𝑙 ] + r[cosθ + ] tanθ=200
4𝑛

1802 cos⁡(2∗72.12)
x= [670 - 4∗670] + 180[cos72.12 + 620 ] θ= 72.12°
4∗
200

x= 703.12 mm α =90° [assume for a=amax]

𝑠𝑖𝑛2θ
2.) v= rw [sinθ + ]
2𝑛

2𝜋∗9 𝑠𝑖𝑛144.24
v= [180 ] [sin 72.12 + 670 ]
60 2∗
180

v=.1765m/s

v=176.5 mm/s

𝑐𝑜𝑠2θ
3.) a= rw2 [cosθ + ]
2𝑛

2𝜋∗9 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠144.24
a= .18*( ) [cos72.12 + 620 ]
60 2∗
200

a= .0351m/s2

a= 35.1mm/s2

4.) F= ma mass of slider 0.3kg

F= .3* .0351*9.81

F= .103N

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

Total force generated = 5550N

tcutting 360−α
Time ratio= =
treturn α

𝑐𝑜𝑠α 𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ .2
= 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = .62
2

α= 71.18°

𝑐𝑜𝑠α
= .813
2

5.) Time ratio:

𝑡𝑐 360−71.18
= = 4.05
𝑡𝑟 71.18

60
tc +tr = = 7.5𝑠
8

5.05 tr =7.5

tc= 1.51s

tr=6.11s

Stroke length= v* t c

=0.1765*1.51

= 0.267m

=267mm

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4.3 Design Of Shafts for Wheels

300mm

615 mm

Diameter of shaft=50mm
Mass of the gear box and motor, m1=7+3.5kg

Weight of the gear box and motor, W1=10.5*9.81N

= 103.05N

Mass of the Channel along with Connecting rod, crank and supports, m2=30kgs

Weight, W2=30*9.81N

=294.3N

Total weight=397.35N

As per bending moment equation:

M=Maximum bending moment

σ = Bending stress

I = Moment of inertia

y= Distance from neutral axis

𝑀 𝜎
=
𝐼 𝑦

𝜎∗𝐼
𝑦

Support reactions:

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

Applying summation of moments about A:

(RB*0.7)-(200*0.5)-(200*0.2)=0

RB=200N

RA=200N

Mmax=200*0.3=60N

σ= (60*0.025)/(π*0.054/64)

=4.89*106N

4.89Mpa

σy=324Mpa for steel

Considering an FOS of 2.5,

σallowable= 129.6Mpa

Thus we see that σmax<σallowable

Hence the design is safe.

Since the induced stress (4.89Mpa) is lesser than the allowable stress (129.6Mpa) the
design is safe.

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CHAPTER 5

VIBRATIONAL ANALYSIS OF FRAME

Mass= Density*Volume

Density of MS (mild steel)= 7850 kg/m3

M = .174 *(.075 + (.035*2))* 2 *10-3

M = 3.96 kg

For length .990 m

M=.99*(.075+(.035*2))*2*10-3*7850 =2.25 kg

Motor support 100 mm channel

M= 7850*(.1+.1)*4*10-3*0.365*2 =4.58 kg

Gear base

7850*(.1+.1)*.255=4.8 kg

Total mass of frame =15.59 kg

1 48𝐸𝐼 𝐵𝑐1 3 −𝑏ℎ 3 +𝑎𝑐2 3

F= 2𝜋 √𝐾/𝑚 K= I=
𝑙3 3

48∗2∗105 ∗172691.2∗2 75∗17.53 −71∗15.53 +71∗17.53

K= =
17403 3

K= 629.39 N-mm I= 172691.2mm4

1
f= 2𝜋 √629.39/15.59

F=1/2π(k/m)1/2 k=f/ρ

Max deflection ρ = 1/48 F *L3 /E*I

Ρ =15.59 *9.81 17403/48*172691.2*2*105 =.243

f = 1/2*3.14 (9.81/.243)1/2 =1.011 Hz

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

Here we observed that the frequency of the vibrations induced was high so we decided
toincrease the support with two 100 mm channels.

Thus,

Weight increased =15.59 +4.58 kg =20.17 kg

48∗2∗105 ∗415406.2∗2 100∗18.253 −91∗14.253 +92∗18.253

K= I=
17403 3

K= 529.95 N-mm I= 415406.2mm4

1
f= 2𝜋 √529.95/20.17

f= .81 Hz

Where K= stiffness of material in N-mm

I= moment of inertia in mm4
E= modulus of elasticity = 2*105 N/mm2
The problem of vibrations of the channel was thus solved with the help of the two
additional supports.

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

CHAPTER 6

WORKING

Fig.28: working

Once the power supply is switched on the motor starts running and power is transmitted from
the smaller pulley to the larger one. Here reduction of speed takes place from 960 to 500 rpm.
This is the input speed to the gear box which then reduces it to the required speed of 10 rpm as
it has a reduction ratio of 50:1. This is the speed with which the stroke is completed. The crank
is driven by the motor which rotates the connecting rod, this rotary motion is transmitted into
translatory motion of the slider which slides along the channel.

As it slides, it converts the kinetic energy into the energy required for cutting wood.
The wood is pushed by the slider against the axe which has been grinded such that it is able to
split the wood into 2 halves. The split pieces wood come out after passing through the axe.

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

CHAPTER 7

COSTS INCURRED

Table:1 Costing

Particulars Description Cost(rs)

Direct material cost MS ‘C’ channel(30kg) 1800

Axe 400
Axle(10kg) 600
Motor(2hp 3phase) 4000
Gear box(1:50) 8000

Direct labour cost Cutting, Grinding,Welding 3500

Other expenses Spray painting 500

Transportation 400
Miscellaneous 600

Total 22000

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

CHAPTER 8

Results &Discussions
Table 2: Results

Parameter Theoretical Actual

Length 1ft 1ft
Diameter 0.5ft 0.33ft
No. of strokes 10 8

Output: This machine can cut up to 480 units/hour.

The results obtained above are in close agreement with each other although not completely
due to a number of reasons like cost constrain, lack of availability of the desired equipment in
the market, and also practical aspects of the component like friction between the surfaces,
lack of smooth finish, condition of the used components like gear box, motor.

Discussions
1. We initially used a leaner frame with lesser supports attached to the motor. With this
the level of vibrations induced was high following which the wheels along with the axle
were shifted just below the frame. This simplification technique proved to be quite
useful in reducing the vibrations.

2. We also used a 1HP motor initially followed by a 3HP motor both of which proved to
be inadequate in the cutting process. The wooden log which could be cut with this much
capacity was very small on the other hand with a 3HP motor the force generated for
cutting was higher along with vibrations and also there was a chance for the gears to
break. Therefore we decided to go with the 2HP motor.

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

CHAPTER 9

CONCLUSION
1. The process of wood cutting was eased further so that the harvester can cut wood with
minimal effort.
2. The machine enhances mobility as it can be taken anywhere (provided there is
electricity in that area) so that harvesting capacity is maximised.
3. The rate of wood cutting is increased drastically with this machine as it utilises electric
power.

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

CHAPTER 10

SCOPE FOR FURTHER IMPROVEMENT

1. A diesel engine can be attached in place of motor to further enhance portability. This
would allow the user to take the machine in places without electricity so as to maximise
the rate of output.

2. With a gear box of higher ratio and stronger gears, we can cut varieties of wood which
have higher strength. The present gear box has gears made of aluminium which cannot
stand heavy loads induced due to the reactive force generated by the log when subjected
to cutting force.

3. Installing attachments which can be bolted to the frame to enhance its usage. This
includes a flat plate which could then allow the machines to squeeze the waste in order
to reduce the volume which is vital in waste management. Also it could be used as a
sprayer.

4. Use of Point contact instead of line contact will reduce the power lost due to friction
which would increase the capacity of the machine.

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Design and Fabrication Of Wood Cutting Machine Using Single Slider Crank Mechanism

CHAPTER 11

REFERENCES
1. Design And Development Of Wood Cutting And Drilling Mechanism Using
Sewing Machine-Vangari PramodS1 ,Khambaskar PurushottamS2 . 1, 2 Student of BE
Mech Engg., BMIT Solapur.
2. Design And Fabrication Of Non Dust Paper Wood Cutter Srinivasan, M.
Venkatesh, S. VetriVel, Jayalakshmi Institute of Technology
3. Design And Fabrication Of A Human Powered Wood Cutting Machine Mr.Sushil
Dopekar, Asst. Prof. Zoeb khan VDCET, Mouda Nagpur.
4. Design And Fabrication Of Machine Performing Multiple Wood Working
OperationsRavi teggina, Shivanand kavadimatti and Shashank hebbal
5. Design & Development Of Metal/Wood Cutting Tool By Using Solar
EnergyRaveendran Pattanaik, SuniVasudev, Kamlesh Puri

6. Design Of Machine Elements-I by JBK Das 1st Edition 201

7. Design data hand book by K.Mahadevan and K.Balaveera Reddy 3rd Edition 2012

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