Introduction to Mechatronics

INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS
MEng5192
Introduction to Mechatronics

Chapter-1

 Introduction to Mechatronics
 Basic definition
 Key elements
 Mechatronics system design approach
 Integration of Mechatronics system components
 Introduction to Mechatronics

What is Mechatronics……?
The term mechatronics was ‘invented’ by a Japanese engineer in 1969, as a
combination of ‘mecha’ from mechanisms and ‘tronics’ from electronics.

Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary
course which consist of electrical,
mechanical, computer science and
information technology to obtain
optimum result from an
electromechanical system.
Introduction to Mechatronics

Before Mechatronics……..
Introduction to Mechatronics

After Mechatronics…………….
Introduction to Mechatronics

Advantages
 Enhanced features and functionality
 More user-friendly
 Precision control
 More efficient
 Lower cost
 Flexible design (reprogrammable)
 More reliable
 Smaller
 Safer
Introduction to Mechatronics

Could you list some examples of mechatronics in our day to day

life…….
Introduction to Mechatronics

Examples of mechatronic systems

 Air-conditioning system
 Printers and photocopy machine
 Vending machine
 Automobile air bag safety system and antilock brake systems.
 Automated manufacturing equipment such as robots.
 Numerically controlled (NC) machine tools.
 smart kitchen home appliances such as coffee makers and clothes
washing machines, digital cameras and even toys.
Elements of Mechatronics Systems

SENSORS CONTROLLER ACTUATORS

Introduction to Mechatronics

Key Elements of mechatronics

Physical
Actuators Sensors
system

Signal
Signal processing
processing
Control
system
Introduction to Mechatronics

Physical systems
Physical systems are concerned with the behavior of action or
force. It includes fluid, Mechanical, Thermal, Pneumatics and
acoustics etc.
Examples:
Mechanical systems
Electrical systems
Electromechanical systems
Fluid systems
Thermal systems
Introduction to Mechatronics

Sensors:
Sensors are required to monitor the performance of physical system also
used to evaluate the operations and system health

Examples
Pressure sensors
Temperature sensors
Flow, Torque, Accelerometer etc.,
Introduction to Mechatronics

Actuators:
Actuators are involves in a physical action or it gives motion to the physical
system
Example:
DC-Motor
Servo Motor
Stepper motor
Introduction to Mechatronics

Signal Processing:
Signal processing is concerned with improving the quality of
sensors signals. Example eliminating the noise, increasing the
strength etc.,

Important components of Signal Processing:

 Amplifiers
 Attenuations
 Filters
 ADC
 DAC
Introduction to Mechatronics

Control system:
Control system algorithm controls the physical system through
actuators based on the data received from the sensor.

Important Control systems tools are:

 Logic systems
 Microcontrollers
 Microprocessors
 Programmic Logic Controllers (PLC)
Introduction to Mechatronics

Applications of Mechatronics systems

Applications of Mechatronics system

Industrial system and production

 Monitoring and control of manufacturing process
 CNC Machine tools
 E-Manufacturing
 Rapid prototyping
 Image processing
 Autonomous robots
Automotive Industries
 Vehicle diagnostics and health monitoring
 Airbags
 Anti lock braking system
 Various sensors like position, Fuel, Pressure and transmission
Introduction to Mechatronics

Health care Industries

Surgical Assistants:
 can assist surgeons with performing operations
 Easy operational procedures.
 The ability to manipulate a highly sophisticated robotic arm by operating controls
Seated at a workstation out of the operating room.
Introduction to Mechatronics

Rehabilitation Robots:
 These play a crucial role in the recovery of people with disabilities
 Improving mobility, strength, coordination, and quality of life.
 These robots can be programmed to adapt to the condition of each patient as they
recover from strokes, traumatic brain or spinal cord injuries
 Virtual reality integrated with rehabilitation robots can also improve balance, walking,
and other motor functions.
Introduction to Mechatronics

Medical Transportation Robots Supplies:

 Medications, and meals are delivered to patients and staff by these robots
 Optimizing communication between doctors, hospital staff members, and patients.
Introduction to Mechatronics

Mechatronics system design approach

Mechatronics system design approach
Modeling Simulation Prototyping and deployment

Recognition of the need Model in the loop Deployment of the

Conceptual design and
functional specification
First principle modular and
mathematical modeling
Sensor and actuator selection
Detailed mathematical modeling
simulation project
Software in the loop Life cycle optimization
simulation
Hardware in the loop Future models and update
simulation
Design optimization

Control system design

Design Optimization
Introduction to Mechatronics

Integration of mechatronics system

Integration of Mechatronics system components

The above figure shows a general scheme of a classical mechatronics system. Such systems resulted from
adding available sensors, actuators, and analog or digital controllers to mechanical components.
Limitations:
 Lack of suitable sensors and actuators
 Unsatisfactory life time under rough operating conditions
 Large space requirements and cables
 Relatively slow data processing
Introduction to Mechatronics

 The integration of components results from designing the mechatronic system as an overall
system and imbedding the sensors, actuators, and microcomputers into the mechanical
process.
 Integrated sensors and microcomputers lead to smart sensors and integrated actuators and
microcomputers lead to smart actuators
Introduction to Mechatronics

Adding components Integrating components

Bulky Compact
Complex mechanism Simple mechanism
Cable problem Bus or wireless communication
Fixed abilities Learning abilities
Testing is complicated Testing is easy and safe
Introduction to Mechatronics

Simulation techniques
Simulation techniques

 Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system

over time with out actual implementation of the system.
 The act of simulating something first requires that a model to be developed
 Applying numerical values in model and obtaining results.
 The behavior of the system over time can be study with the help of simulation

Advantages:
 Simulation helps to learn about real system, without
having the real system at all.
 Modifications are very ways in simulation techniques
 Cost effective method to predict the system behavior

Mechatronics simulation software:

 MATLAB
 LABVIEW
Introduction to Mechatronics

There are three stages in Simulation of Mechatronics system

Step-1: Model-in-the-loop(MIL)
Step-2: Software-in-the-loop(SIL)
Step-3: Hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)

Step-1: Model-in-the-loop(MIL)
 Model exist entirely in native simulation tool. Example Simulink block diagram
 Good for control algorithm development

Controller Plant
Input Output
Introduction to Mechatronics

Step-2: Software-in-the-loop(SIL)
 Part of the model exist in native simulation tool(Simulink) and part as executable as
C-Code
 Good for testing controller implementation in C-Code

Controller Plant
Input Output
Introduction to Mechatronics

Step-3: Hardware-in-the-loop(HIL)
 Part of the model runs in a real time simulator, Example: GUI and LABVIEW and
part may exist as physical hardware, Example: Controller or ECU
 Good for testing interactions with hardware

Controller Plant
Input Output