High-performance 

liquid chromatography (HPLC)

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a chromatographic technique used to split a mixture

of compounds in the fields of analytical chemistry, biochemistry and industrial. The main purposes for
using HPLC are for identifying, quantifying, and purifying the individual components of the mixture.

HPLC play a crucial role in the field of pharmaceutical industries and analysis, since it is used to test the
products and to detect the raw ingredient used to make them i.e., qualitative, and quantitative analysis.
Furthermore, the importance of HPLC uses in these fields falls under the stringent regulations
established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This forces all pharmaceutical companies to
detect the quality of their products by using the HPLC before before marketing.

HPLC Types:
 Partition chromatography.
 Normal–phase chromatography.
 Displacement chromatography.
 Reversed-phase chromatography (RPC)
 Size-exclusion chromatography.
 Ion-exchange chromatography.
 Bioaffinity chromatography.
 Aqueous normal-phase chromatography.
 

UPLC refers to ultra-performance liquid chromatography, which enhance mainly in three areas: “speed,
resolution and sensitivity. The separation and quantification in UPLC are done under very high pressure
(up to 100M Pa).

Both HPLC and UPLC are liquid chromatography techniques used to separate the different com- ponents

found in mixtures. However, UPLC operates at higher pressures (15,000 psi) and allows for lower particle
sizes in columns, while HPLC operates at lower pressures (max <6000 psi).

HPLC brands:

Waters- USA

Agilent- USA

Dionex- USA

Perkin Elmer- USA

Shimadzu- Japan