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Why is my first hormone therapy not What further treatments are available?
working so well? The aim of treatment is to control your cancer
The first hormone therapy you have can keep the and delay or manage any symptoms you might
cancer under control for several months or years. have, such as pain and urinary problems. You
But over time, the behaviour of your cancer cells will probably continue with your first type of
may change and your cancer could start to grow hormone therapy – even though it’s not working
again. This can happen even though the hormone so well. This is because it will still help to keep
therapy is still lowering your testosterone levels. the amount of testosterone in your body low.
Treatment Specialist Nurses 0800 074 8383 prostatecanceruk.org 3
Anti-androgens
Further treatment options may include: Anti-androgens, such as bicalutamide (Casodex®),
• anti-androgens are a type of hormone therapy that stop
• abiraterone testosterone from reaching the prostate cancer
• enzalutamide cells. They may be an option if you’ve already
• chemotherapy had hormone therapy with injections, implants or
• steroids surgery (an orchidectomy), which will have lowered
• radium-223 the amount of testosterone in your blood.
• oestrogens
• other treatments to manage symptoms
If you’re having LHRH agonist injections, you will
• clinical trials and new treatments.
probably start taking anti-androgens alongside
them. Some health professionals call this
We talk more about all of these treatments in
combined androgen blockade or dual androgen
the following pages.
blockade. It may be slightly more effective than
using an LHRH agonist on its own if your PSA is
Which treatments will I have? rising, or if your cancer has spread to other parts
When your cancer stops responding to your first of the body (advanced prostate cancer).
hormone therapy, there is no best treatment or
best order to have treatments in. You might have If you are already having injections and
more than one of the treatments we describe anti-androgen tablets and your PSA is rising,
here, while some might not be suitable for you. your doctor may suggest that you stop taking
the anti-androgen for a little while to see if
The treatments you have will depend on lots of your PSA level falls. You may hear this called a
things. When talking about possible treatments ‘withdrawal response’. Some men find that
you and your doctor will consider: their PSA level falls for a few months, or
• where your cancer has spread to sometimes longer.
• if you have any symptoms
• how long your cancer responded to your first The side effects of anti-androgens can be similar
hormone therapy for to the side effects of other types of hormone
• your general health and any other health therapy and can include breast swelling and
problems you have breast tenderness. Read more about hormone
• the possible side effects of each treatment therapy, including how to manage the possible
• what your doctor thinks will work best for you side effects, in our booklet, Living with
• your own thoughts and feelings – for example hormone therapy: A guide for men with
how you feel about the possible side effects prostate cancer.
and how a treatment will fit in with your
daily life.
Abiraterone
Abiraterone (Zytiga®) is a new type of hormone
therapy for men with advanced prostate cancer
that has stopped responding to other types of
hormone therapy. It is taken as tablets and
works by stopping the production of testosterone.
I found it very useful to discuss It may help some men to live longer and can help
the treatment options with my control symptoms.
You will need to take a steroid called prednisolone Speak to your doctor about which drug, if any,
with abiraterone to lower the risk of side effects. is the best option for you. You can also talk
things through with our Specialist Nurses.
Read more about abiraterone and who can
have it on our website at
Chemotherapy
prostatecanceruk.org/abiraterone
Chemotherapy uses anti-cancer drugs to kill
cancer cells, wherever they are in the body. It can
Enzalutamide
help some men to live longer, and improve and
Like abiraterone, enzalutamide (Xtandi®) is
delay symptoms such as pain.
another new type of hormone therapy for men
with advanced prostate cancer that has stopped
In the UK, docetaxel (Taxotere®) is the most
responding to other types of hormone therapy.
common type of chemotherapy for men with
It is taken as tablets and works by stopping
advanced prostate cancer that is no longer
testosterone from reaching the prostate cancer
responding so well to hormone therapy.
cells. It may help some men to live longer and
can help control symptoms.
If you’ve already had docetaxel and your
cancer has started to grow again, you might
Enzalutamide can be given either before or after
be offered a newer chemotherapy drug called
chemotherapy. But it isn’t usually given to men
cabazitaxel (Jevtana®).
who’ve already had abiraterone.
You will be given steroid tablets, such as
Possible side effects of enzalutamide include:
prednisolone or dexamethasone, to take
• fatigue (extreme tiredness)
with chemotherapy. This can help make the
• loose and watery bowel movements (diarrhoea)
chemotherapy more effective and reduce the
• hot flushes
side effects.
• muscle and bone pain
• headaches
Chemotherapy isn’t suitable for everyone as the
• difficulty concentrating
side effects can be difficult to deal with. Side
• high blood pressure
effects include an increased risk of infection and
• seizures, particularly if you have epilepsy –
feeling more tired than usual. Some men get a
but these are rare.
lot of side effects, while others only have a few.
Your doctor will check your general health to
Read more about enzalutamide and who
make sure you’re fit enough for chemotherapy.
can have it on our website at
prostatecanceruk.org/enzalutamide
Read more about chemotherapy in our fact
sheet, Chemotherapy.
Treatment Specialist Nurses 0800 074 8383 prostatecanceruk.org 5
How will I know how well my treatment There are things you can do to help yourself and
people who can help. Families can also find this
is working? a difficult time and they may need support too.
During and after your treatment your doctor
This section might also be helpful for them.
or nurse will check how well your treatment
is working.
How can I help myself?
Everyone has their own way of dealing with
You may have regular PSA tests, and other tests
prostate cancer, but you may find some of the
such as MRI or CT scans. Your PSA levels alone
following suggestions helpful.
aren’t always enough to know if your treatment is
working. So your doctor will use your PSA level
Look into your treatment options
and any other test results, along with information
Find out about the different treatments that are
about how you’re feeling, to check how well the
available to you. Bring a list of questions to
treatment is working.
your doctor or nurse. And ask about any side
effects so you know what to expect and how
If you are feeling better this could be a sign that
to manage them. This will help you decide
the treatment is working. If the treatment isn’t
what’s right for you.
controlling the cancer, then you and your doctor
can discuss which treatment to try next.
Talk to someone
Share what you’re thinking – find someone
One aim of your treatment will be to help
you can talk to. It could be someone close or
manage any symptoms from your cancer, so
someone trained to listen, like a counsellor or
that your daily life is as good as possible. But
your doctor or nurse. Your GP, nurse or other
treatments can cause side effects. Let your
people involved in your care should be able
doctor or nurse know how you are feeling and
to answer any questions or concerns you
about any symptoms or side effects. If you
might have.
have symptoms in between your check-ups,
tell your doctor or nurse as soon as possible.
Set yourself some goals
Set yourself goals and plan things to look forward
to – even if they’re just for the next few weeks
or months.
Get more ideas about how to look after yourself Local support groups
from Macmillan Cancer Support, Maggie’s Centres, At local support groups, men get together to
Penny Brohn UK, or your nearest cancer support share their experiences of living with prostate
centre. You can also find more ideas in our booklet, cancer. You can ask questions, share worries and
Living with and after prostate cancer: A guide know that someone understands what you’re
to physical, emotional and practical issues. going through. Some groups have been set up
by local health professionals, others by men
Who else can help? themselves. Many also welcome partners, friends
Your medical team and relatives.
It may be useful to speak to your nurse, doctor,
GP or someone else in your medical team. They Our fatigue support service
can explain your diagnosis, treatment and side Our fatigue support service is a 10-week
effects, listen to your concerns, and put you in telephone service delivered by our Specialist
touch with other people who can help. Nurses. It can help if you have problems with
extreme tiredness (fatigue), which is a common
Our Specialist Nurses symptom of prostate cancer. Fatigue can also
Our Specialist Nurses can answer your be a side effect of some treatments for prostate
questions and explain your diagnosis and cancer. The fatigue support service can help
treatment options. They’ve got time to listen, you make positive changes to your behaviour
in confidence, to any concerns you or those and lifestyle, which can improve your fatigue
close to you have. over time.
Trained counsellors
To find out more about any of the above, visit
Counsellors are trained to listen and can
prostatecanceruk.org/get-support or call our
help you find your own ways to deal with
Specialist Nurses on 0800 074 8383.
things. Many hospitals have counsellors or
psychologists who specialise in helping people
with cancer – ask your doctor or nurse at the Hospices
hospital if this is available. Your GP may also You may be able to get support from your local
be able to refer you to a counsellor, or you hospice or community palliative care team.
can see a private counsellor. To find out more, Hospices don’t just provide care for people at
contact the British Association for Counselling the end of their life – you may be able to use
& Psychotherapy. their services while still living at home, and some
hospices provide day therapy. They provide a
range of services, including treatment to manage
Treatment Specialist Nurses 0800 074 8383 prostatecanceruk.org 9
Our publications
If you have advanced prostate cancer, read
more about possible symptoms and how to
manage them in our publications:
• Advanced prostate cancer: Managing
symptoms and getting support
• Fatigue and prostate cancer
• Managing pain in advanced
prostate cancer
• Radiotherapy for advanced
prostate cancer
• Bisphosphonates for advanced
prostate cancer.
Treatment Specialist Nurses 0800 074 8383 prostatecanceruk.org 10
If my first hormone therapy has stopped working so well, what other treatments could I have?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the different treatments available?
What are the possible side effects of my new treatments? Is there anything that can help?
What treatments are there to manage symptoms (for example pain or tiredness)?
Macmillan Cancer Support This publication was written and edited by:
www.macmillan.org.uk our Health Information team.
Telephone: 0808 808 0000
Practical, financial and emotional support for It was reviewed by:
people with cancer, their family and friends. • Vanessa Basketter, Urology Lead Nurse,
University Hospital Southampton NHS
Maggie’s Centres Foundation Trust, Southampton
www.maggiescentres.org • Chris Parker, Consultant Clinical
Telephone: 0300 123 1801 Oncologist, The Royal Marsden NHS
Drop-in centres for cancer information and Foundation Trust, Sutton
support, and an online support group. • Deborah Victor, Uro-oncology Clinical Nurse
Specialist, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust
Marie Curie • Linda Welsh, Prostate Specialist
www.mariecurie.org.uk Radiographer and Clinical Research
Telephone: 0800 090 2309 Radiographer, Torbay Hospital
Runs hospices throughout the UK and a free • Our Specialist Nurses
nursing service for people in their own home. • Our Volunteers.
Call our Specialist Nurses from Monday to Friday 9am - 6pm, Wednesday 10am - 8pm
* Calls are recorded for training purposes only.
Confidentiality is maintained between callers and Prostate Cancer UK.
Prostate Cancer UK is a registered charity in England and Wales (1005541)
and in Scotland (SC039332). Registered company number 02653887.
4878 SLT/NOV17