19

19
1. The crystal structure of the 50S ribosomal subunit from Haloarcula marismortui revealed an
adenine at position 2486 in the active site of its peptidyl transferase activity. Which of the
following is not true concerning this adenine molecule?

A. I t corresponds to adenine 2451 in E.coli rRNA.

B. T

his adenine is conserved in all 3 domains of life.
C. E. coli mutants at this site are chloramphenical resistant.

D. It is found in 23S rRNA.

E. I t plays a major catalytic role in peptidyl transferase activity.

2. The three-dimensional arrangement of the E. coli 16S rRNA closely resembles that of

A. t he 30S ribosomal subunit.

B. t he 50S ribosomal subunit.

C. the 70S ribosome.

D. tRNA.

E. a chair.

3. The crystal structure of IF1 bound to the 30S ribosomal subunit shows that IF1 binds to the
_____________ of the ribosome.

A. E

site
B. P

site
C. A site

D. allosteric site

E. S
15 protein

Match the following levels of tRNA structure with the descriptions below.

A. Primary structure
B. Secondary structure
C. Tertiary structure
D. Quaternary structure

E. 1-dimensional structure
4. The tRNA nucleotide base sequence.
________________________________________

5. The three-dimensional shape of tRNA.
________________________________________

6. The formation of a stem loop structure by nucleotide base pairing.
________________________________________

7. The "clover-leaf" structure of tRNA.
________________________________________

8. tRNA that resembles an inverted L.
________________________________________

Match the major regions found on a tRNA molecule with their correct description.

A. acceptor stem
B. D loop
C. T loop
D. variable loop

E. anticodon loop
9. This portion of tRNA contains a number of modified uracils.
________________________________________

10. This portion of tRNA base pairs with mRNA.
________________________________________

11. This portion of tRNA varies in length from 4 to 13 nucleotides.
________________________________________

12. This portion of tRNA has a terminal sequence of 5′-CCA-3′.
________________________________________

13. This portion of tRNA contains the sequence TψC.
________________________________________

14. Biochemical and genetic experiments have demonstrated that the _________ of tRNA are
important for recognition by its cognate aminotransferase-tRNA synthetase.

A. D

loop and T loop
B. T

loop and variable loop
C. anticodon loop and T loop

D. acceptor stem and anticodon loop

E. v ariable loop and D loop

15. The crystal structure of the Thermus thermophilis 70S ribosome reveals that the binding sites for
tRNA are composed primarily of ______________.
________________________________________

16. Eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomes are more ___________ than prokaryotic ribosomes.
________________________________________

17. The E. coli 70S ribosome contains _________ proteins and ________ rRNAs.
________________________________________

18. Spectinomycin and paromomycin are antibiotics that were used to help determine the
___________ and ___________ functions of the 30S ribosomal subunit.
________________________________________

19. The exit tunnel walls of the 50S ribosomal subunit are made of _______, which probably helps the
hydrophobic side chains of the nascent polypeptide to slide through easily.
________________________________________

20. An mRNA with many ribosomes transversing it at the same time is called a ___________.
________________________________________

21. The T loop of tRNA contains the modified nucleoside ____________, represented by the Greek
letter ψ.
________________________________________

22. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases contain both an active site and a(n) ___________ site.
________________________________________

23. X-ray crystallography studies have shown that tRNAs interact with the 30S ribosomal subunit
through their _________ and with the 50S ribosomal subunit through their __________.
________________________________________

24. Eukaryotic organelle ribosomes are ______________ than prokaryotic ribosomes.
________________________________________

25. The antibiotic _____________ is thought to inhibit translocation by blocking pivoting of the
ribosomal head region.
________________________________________

26. The antibiotic streptomycin appears to increase the error rate of translation by interfering with the
initial codon-_______ recognition and with proofreading.
________________________________________

27. The crystal structure of the Thermus thermophilis ribosome revealed that the twelve contacts
between the subunits are mostly mediated by ribosomal proteins.
True False

28. Upon binding to a ribosome, an aminoacyl-tRNA first enters in the A/T with its anticodon in the
decoding site of the 30S particle and its acceptor stem still bound to EF-Tu.
True False

29. tRNAs contain a number of modified bases that have been shown to be necessary for tRNA
function.
True False

30. In prokaryotes, transcription and translation are coupled and therefore polysomes can be found
associated with active genes.
True False

31. There are two classes of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, each approaches the tRNA molecule from
the same side.
True False

32. The sequence of the 16S rRNA can be used to determine evolutionary relatedness between
organisms.
True False

19 Key

1. The crystal structure of the 50S ribosomal subunit from Haloarcula marismortui revealed an
adenine at position 2486 in the active site of its peptidyl transferase activity. Which of the
following is not true concerning this adenine molecule?

A. It corresponds to adenine 2451 in E.coli rRNA.

B. This adenine is conserved in all 3 domains of life.

C. E. coli mutants at this site are chloramphenical resistant.

D. It is found in 23S rRNA.

E. It plays a major catalytic role in peptidyl transferase activity.

Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate

Section: 19.01
Weaver - Chapter 19 #1

2. The three-dimensional arrangement of the E. coli 16S rRNA closely resembles that of

A. the 30S ribosomal subunit.

B. the 50S ribosomal subunit.

C. the 70S ribosome.

D. tRNA.

E. a chair.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 19.01

3. The crystal structure of IF1 bound to the 30S ribosomal subunit shows that IF1 binds to the
_____________ of the ribosome.

A. E site

B. P site

C. A site

D. allosteric site

E. S15 protein


Section: 19.01

Match the following levels of tRNA structure with the descriptions below.

A. Primary structure
B. Secondary structure
C. Tertiary structure
D. Quaternary structure

E. 1-dimensional structure
Weaver - Chapter 19

4. The tRNA nucleotide base sequence.
A

Section: 19.02

5. The three-dimensional shape of tRNA.
C

Section: 19.02

6. The formation of a stem loop structure by nucleotide base pairing.
B

Section: 19.02

7. The "clover-leaf" structure of tRNA.
B

Section: 19.02

8. tRNA that resembles an inverted L.
C

Section: 19.02

Match the major regions found on a tRNA molecule with their correct description.

A. acceptor stem
B. D loop
C. T loop
D. variable loop

E. anticodon loop
Section: 19.02
Weaver - Chapter 19

9. This portion of tRNA contains a number of modified uracils.
B

Section: 19.02

10. This portion of tRNA base pairs with mRNA.
E

Section: 19.02

11. This portion of tRNA varies in length from 4 to 13 nucleotides.
D

Section: 19.02

12. This portion of tRNA has a terminal sequence of 5′-CCA-3′.
A

Section: 19.02

13. This portion of tRNA contains the sequence TψC.
C

Section: 19.02

14. Biochemical and genetic experiments have demonstrated that the _________ of tRNA are
important for recognition by its cognate aminotransferase-tRNA synthetase.

A. D loop and T loop

B. T loop and variable loop

C. anticodon loop and T loop

D. acceptor stem and anticodon loop

E. variable loop and D loop

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Section: 19.02

15. The crystal structure of the Thermus thermophilis 70S ribosome reveals that the binding sites
for tRNA are composed primarily of ______________.
rRNA

Section: 19.01

16. Eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosomes are more ___________ than prokaryotic ribosomes.
complex

Section: 19.01

17. The E. coli 70S ribosome contains _________ proteins and ________ rRNAs.
55, 3

Section: 19.01

18. Spectinomycin and paromomycin are antibiotics that were used to help determine the
___________ and ___________ functions of the 30S ribosomal subunit.
translocation, decoding

Section: 19.01

19. The exit tunnel walls of the 50S ribosomal subunit are made of _______, which probably helps
the hydrophobic side chains of the nascent polypeptide to slide through easily.
RNA

Section: 19.01

20. An mRNA with many ribosomes transversing it at the same time is called a ___________.
polysome

Section: 19.01

21. The T loop of tRNA contains the modified nucleoside ____________, represented by the Greek
letter ψ.
pseudouridine

Section: 19.02

22. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases contain both an active site and a(n) ___________ site.
editing

Section: 19.02

23. X-ray crystallography studies have shown that tRNAs interact with the 30S ribosomal subunit
through their _________ and with the 50S ribosomal subunit through their __________.
anticodon loop, acceptor stems

Section: 19.02

24. Eukaryotic organelle ribosomes are ______________ than prokaryotic ribosomes.
smaller

Section: 19.01

25. The antibiotic _____________ is thought to inhibit translocation by blocking pivoting of the
ribosomal head region.
spectinomycin

Section: 19.01

26. The antibiotic streptomycin appears to increase the error rate of translation by interfering with
the initial codon-_______ recognition and with proofreading.
anticodon

Section: 19.01

27. The crystal structure of the Thermus thermophilis ribosome revealed that the twelve contacts
between the subunits are mostly mediated by ribosomal proteins.
FALSE

Section: 19.01

28. Upon binding to a ribosome, an aminoacyl-tRNA first enters in the A/T with its anticodon in the
decoding site of the 30S particle and its acceptor stem still bound to EF-Tu.
TRUE

Section: 19.01

29. tRNAs contain a number of modified bases that have been shown to be necessary for tRNA
function.
TRUE

Section: 19.02

30. In prokaryotes, transcription and translation are coupled and therefore polysomes can be
found associated with active genes.
TRUE

Section: 19.01

31. There are two classes of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, each approaches the tRNA molecule
from the same side.
FALSE

Section: 19.02

32. The sequence of the 16S rRNA can be used to determine evolutionary relatedness between
organisms.
TRUE

Section: 19.01

19 Summary

Category # of Questions
Blooms Level: 1. Remember 19
Blooms Level: 2. Understand 12
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate 1
Section: 19.01 16
Section: 19.02 17
Weaver - Chapter 19 34

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19

D. It is found in 23S rRNA.

E. I t plays a major catalytic role in peptidyl transferase activity.

B. t he 50S ribosomal subunit.

C. the 70S ribosome.

D. acceptor stem and anticodon loop

E. v ariable loop and D loop

B. This adenine is conserved in all 3 domains of life.

C. E. coli mutants at this site are chloramphenical resistant.

D. It is found in 23S rRNA.

E. It plays a major catalytic role in peptidyl transferase activity.

Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate

B. the 50S ribosomal subunit.

C. the 70S ribosome.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

B. T loop and variable loop

C. anticodon loop and T loop

D. acceptor stem and anticodon loop

E. variable loop and D loop

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

anticodon loop, acceptor stems

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