2 %

I Wythenshawe Park,
I -L

Manchester
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An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment
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I
Contents

1. Introduction

2. Methodology Statement

3.' The Setting

4. Archaeological and Historical Background

4.1 Prehistoric and Roman

4.2 Medieval to Modem: Historical Background

4.2.1 Ownership
4.2.2 Sources

4.3 Medieval to id-16" Century

4.3.1 'The Willow Copse'
4.3.2 Saxfield and the 'hay' of Wythenshawe
4.3.3 The early hall
4.3.4 A moated site?

4.4 The Post-Medieval Hall and Outbuildings: id-16Ih -17" Century

4.4.1 The Hall
4.4.2 The Chapel
4.4.3 The Gatehouse
4.4.4 The Banqueting House
4.4.5 Other Outbuildings
4.4.6 Courts, Gardens, Orchards and Fishponds
4.4.7 Civil War

4.5 The Hall, Outbuildings and Gardens: 18" -20" Century

4.5.1 The Hall
4.5.2 Stables and Farm Buildings
4.5.3 The Ice House
4.5.4 The Forecourt and Gardens
4.5.5 The Walled Garden

4.6 The Park

4.6.1 The Wythenshawe Demesne, 16"- 18" Century
4.6.2 The Parkland and Estate, 19"- 20Ih Century

5. Gazetteer o f Sites 29

6. Significance of the Remains 38

Sources 40

Illustrations End Pages

Universiry of Monchesrer Archaeological Unit

Jonuow 2007
I . Introduction

1.1 The University of Manchester Archaeological Unit has carried out an archaeological desk-based
assessment of Wythenshawe Park, Manchester, as part of the Dig Manchester project funded by
the Heritage Lottery Fund. '
The Park includes Wythenshawe Hall, a Grade U* Listed Building, and former stables and the
North Lodge, both of which are Grade 11. The eastern half of the Park is included on English
Heritage's Register of Historic Parks and Gardens and is listed Grade I1 on that register.

1.2 The assessment has aimed, as far as is reasonably possible, to identify the nature of the Park's
archaeological resource and to assess its significance.

1.3 The assessment is initially intended to inform an archaeological evaluation which is to be

undertaken within the Park by UMAU as part of the Dig Manchester project.

It is also designed to inform any future work on the site, including archaeological fieldwork
directly involving the local community.

I) The assessment was carried out by Dr Peter Arrowsmith, UMAU. Thanks are due to Nonnan Redhead,
Assistant County Archaeologist, and Elizabeth Chantler, Sites and Monuments Record Omcer, GMAU;
Ruth Shrigley, Manchester City Galleries; Clare Hartwell; and the Reverend Greg Forster.

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2. Methodolow Statement

2.1 The assessment consisted of a desk-top study and a site inspection. The desk-top study consulted
the following sources:

Greater Manchester Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) held by the Greater Manchester
Archaeological Unit at the University of Manchester
Printed and manuscript maps and plans
Published and unpublished documentary sources
Illustrations and photographs

The following documentary archives were consulted:

Cheshire Record Office

John Rylands University Library of Manchester
Manchester Central Library Local Studies Unit

2.2 The aim of the site inspection was to relate the findings of the desk-top study to the existing
topography and land-use and to recover evidence not available from the desk-top sources.

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3. The Setting

3.1 Location and Land-use

3.1.1 Wythenshawe Park lies in the south ofthe City of Manchester at SJ 81 89. The Park is bounded on
the north by Wythenshawe Road, on the south by Altrincham Road, on the east by Princess
Parkway and on the west by housing (Ill. 1).

3.1.2 The eastern side of the Park, which contains the area of the Grade 11 registered Historic Park and
Garden, largely comprises open parkland with areas of woodland, the largest being Gib Lane
Wood along the Park's eastern boundary, and also includes the Hall and former stables, the
Walled Garden and Community Farm, and a play area. The western side of the Park includes
football pitches, a running track, a miniature golf course, tennis courts, bowling greens, pavilions
and the Horticultural Centre, with areas of woodland at Nan Nook Wood in the north-west comer
of the Park and Fir Coppice and Mere Wood to the north of the Horticultural Centre.

3.2 Geology

3.2.1 The solid geology of the Park, as mapped by the OS Geological Survey (sheet 98) comprises
Keuper Sandstone of the Permo-Triassic.

3.2.2 As mapped by the OS Geological Survey (sheet 98), the drift geology of much of the Park,
comprises fluvio-glacial gravel, interrupted by a broad finger of boulder clay which runs into the
Park roughly from east to west and includes the site of Wythenshawe Hall. The southem end of
the Park encroaches onto a band of glacial sand and gravel which runs east to west and is roughly
followed by the line of the modem Alhincham Road.

3.3 Topography

3.3.1 Overall ground level across the Park is fairly flat with OS mapping showing Altrincham Road to
the south lying at a height of c 35m and Wythenshawe Road to the north at c 32-33111. There are
localised variations in ground level, these being sharpest in Nan Nook Wood. The south of the
Park is crossed by the Baguley Brook.

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4. Archaeological and Historical Background

4.1 Prehistoric and Roman

4.1.1 No prehistoric finds are known from the area of the Park. Within the North-West the evidence for
prehistoric activity is often sporadic and based on chance finds, but this evidence does point to
settlement and other activity being concentrated on sands and gravels, particularly close to
watercourses or wetlands, rather than on the heavier more impermeable boulder clays which form
the drift geology of much of the region.

Within the wider locality, a Bronze Age perforated stone hammer was found in 1885 near Baguley
Hall, c lkm south of the Park (SMR 22.1.0), and an object of the same type is reported to have
been found in Northenden (Shercliff 1974, 8; Harris 1987, 89). In the early 1 9 ' century
~ it was
reported that on Baguley Moor, an area of common land which lay to the west of Wythenshawe
Park, there was 'a considerable tumulus'. This was later opened by Mr Tatton of Wythenshawe
Hall and is said to have proved to be the site of a windmill (Onnerod 1882, vol 1, 553).

The drift geology of the Park, which mostly comprises sands and gravels, the presence of the
Baguley Brook and the proximity ofthe River Mersey are conducive for the Park itself having been
an area of prehistoric activity.

4.1.2 No Roman finds are known from the area of the Park. Coins of a possible Roman date are said to
have been found near Northenden Bridge, c 1km north-east of the Park (SMR 1472.1.0).

There is evidence for a possible Roman road running either through the Park or in close proximity.
The original meaning of 'street' is a road with evidence of a made surface, and early occurrences of
the term may, although not exclusively, refer to a Roman road (Gelling 1978, 153). A 1558 survey
of the Wythenshawe demesne includes the 'Long Strete feld' and the 'Est Strete feld' (JRULM
TWY1346). The field-name reoccurs in the 1640 survey of the demesne which lists the 'Street field
and Ryle Orchard' (Shercliff 1974,72). This field is not shown on a 1641 map ofNorthenden but
is believed to have been located near Altrincham Road just beyond the south-east comer of the
Park, at which point the map is damaged. Greg Forster recalls a reference to a Street Lane Bridge,
probably in connection with the bridge over the Baguley Brook just inside the Park (personnel
communication). To the east, the Northen Etchells tithe map shows a Farther Street Field and
Nearer Street Field at the junction of Altrincham Road and Styal Road.

The line of this possible Roman road may have continued eastwards through Cheadle, where a
large number of Roman coins have been found in or close to the village, and on through Cheadle
Heath, where in the 19Ihcentury the local historian Fletcher Moss was told 'by those who had seen
it, that several feet below the present highroad across Cheadle Heath there is an old paved road, that
they supposed to have been Roman'. The continuation of this road beyond Stockport is suggested
by the field-names Street Acre in Bredbury and Pavement Head in Woodley and by finds ofRoman
coins at Bredbury Station and New Bridge Lane. Although beyond Woodley evidence of its line is
lost, the general direction points to the Roman fort at Melandra and beyond this the Longdendale
pass (Arrowsmith 1997, 16).

To the west of the Park, this possible Roman road would have linked with the Manchester to
Chester road. Greg Forster has suggested that this may have been to the south of Altrincham at

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January 2007
 Street Head, by the junction of Chester Road and Charcoal Road (personal communication). This
would suggest that from the area of Street Field(s) by the south-east comer of the Park the road ran
to the south of the Baguley Brook, perhaps following the band of glacial sand and gravel here
which would have provided a ready source of material for its constmction. This general course
would run either through the southem edge of the Park orjust to the south of it.

4.2 Medieval to Modem: Historical Background

4.2.1 Ownership

Historically the greater part of Wythenshawe Park lay within the Cheshire township ofNorthenden,
or Northen as it was also known. Along with the neighbouring township ofNorthen Etchells to the
south this township made up the parish of Northenden, centred on the church of St Wilfred. The
south-westem part of the Park, south of Baguley Brook, lay within the township of Baguley in the
parish of Bowden and represents a relatively recent addition to the area of land directly associated
with the Hall (see below). The name Wythenshawe is now applied to the 20'~-centuryhousing
estate laid out within the old Northenden, Northen Etchells and Baguley townships, but it was
originally associated with an area ofNorthenden township. The present Park developed from the
Wythenshawe demesne, land directly associated with Wythenshawe Hall.

Northenden is, mentioned in the Domesday survey of 1086, at which date there was already a
church here. By the early 121hcentury the manor ofNorthenden had come into the possession of
Hamo de Massey baron of Dunham Massey (one of several successive family members of that
name) who gave it and its church to the Benedictine abbey of St Werburgh in Chester (later to
become Chester Cathedral). In 1270 the abbey leased half of the manor to a later member of the
Massey family, Robert de Mascy. This half consisted ofthe demesne, ie the land which the abbey
held directly as opposed to land leased out to tenants. Since the de Mascies are afterwards found in
possession of Wythenshawe, it seems likely that this area is to be identified with the abbey's
demesne (Shercliff 1974,23).

In 1370 Wythenshawe was granted by Alice, the only daughter and heir of William de Mascy, to
Robert de Tatton of Kenworthy, an area in the north-east of Northenden township. Although it is
not explicitly stated within the grant, it is believed likely that Robertde Tatton was Alice's husband
(Earwaker 1877, 307). From this point Wythenshawe descended through the Tatton family, who
established their residence at Wythenshawe Hall. The abbey of St Werburgh retained the overall
lordship ofthe manor ofNorthenden until its dissolution by Henry VIII in 1540. That lordship was
subsequently acquired by the Tattons. In the 1550s the family also gained possession of the
neighbouring manor of Etchells, comprising the townships of Northen Etchells and, to its east,
Stockport Etchells (now Gatley and Heald Green) (Shercliff 1974,23-26). This manor included the
medieval moated site of Peel Hall in Northen Etchells, which the Tattons used as a dower house
and residence for junior members of the family (Arrowsmith 2007).

In the English Civil War, Robert Tatton sided with the King and from November 1642 kept
Wythenshawe Hall in a state of defence. From 21 November 1643 the garrison was besieged by a
Parliamentarian force comprising a contingent of Colonel Dukenfield's regiment. The siege lasted
three months until the defenders surrendered on 27 February 1644 after two cannon had been
brought from Manchester. Tatton's estates were subsequently sequestered. The fmancial difficulties
which the Tattons experienced largely as a result of the Civil War continued into the latter part of
the 17" century (Groves 1992).

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January 2007
 In the 18" century there was a major improvement in the family's fortunes as a result of the
marriage in 1747 of William Tatton to Hester Egerton, the sister and sole heir of Samuel Egerton of
Tatton Park. She succeeded her brother in 1780 but died in the same year, and the Wythenshawe
and Tatton Park estates were inherited by her son William who assumed the name Egerton. On his
death in 1806 the estates were divided, with Wythenshawe passing to his younger son Thomas
William Tatton (Shercliff 1974,74). In 1825 he expanded his own estates by acquiring the manor
of Baguley (Omerod 1882, vol I, 553). By this date the family already owned land within that
township, bought by William Tatton in 1764 (JRULM TWYl341). The 1830 map ofthe Tattons'
estate in Baguley includes the land in the south-west comer ofthe Park (Ill. S), but whether this
was obtained in 1764 or 1825 has not been ascertained.

The Tattons continued to be major landowners in the locality until the 1920s when their lands were
acquired by Manchester Corporation for the new Wythenshawe housing estate. In 1926 R H G
Tatton, lord of the manor, sold Wythenshawe Hall and Park to Sir Ernest Simon and his wife
Sheena, later Lord and Lady Simon, who presented these to the Corporation to open as a public
amenity (Shercliff 19974, 89,294; Taylor 1993, 1).

4.2.2 Sources

The fullest published accounts of Wythenshawe Hall and Park are those by W H Shercliff(1974,
46-92) and Clare Taylor (1 993). The architectural history ofthe Hall has recently been discussed by
Clare Hartwell and Matthew Hyde (Hartwell et a1 2004,499-502), whose account supersedes an
earlier thesis by Leslie Ann Holt (Holt 1952).

Of particular value among the documentary sources are a series of surveys of the manor of
Northenden and Wythenshawe demesne dating from the 16" to the 18" centuries. One of these,
dated 1640 and later affixed to a 164 1 map of the Northenden lordship (see below), is reproduced
by Shercliff (1974, 72), who has also transcribed that part of a 1656 survey which relates to the
Hall (Shercliff 1974,78-9). The original ofthe 1656 survey is held within the extensive collection
of Tatton muniments at the John Rylands University Library of Manchester (JRULM TWY/347),
along with other surveys of 1558, 1666, 1733 (JRULM TWYl346, TWYl341, TWYl340) and an
undated survey, believed to be of c 1700 (TWYl338a; Groves 1992,32). The Library holds a
transcript of a 1648 survey compiled in connection with the administration of Robert Tatton's
sequestered estate, the original ofwhich is held in The National Archives (JRULM TWYII 95). The
Library also holds an inventory of goods and chattels of Robert Tatton at Wythenshawe Hall made
in June 1643 (JRULM TWYl293). This last document, a transcription of which is published by
Shercliff (1974, 69), provides the earliest detailed list of the rooms and outbuildings of the post-
medieval Hall. Cheshire Record Office holds two unpublished probate inventories naming rooms
within the Hall, that of Maria Tatton in 16 14 and William Tatton in 1673 (CRO WS). In the case of
Maria Tatton her inventory probably lists only those rooms which she occupied in her widowhood
but the inventory of William Tatton gives a fuller list comparable with the 1643 inventory. Details
of the Hall and Park are also provided in the probate documents of Robert Tatton comprising his
will of 1578 and inventory of 1579, which have been published by the Chetham Society piccope
1861,91-102). The inquisition post mortem of William Tatton in 1619, published by the Record
Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, includes details of the family's estates including the
Wythenshawe demesne (Stewart-Brown 1938, 104-1 13). Information on the Hall in the late 18Ih
century is provided by an inventory of c 1785-92 held at Tatton Park, which has been published by
Clare Taylor (Taylor 1993, 24-29).

Cartographic sources for the Park begin with the map ofthe 'Lordshippe ofNorthenden', surveyed
and drawn in 1641 by Richard Martinscrofte of Manchester for Robert Tatton (Shercliff 1980).

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January 2007
 This depicts a number of buildings in the township in pictorial fashion, including Wythenshawe
Hall. It is now on display at the Hall, together with a copy made in 1840 by James Whitelegg (Ills.
12-14). Photographs ofthe map have also been published by Shercliff(1ll. 2), and more recently by
Manchester City Art Galleries (Latimer 1987, 22) and by Clare Taylor (1993, 6). Unfortunately
since these were first taken the original map has suffered some damage. There is also a modem
redrawing ofthe map by Frank and Terreta Mitchell, with north now at the top (this is at the bottom
on the original), and buildings redrawn accordingly (Ill. 3).

Later detailed mapping effectively begins in the 1830s. The local estates ofThomas William Tatton
were surveyed in 1830 by William Nevill. The map ofhis estates in Baguley,- . including the south-
west comer of the Park, was published by herc cliff (1974,2 16- 17) (Ill. 5) and a photographic copy
of this map is also available at Manchester Central Library. Unfortunately at the time ofthe present
assessment the library's photographic copy of Nevill's Northenden mapcould not be located and
the original map was too fragile for consultation, but part of this map, or rather of what appears to
be a modem traced copy, showing the area around the Hall has been reproduced by Shercliff (1974,
87) (111. 4). Manchester Central Library also holds copies of the tithe awards for Baguley and
Northenden, originals of which are held by Cheshire Recordoffice (CRO EDT 34 & 303). Frank
and Terreta Mitchell also produced a copy ofthe Northenden tithe map, adding field names for easy
reference (Ill. 6). There is also a Northenden township map of 1858, available for consultation as a
photographic copy held by Manchester Central Library (Ill. 7). Detailed Ordnance Survey mapping
begins in the 1870s (Ill. 8).

Several 19th- and 20'~-centuryplans relating to the Hall and areas of the estate are on display within
the Hall. These include plans of 1855 for a conservatory, now demolished; aplan ofthe home farm
of c 1867-7 1 which includes much of the area of the present Park (Ills. 17 & 23); a plan of c 1858
of the area around the Walled Garden; and plans of 1867 and 1887 with later additions, which were
principally intended to show services to the Hall but also provide other information on the site's
components.

The Hall also houses a number of early illustrations of the Hall, principally showing the front
(eastern) elevation, the earliest of which is a drawing of c 1800 (Ill. 28). Photographs of the Hall
and Park held by Manchester Central Library Local Studies Unit have also been consulted for the
present assessment.

In addition to the sources identified above, plans and photographs of the Hall are held at
Manchester Art Gallery and Queen's Park Conservation Studio, and miscellaneous photographs at
Wythenshawe Library (information provided by Ruth Shrigley).

4.3 Medieval to id-161h Century

4.3.1 The 'Willow Copse'

The place-name Wythenshawe is first found in the late 131hcentury but has an earlier, Old English,
derivation meaning 'willow copse or small wood (sceaga)' (Dodgson 1970,236), possibly referring
to a feature alongside the Baguley Brook. Margaret Gelling notes that sceaga place-names probably
date from the late Anglo-Saxon period (Gelling 1984, 209) but if this area was known as
Wythenshawe at this date it is uncertain whether there was as yet a settlement here or, if so, where
it was located.

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January 2007
4.3.2 Saxfield, the 'hay' of Wythenshawe a n d the early 'park'

Among the earliest references to Wythenshawe is a late 13'~-centurygrant of part of an area in

Northenden known as Saxfeld:

'Let all present and future people know that I, Robert de Brom, have given,
conceded and by this my present charter have confirmed to Richard de Kegwood
and Thomas le Masci all my part of Saxfeld, that is to say that mediety within
these bounds, beginning at the hedge beyond Echlis [Etchells] and Nonvorthyn
[Nortenden], in length to Hahilhurst [Hazelhurst], in breath to within the hay of
Witenscawe [Wythenshawe], that is to say to Richard de Kegwood three parts of
the same land, and to Thomas le Masci the fourth part. To have and to hold of me,
my heirs and assigns, by the aforesaid Richards and Thomas, their heirs and
assigns, freely quietly, and in peace, with all liberties & c, to the said land
belonging. Paying thence yearly to me and heirs and assigns, one pair of white
gloves and one halfpenny at the feast of Saint Martin, as is contained in the
ancient charter of Robert de Masci, which he gave me for Witenscawe' (Earwaker
1877,269).

The 'hay of Witenscawe' refers to an enclosed area of land, indicating that at least part of
Wythenshawe was delineated at this date by a boundary hedge, ditch or the like.

Ofthe other places named within this deed, Hazelhurst is later found as the name of a faml on the
north side of Wythenshawe Road, to the west of the Park. In 1494 'Hassilhurst' was granted by
Robert Tatton to Robert Vawdrey, and members of the Vawdrey or Vaudrey family are still found
in possession of this property well into the 17" century (Earwaker 1877, 269). In the 1494 grant
one of the boundaries of the property is given as the 'Saxbroke', an early name of the Baguley
Brook (Eanvaker 1877, 269; Dodgson 1970, 236). On the Northenden tithe map farmland
associated with Hazelhurst was bounded by the brook on the south-west,by Wythenshawe Road on
the south and Button Lane on the east.

In the late 19Ih century the name Saxfield appears as that of a house on the north side of
Wythenshawe Road, just beyond the north-east comer of the Park. The name of this house would
seem to represent a Victorian revival of an ancient form. The house, which is shown on the 1876
OS map (Ill. 8), was built as his own residence by the architect James Redford, who also designed
the Tenants Hall at Wythenshawe Hall and the Tatton Arms in Northenden (Taylor 1993,17-18).
The census returns suggest that Saxfield was completed no earlier than 1871 and it was evidently
constructed on a virgin site, with no building being shown here on mapping of 1858 and earlier. In
the 1870s Earwaker wrote that 'when a house was recently erected on a plot of land called
Saxefeld, it is very noteworthy that some much decayed weapons, &c, were found there buried'
(Earwaker 1877,270), while a newspaper of the time explicitly states that the discovery was made
at the site of the house built by 'Mr Redford' (Manchester Weekly Times 17 March 1893, p 5).
Eanvaker inferred from these weapons that the place-name was derived from the Old English seax,
meaning 'a knife or short sword' and concluded that the name 'most probably commemorated some
memorable conflict in early Saxon times'. More recently, Dodgson has identified the first element
as Seaxe, 'Saxons', leading him to suppose that 'there was a settlement of Saxons among the
Anglian population of north-east Cheshire' (Dodgson 1970,236). The Old English feld, the second
element of this place-name, originally meant 'open country' and in the late Anglo-Saxon period
took on the connotation of arable land (Gelling 1984,254-7).

Dodgson concludes from the late 13"-century grant that at this period the area of Saxfield extended

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January 2007
 to the southern boundary of Northenden, and westwards to Hazelhurst and included part of
Wythenshawe (Dodgson 1970,236). Documentary evidence from 1558 onwards shows that two
fields on the eastern side of the Park, still traceable today, were known as Great Saxfield and Lesser
(or Higher or Gorsie) Saxfield (Table 4; Ills. 3 & 6), implying that these had once been part of
Saxfield. The precise geographical extents of Saxfield and 'the hay' of Wythenshawe are unclear,
although it would seem from the 13~-centurygrant that the hay had either been originally
established within the area of Saxfield or had subsequently expanded into it. The western boundary
of the Great Saxfield and Lesser Saxfield followed an arcing course which curved outward to the
east, ie away from Wythenshawe Hall (Ills. 2 & 3). The curving form of this boundary is
reminiscent of a medieval assart, and raises the possibility that it represents the boundary of an
early enclosure, possibly centred on the Hall site.

The name of 'Withenshawe Park' is found as early as 1612 when there is a reference to
'Crossefields alias Withenshawe Park' (Stewart Brown 1938, 110). Surveys ofthe Wythenshawe
demesne in 1640, 1648 and 1656 list the Cross Fields alias 'Northen Parkes' and 'Northenden
Park', and the 'The Parkes or Crossfields' are named in 1666 (Shercliff 1974, 72; JRULM
TWY1195,347,341). The 1641 map identifies 'Northenden Park or Crosse field' with a group of
fields to the north-east of the present Park, in an area now crossed by Princess Parkway, while on
the Northenden tithe map this same area is shown as divided into fields named the 'Great Parks',
'Little Park', 'Lower Park' and 'Little Lower Park'. The origin ofthis park name is uncertain. Deer
parks are known to have been associated with a number of local manorial seats in the late medieval
and post-medieval periods. Such parks are shown, distinguished by their fences or pales, on the
maps of Cheshire by Saxton in 1577 and Speed in 1610 to the west at Dunham Massey and east at
Bramall Hall but not at Wythenshawe itself. Other evidence suggests that the area of this early
Wythenshawe Park was already subdivided into smaller fields by 1558, when a survey lists pastures
'called Crossfelds' (JRULM TWYl346). In the neighbouring township ofNorthen Etchells apark
is also documented as part of the demesne of the Tattons' residence at Peel Hall. This park is
likewise documented by 1558 when a survey of the Peel demesne includes the rent from the
herbage or grazing 'ofthe pele parke' and lists fields as being 'now in the parke inclosed' (JRULM
TWYl346; Shercliff 1974,37). Peel Park may have been located to the north of Peel Hall where the
Northen Etchells tithe award names a field of 19 acres as 'Park'. Again Saxton's and Speed's maps
do not indicate a deer park. It is possible that both at Wythenshawe and Peel Hall the original park
had a primarily agricultural use, as grazing. At Stockport the name of 'the Park' was associated by
the late 12" or early 1 3 ' ~century with low ground in a bend of the Goyt. This relatively small area,
though presumably enclosed, appears to have been originally used as pasture for the cattle of the
lord of the manor (Arrowsmith 1997, 50).

The earliest known explicit evidence for a hall at Wythenshawe dates from the 16Ihcentury and the
time of Robert Tatton, who succeeded to the lordship in about 1540 and who died in 1579. A deed
of 1530 concerning Northenden Mill includes a footnote which states that Robert rebuilt the Hall
after a fire:

'Schedule of gift o f a parcel of lands to erect Northenden Myle at the reedifyingof

the same the year within written. By Robert Tatton who also (with Godd's helpe)
reedyfied Wtinshawe after it was brent' (Shercliff 1974,24).

A survey of Robert Tatton's estates in 1558 provides the earliest, if brief, description of the hall
(Table 2), while more detailed information is provided by Robert's probate documents of 1578-9.
Physical evidence for a possible link with Robert Tatton is provided by a painted frieze on the north

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January 2007
 wall of the Withdrawing Room in the Hall, which includes the arms of the Tattons and Mascies of
Dunham. This may be a reference to the grant of Wythenshawe to Robert de Tatton by Alice,
daughter of William de Mascy in the 141hcentury, but there may also be an allusion here to Robert
Tatton's own marriage in 1539 to Dorothy, the daughter of the lord of Dunham Massey, Sir
William Bothe (Taylor 1993, 4-5).

Precisely how long there had been a hall at Wythenshawe prior to Robert Tatton's day is unknown.
However, one piece of documentary evidence suggests that such a building was in existence by at
least the early 14" century. In 1316 Thomas de Mascy granted to William his son one messuage, or
dwelling, and all his land in Wythenshawe, except for land which he had given to William de
Baggelegh (Eanvaker 1877,306). That this messuage was a medieval hall of the de Mascies, as
opposed to the dwelling of a tenant, is suggested by the detail given within this charter that Thomas
de Mascy made the grant while he himself was 'staying at Wythenschawe'. In the 19"century the
architect Edward Blore is said to have supposed rooftimbers above the Withdrawing Room to have
dated to the reign of Edward 111 (Taylor 1993,.4), but this dating has not been confirmed by the
recent examination ofthe building by Clare Hartwell and Matthew Hyde (Clare Hartwell, personal
communication).

4.3.4 A moated site?

It is repeatedly reported in modem accounts that Wythenshawe Hall was a moated site. The earliest
known statement to this effect is by Henry Taylor in the 1880s who wrote of this moat 'which is
now filled up, but the lines of which have been discovered during draining operations' (Taylor
1884, 139). More recently the remains of the moat are said to have been found during restoration
work in 1953 (Groves 1992, i). According to Jill Groves one of the reasons why the siege of
Wythenshawe Hall lasted as long as three months was that it 'was defended by a moat and a low
retaining wall' (Groves 1992, 13).

In some reports there seems to be confusion between the suggested moat and the line of the ha-ha
which fronts the Hall. Thus in the 1890s one account made reference to the moat, adding that 'the
lines of which may still be discerned' (Manchester Weekly Times 17 March 1893, 5 ) , while more
recently it has been stated that the moat 'is still recognisable from a dip in the ground a short
distance in front of the house' (de Figueiredo & Treuherz 1988,207). This ha-ha (site 11) dates
only from between 1858 and 1 867, and earlier 19"-century mapping and illustration shows no other
visible feature along its line. Henry Taylor, writing that the moat was 'now filled up', evidently
supposed the moat and ha-ha to be two distinctive features.

The existence of a moat at Wythenshawe is consistent with the drift geology of the Hall which
appears to sit on a finger of impermeable boulder clay rather than better draining sands and gravels
which flank this on the north and south. On historical grounds, the existence ofa moat may also be
consistent with the medieval origins of the Hall. From the documentary evidence the de Mascies
had very probably a residence here by the early 141h century (see above, 4.3.3), possibly built
following the acquisition of the estate from the Abbey of St Werburg in 1270. In Greater
Manchester firm dating evidence for the construction of individual moats is sparse but the general
heyday does seem to fall between the late 13Ihand the late 14" century.

However, not all medieval hall sites in the region are known to have been moated. Furthermore, in
the case of Wythenshawe, there is the problem that while there is a good body of post-medieval
historical sources relating to the Hall, these are apparently silent about the existence of a moat.

Firstly, there are several known descriptions ofthe hall in surveys dating from 1558 to c 1700 none

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 of which makes mention of such a feature (see Table 2). While some ofthese descriptions are brief,
they also include a fairly detailed account from 1656. One of the more terse descriptions was
compiled in 1648 in connection with the sequestration of Robert Tatton's estate and is to be
compared with a description of his moated site of Peel Hall in ~ o r t h e n ~ t c h e l ldrawn
s, up at the
same time, which lists 'The House and gardens within the mote, the outhouses gardens and Coorte
without the mote' (JRULM TWYl195).

Secondly, no mention of a moat has been found within contemporary sources relating to the Civil
War siege. The most detailed account ofthe preparations made in defence of the hall appears to be
that given by Thomas Mallory, who was ejected as minister from Northenden church in 1643:

'So to be ready to receive our men who under the name of Parliament came to
overthrow our laws, our Mr. Robert Tatton called into his house his tenantry and
servants together with as many Royalist Soldiers who could be gathered from the
parts around about; and much timber and arms and ammunition of all kinds were
brought in such as guns and muskets, powder and shot, and swords: and had great
stores such as bullocks, pigs and sheep, and fowls of all kinds, ready to stand a
siege: and as I had opportunity to see, a very fair preparation was made; for all outlet
and inlet to the house save a small back door, was all blocked, and there was no
place where light would get in save here and there where holes were made for the
soldiers to fire through' (Shercliff 1974, 11 I).

The blocking of doors and windows, leaving firing holes, is the main defensive measure known to
have been undertaken by the garrison and may in itself have been sufficient to keep the attacking
force at bay until the arrival of cannon from Manchester made this form of defence no longer viable.

Thirdly, there is the evidence of the 1641 map, which does not show a moat (Ill. 12)

What does emerge from the 16"- and 17"-century surveys is that the site included an inner and outer
court, with the Hall itself presumably set within the inner. It is not impossible that this inner court
was at one time defined by the line of a moat, but if such a feature had existed it would seem to have
been infilled by the mid-17" century so as to be no longer of any consequence.

It is also possible that the remains found in 1953 and mentioned by Henry Taylor which were
interpreted as evidence for a moat related to one or more early fishponds (on which see below,
4.4.6).

1 4.4 The Post-Medieval Hall and Outbuildings: id-16Ih - 1 7 ' ~Century

4.4.1 The Hall

The present Wythenshawe Hall comprises an elongated range of buildings, aligned north-south, with
its frontage on the east. Its earliest part is a timber-framed core consisting of a two-storey block
containing the great hall, now known as the Dining Room, and the room above this known as the
Withdrawing Room, with lower two-storey cross-wings projecting well forward at either end ofthis
block (Ills. 35-37.42 & 43). In each ofthe two angles between the core block and the cross-wings is
a shallower bay, which mark the upper and lower ends of the great hall; that on the north contains
the entrance porch, while that on the south lit the high table. The upper floor and roof structure of
the main block may represent a secondary phase, replacing the upper part of an early great hall open
to the roof. A stair tower is situated at the south-west comer of the hall block and is certainly a

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 secondary feature, which was possibly built when the upper floor war; added (Hartwell et al2004,
501-2).

The fullest early lists of rooms in the Hall are provided by the inventories compiled in 1643 and
1673 (Table 1). These include 'the hall', 'the great dining room' and 'little dining room', all of
which may have been contained in the present building. ('The great dining room' has been equated
with the present Dining Room (Taylor 1993, 8) but this is perhaps more likely to have been the
'hall', which is otherwise difficult to place). The present building must have also contained at least
some of the nine or so 'chambers' mentioned in the same sources. The 'Long Gallerye' mentioned in
1643 is more problematic. Henry Taylor suggested that this may have been a room over the
Withdrawing Room, 'now used as a servant's dormitory' (Taylor 1884, 141). This is unlikely to
have been a long gallery in the conventional sense, but the 1643 inventory suggests the 'Long
Gallerye' was used for storage, leaving this identification a possibility (Hartwell et a1 2004, 502;
Clare Hartwell, personal communication).

Among the service rooms mentioned, the 'buttery' is likely to have been contained within the ground
floor of the cross-wing at the lower end ofthe hall. Other service buildings, however, are likely to
have been situated beyond the present timber-framed building. These include the kitchen area,
probably accessed via a central passage in that wing and located on the north, where the later
extensions now stand.

A note added to the 1643 inventory lists materials which 'weare made and boughte to builde a
Kitchen and Bruehouse before anye thought of Warres here in Englande'. These consisted of '120
thousand bricks' which had cost £60 but had been sold off for much less, and timber bought from
Cheadle (Earwaker 1877, 314). References in 1666 and 1673 suggest that a second kitchen was
eventually added after the Civil War (Table 1).

4.4.2 The Chapel

A chapel is mentioned in the 1643 inventory, and is also documented in the Northenden parish
register in 1688 which records that on 24 July ofthat year 'Mr John Greenhall of Brandlesom, and
Mrs Ann Tatton, of Withinshawe, were married in Withinshaw Chappell' (Eanvaker 1877,304). A
note added to the 1643 inventory includes 'one bell in the Chappell', which had been removed to
Manchester following the siege; a later hand reports that the bell, cast in 1641, was restored to
Thomas William Tatton by Francis Dukinfield Astley, the owner of Dukinfield Hall (Shercliff 1974,
69). A plaque commemorating the return ofthe bell in 1807 is now on display in Wythenshawe Hall.

At some point after 1688 the chapel fell out of use and Eanvaker in the late 19Ihcentury wrote that
'its exact site is not now known' (Eanvaker 1877,3 17). Henry Taylor, a contemporary of Eanvaker,
noted of the 1643 inventory that 'no trace remains of the chapel here referred to, which Mr. Tatton
thinks was pulled down two or three generations ago'. He also referred to the 1641 map and 'a
detached building to the south of the mansion, which, judging from the pointed character of the
north doorway, may possibly have been the chapel' (Taylor 1884,141), but it is difficult to identify
precisely which building is meant.

The chapel is not mentioned in other 17"-century surveys which are more summary in their details of
the main rooms in the hall but list the various types ofoutbuilding. This may favour the chapel being
located within, rather than outside, the Hall, which is also in keeping with the reference to a 'chapel
chamber' in the 1643 survey, presumably so named because it was located on an upper floor above
the chapel.

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 The name 'the Chapel Bedroom' is now attached to a room in the north wing ofthe timber-framed
building, but the basis for this is unknown.

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I Tablel: R o o m s and Outbuildings listed at Wythenshawe Hall 1578-1666

Sources: 1578-9 probate documents of Roben Tanon (Piccope 1861,9 I - 102); 16 14 inventory o f Maria Tanon
I (CRO WS); 1643 inventory (JRULM TWYl293); 1656 survey (JRULM TWY1347); 1666 survey (JRULM
TWYl341); 1673 inventory of William Tanon (CRO WS).

I 1578-9 1614 1643 1656 1666 1673

I Dyning parlour Great Dyning Dyneinge room Dyninge Roome Great dineing
Room room
I Comptinge
howsse
Parlor Parlers Parlor

I Parlors Clossen

Knightes
Clossett
belonging to the
Parlor
Chamber

Black Chamber

High Chamber Highest Roome

Hyer Clossen
Blue Bed
Blyue Chamber Chamber Blew Chamber

Wainescon
Chamber Wainscon
Chamber
Red Bed Chamber
Red Chamber
Chappell
Chamber Chappell
Chamber

Buttery Chamber

Little Chamber

Above the Staire

Case

Maids Chamber

Nursery

Mistresse
Chamber

Wool1 Chamber
White Chamber

Cooke's Chamber

Chamber over the

Kitchen

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 Inner Chamber
adjoining to the
said Chamber

Mrs Tanonis
Closset

Parson's Closet

Linle Dyninge
Roome

1 Long Gallerye

Gatehouse
Chamber over the
Gates

I Linle Chamber at
the Staire Foote

Porter's Ward
Bunerie
Buttery
Kitchin
Kitchen
Dayrie house
Milke House

Chappell

Washe House

I Brewe House
Store House

Cheese House
Stable
Stable
Kill
Kilne

Halle
Two bames
Game1

Oxehouse and
Cowhouse

Douthouse

Banquetinge
house

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I Table 2: Descriptions of Wythenshawe Hall, its outbuildings, courts, yards and garden, 1558 - c 1700.

I Sources: 1558 survey (JRULM TWYl346); 1578 probate documents of Robert Tatton (Piccope 1861,9 1-102); 1640
survey (Shercliff 1974, 72); 1648 survey (JRULM TWYI195); 1656 survey (JRULM TWYl347); 1666 survey
(JRULM TWYi341); c 1700 survey (JRULM 338a).

1558 'manor place w i Outgards Gardens yards and Duthouses'.

1578 'my mansion howsse of Wthinshaw and the all the howsses buildings courtes gardens &c'

1640 'the two Orchards.. .the two Courts the gardens & outward foulds'

1648 'The Hall the Coortes the Gardens the Orchardes the Outhouses and backsides'

1656 'First the scite and Mannor house called the Hall of Withinshaw consistinge of a Stately Hall with a
dpeinge room, parlers, Kitchin, Bunerie, Larder, dayrie house and Lodginge roomes, aswerable (?)
with a Fayre Gatehouse and other necessary roomes and places in very good and decent repare Fin for
present enjoyment.

Allsoe to the said Manoor house and hall m o o Fayre large Barnes and a large Kill and douthouse
consistinge of Eleven large Bayes of buildinge well covered with slate and in good order and a large
stable with other roomes thereto necessary allsoe in good plight and order fit for presente imployment,
and well covered with slate, a large Oxehouse and Cowhouse with an ordinary stable and a large
Granarie over it, and allsoe divers other Bayes of good buildinge for all maner of necessaries for
housekeepers in good repaire Together with a Banquetinge house of Bricke and slated and walles there
unto belonging in decent order.

Allsoe two large orchards, the one lately planted with Choice Fruite bees, severall gardens with many
outlandish Fruite trees and other trees and plants, vines, flowers and herbes, and other garden plans
with lnner Courtes outward courtes Foldes and yards containeinge about Four Acres of Land by
Cheshire Measure.'

1666 'The Mamor house or hall of Withinshawe consistinge of a very faire and stately Hall with a dyninge
Roome all sorte of faire and comlye Lodginge roomes, Kitchins Larders, Butteries, washinge roomes,
Oven houses, Barnes, Stables, oxhouses, store houses, Granneries, and all other sorts of outbuildings
necessary wth a very faire Gate house before the Hall, lnner Courtes and out courtes, fouldes, yards
and orchards and severall sorts of Gardens, with Bleachinge yards, severall fish ponds in the yards, and
Backsides with a large dovehouse and like accommodation answerable to the said Mannor House, wch
is now to be built and made about'.

c 1700 'The Mannor House of Withinshaw, with the Gardens Orchards Bleaching yeards lner Courts and
outward Courts, with all necessary out building, and allsoe one f a m e Houss with severall fish ponds'.

I
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1 4.4.3 The Gatehouse
i

I The gatehouse is explicitly mentioned in the surveys of 1656 and 1666 and its existence is also
implied in the 1643 inventory which refers to the 'chamber over the gates' and thus indicates that
this was a two-storey structure (Table 1). The 1666 survey describes it as a 'faire Gate house before
the Hall'

In the late 19Ihcentury Henry Taylor supposed that its position resembled that at Kenyon Peel Hall in
Salford where a detached gatehouse stood a little distance in front of the centre of the main hall
range (Taylor 1884,56-9, 141). Shercliff identities the gatehouse with an outer building shown on a
slant on the 1641 map, and located by a roadway leading from the highway, the forerunner of the
present drive from Wythenshawe Road (Shercliff 1974,73) (Ill. 15,C).Clare Taylor, on the other
hand, has supposed that gatehouse to have been a building shown at the entrance to that early drive
(Taylor 1993, 7) (Ill. 15,G).A third possibility is that the gatehouse was a structure shown to the
east of the Hall, depicted with a possible track or roadway to either side (Ill. 15,B), although this
lends itself to another explanation (see below).

4.4.4 The Banqueting Home

I
Included in the 1656 survey is 'a Banquetinge house of Bricke and slated and walles there unto
belonging in decent order'. This building also figures in evidence relating to Robert Tatton's
garrisoning of the Hall and in particular to the role of John Bretland in the events of this period.
Bretland of Thomcliffe Hall, near Mottram-in-Longdendale, was steward of Robert Tatton's
manorial courts ofNorthenden and Etchells before the Civil War. Although he sided with Parliament
in that conflict, his moderate stance aroused the suspicions of more radical elements among the
Cheshire Parliamentarians and in 1647 his estate was sequestered (Nevell 1991,70). One accusation
against him was made in a deposition given in 1646 by James Brownhill, a former servant of Robert
Tatton, who stated that during the period when Wythenshawe Hall was garrisoned Bretland had
made a number of visits, often at night and 'had private conference with the said Mr. Tatton at the
Banqueting house, there for many hours together severall tymes'. Bretland subsequently fought
against his sequestration which in 1654 was overruled. As part of these proceedings, among the
questions which in November 1653 Bretland asked of witnesses was 'Doth not the Bowlinge Ally
and Banqueting house adioyne to the Moore and Comon Highway farre distant from the said hous
and how farre?'. Brownhill repeated his previous allegation and stated that 'the banquetinge howse
standeth neare the Comon, somethinge more than pistole shon from the Hall in Garrison aforesaid
and saith that sometimes the soldiers in the said garrison did keep gard at the said Banquetinge
howse'. According to another witness, James Blomeley of Gatley, 'the bowleinge ally and
banqueting howse are neare adioyninge to the yard and fould of Withinshawe house' (JRULM
TWYl194).

Shercliff suggested that the Banqueting House was to be identified with a distinctive structure on the
1641 map located to the west ofthe main group of Hall buildings and shown with acupola(Shercliff
1974, 73) (Ill. 15, F). However, the typology and location of this building is consistent with this
having been a dovecote (see below) and there are two other perhaps better candidates.

The first is a distinctive structure shown on the 1641 map on the east side of the complex of Hall
buildings (Ill. 15,B). This is shown with a square plan with a gable on each face, and an entrance on
the west; it is also shown capped by two chimneys. Shercliff appears to identify this as the Hall
itself, but that is surely the larger complex shown to the east (Ill. 15,A). The square gabled building
resembles a well-known type of detached 17"-century building associated with hall sites, comprising
a two-storey structure in which the upper floor overlooked a garden area or expanse of parkland. The

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 depiction of two chimneys would be consistent with this being a high status building, with a heated
upper room in which the Tattons and their guests could dine.

However, the 1641 map depicts this building with a linear feature to either side which could be
interpreted as a track or roadway running to the door and possibly passing through the building. This
might suggest another explanation, namely that this was in fact the gatehouse. Furthermore, the
position of this building is not entirely consistent with the implication ofthe 1653 enquiry that the
Banqueting House stood close to the common land ofNorthenden Moor. This evidence might favour
an alternative location for the Banqueting House, namely that it was-the building shown on the 164 1
map by the entrance to the northern approach to the Hall (Ill. 15, G). However, this interpretation
itself faces the difficulty that this is the least imposing of all the buildings shown associated with the
Hall.

The bowling ally referred to in 1653 is not known to be otherwise documented as a feature of the
Hall.

4.4.5 Other Outbuildings

A 'gamer' or barn is listed at the Hall in 1578 and 1644. The 1656 survey mentions two bams and
lists these in the same breath as other features of Hall complex, a kiln and a dovecote: 'twoo Fayre
large Barnes and a large Kill and douthouse consistinge of Eleven large Bayes of buildinge well
covered with slate and in good order' (Table 2).

The dovecote appears to be referred to as early as the 1558 survey, as 'dufhouses'. A reference in the
1666 survey to 'Backsides with a large dovehouse' implies that it was sited to the rear of the Hall.
As such it may well be the building shown on the 1641 map in a yard to the west ofthe hall (111.15,
F). This is the structure which, in Shercliffs description, 'looks circular and is surmounted by a
cupola and small spire' (Shercliff 1974,73). It may be added that this building is also shown with a
door but no windows and that the overall form better suits a dovecote than the banqueting house as
Shercliff suggests.

' A kylne of bricke' is mentioned in Robert Tatton's probate inventory in 1579. This evidently
relates not to a temporary structure for firing bricks but a permanent brick-built structure, for his will
includes mention of a 'a peyre of longe rackes of ireron, two of the gretest broches, the greatest
chaffer of copper, a great mortar of brasse and the cestren of leade in the kylne' (Piccope 186 I , 98-
99).The contents of the kiln listed in the 1643 inventory suggests it was used at this date for corn
drying (Shercliff 1974, 68):

'In the Kilne.

Item. Wheele Timber Milne Timber & three paire
of Scrues and other odd Things 11 0 0
Item. One hand Milne & two Arkes [ie chests] 4 0 0'

It should be added that the 1579 reference provides one of the earliest, if indeed not the earliest,
pieces of evidence for the use of brick within the Manchester region. It predates by nearly two
decades the first large-scale use of the material in this area, the construction of Houghend Hall,
Chorlton, in c 1596 by Sir Oswald Moseley who had recently bought the manor of Manchester
(Hartwell et a1 2004,36,414).

On the 1641 map a probable barn is shown depicted with a gabled roof, a large centre door in its
main elevation, and with an opening in the gable to an upper floor, possibly a hayloft (Ill. 15, D).

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 The listing of two barns in 1656 might suggest that a second had been added in the interim since
1643, but this was a period when the Tanons were in dire financial straits as a result of
sequestration. It may be that the two barns mentioned in 1656 belonged to a single range, listed in
1643 as 'the Gamer'.

Stables are documented among the Hall's outbuildings from 1578 onwards. In the 1656 survey the
stable is listed alongside the accommodation for cattle and is described as part of a two-storey range
with a granary on the upper floor: 'a large Oxehouse and Cowhouse with an ordinary stable and a
large Granarie over it'. These stables were possibly situated within a smallish gabled outbuilding
shown on the 1641 map (Ill. 15, E). A note added to the 1643 inventory lists a 'Bell over the
Stabell', taken away to Manchester following the siege of 1643-4 (Eanvaker 1877, 314).

The 1578 will of Robert Tatton provides a key piece of information on the location of the stables.
Among the fields listed in that document is the 'Medowe on the backesyde of the stable' which
appears to refer to the field named elsewhere as the Hall Meadow (Table 4). The 1641 map
indicates that this was situated on the north side of the Hall complex (111. 3). Although that map
shows the suggested stable and barn as if they were on the south side of the house, this may be a
device of the cartographer faced with the problem of drawing several buildings within a limited
space. If the stables and barn were situated to the rear of the Hall, rather than the south side, the
location would both be consistent with the evidence of the 1578 will and give an element of
continuity in that it is in this direction that we find the later, Georgian, stables and farm buildings
(see below, 4.5.2).

The survey of c 1700 mentions 'one farm houss' in connection with the Hall (JRULM TWYl338a).
This is not otherwise attested and its location is unknown.

4.4.6 Courts, Gardens, Orchards and Fishponds

Two courts are listed at the Hall from 1640 onwards, and are described in the surveys of 1656,
1666 and c 1700 as comprising an inner court and an outer (Table 2). The inner court can be
assumed to have contained the Hall itself, with the outer court beyond this to the west. From the
outer court access was presumably obtained to the folds and yards also listed in the 16Ih-and 17Ih-
century sources. 'Bleaching yards' are listed in the 1666 and c 1700 surveys.

Gardens and orchards are also documented at the Hall from 1558 onwards (Table 2). The 1656
survey refers to two orchards of which one is described as 'lately planted with Choice Fmite trees',
while the 1641 map locates the orchards to the east of the Hall complex, beyond the suggested
dovehouse (111.3). The fullest description of the gardens ofthe post-medieval Hall is also provided
by the 1656 survey which refers to 'severall gardens with many outlandish F ~ i t trees
e and other
trees and plants, vines, flowers and herbes, and other garden plans'.

The 1666 and c 1700 surveys both mention several fishponds in association with the Hall. The
1641 map shows a pond to the front of the hall and another to the rear, close to the suggested
dovecote. The latter pond is also shown on 19'~-centurymapping and its site is now occupied by a
pond of modem construction (site 28)'(III. 46). Other ponds are shown on the 1641 map in the
south-west comers of Great Saxfield and Lesser Saxfield and along the field boundary between the
Laton Eye and the Three Horse Coppies.

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 There are several reports of finds being made in the vicinity of the Hall or wider Park which were
believed to date from the siege of 1643-4. The best known of these relates to the uncovering of
human remains. An early reference to this is found in 1810, when it was reported that 'Six
skeletons were found not long ago in the garden at Withenshaw, lying by the side of each other'
(Lysons & Lysons 1810,717). Other 19'~-centuryaccounts describe the discovery as taking place
'in the last century' (Helsby 1882, 609; Eanvaker 1877, 3 15). The common supposition is that
these were soldiers killed during the siege and this tallies with the account given by Thomas
Mallory:

'We heard day by day of the attempts that were made to reduce the Hall, but all
attempts were in vain. It stood out bravely against the Rebels, although at one time
they gained possession and in attempting an enhance killed six ofthe soldiers who
were defending the Great Hall, who were buried in decent manner in a garden at
the back of the House, the Rebels refusing a truce even for a day that the bodies
might be taken as was fit and laid in consecrated ground with the service of the
Church read over them' (Shercliff 1974, 112).

Other accounts relate to the discovery of cannon balls. One is reported to the have been found in
the Saxfield soon after the siege (Owen Ms vol26, 13). Others are said to have been found to the
rear of the Hall at about the end of the 1 8Ihcentury:

'some ofthe shot went over the house, and were found on draining an old fish-pond
at the back, about eighty years ago' (Manchester City News 15 June 1872, p 2).

Cannon balls said to have been used in the siege were later on display above the fireplace in the
Dining Room (Shercliff 1974, 18-82, 113-14).

4.5 T h e Hall, Outbuildings and Gardens: larn- 20Ih Century

4.5.1 The Hall

According to one late 18"-century account, at the time of the marriage of William Tatton to Hester
Egerton in 1747 'Withenshawe was than, as I presume it is still, a small old house (I believe of
timber and plaster)' (Taylor 1993,s). Taylor writes that William (d 1776) and Hester (who died in
1780 shortly after inheriting the Egerton fortune) seem to have spent their married life at
Wythenshawe and are likely to have carried out some improvement to the Hall, 'although no clues
have yet been discovered among their correspondence' (Taylor 1993,9). Some such indication is to
be found, however, in William's account books, which list several items of expenditure on the Hall
between 1734 and 1755, particularly in 1754-5 (Table 3).

Table 3: Expenditure on improvements at Wythenshawe Hall recorded in account books of William

Tatton 1733-66 (JRULM TWYJ340 & 341).
E s d
2lOct 1734 'Pd Ralph Wild for Hangings in the Parsons Room' I 13 1
3 May 1740 'Pd Mr Stafford for 20 W i t s in the Great Parlour' 3 18 0
2 1 Mar 1749 '7 bill for Glazing Dining Room' 1 14 1
2 Nov 1754 'Edm Clegge Wainscoting & flooring the Hall' 21 1 6
25 Nov 1754 'To Tho Roger for the Grate in the Hall' 6 17 0
6 May 1755 'To Chandley for Painting the Great Room' 5 14 0
22 May 1755 'To Mr Wells new furniture New Room' 18 7 6

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 Before the end of the I 8'h century a new wing, one room in width, was added at the north end ofthe
Hall. This displaced the earlier kitchen and service rooms here, and the rooms in the south wing, at
the high end of the great hall, now became service rooms, while extensions were also added at this
southern end in brick. In the same period the west side of the Hall was refronted in brick, and the
timber-framed core was stuccoed (Hartwell el a1 2004,499) . Clare Taylor believes it likely that
these improvements were carried out prior to Hester's death in 1780, citingan inventory of c 1785-
92 which seems to have been taken when the Hall had been unoccupied for some time (Taylor
1993,9). This inventory includes the Servants Hall, a room located among the new service rooms
on the south side of the Hall (Taylor 1993, 17, 27, 29; Ill. 42).

Between his coming of age in 1795 and early death in 1799, Wythenshawe seems to have been
used as a country residence by Hester's grandson William Tatton who commissioned the firm of
Gillows to provide furniture and furnishings for the Hall. Decoration of the Hall was resumed in c
1810 by Thomas William Tatton, who remodelled the library in the north wing, possibly employing
the architect Lewis Wyatt (Taylor 1993, 9-14).

The earliest known detailed plan ofthe Hall, dating from 1830, shows that post-medieval core with
the library range to the north, and the southern extensions arranged on either side of a narrow yard
(Ill. 4).

In 1855 the second Thomas William Tatton (1 81 6-85) added a conservatory on the west side ofthe
Hall (site la), in collaboration with a local landscape gardener and nursery man John Shaw (Taylor
1993, 15; WH MI0337 & M10338). The conservatory was enlarged in 1891 (Taylor 1993,22),
creating a cruciform plan (Ill. 38).

In c 1862 a billiard room was added at the north end of the library, designed by J Medland and
Henry Taylor. Adjoining this on the north again, the Tenants' Hall, by James Redford, was added
in 1879 and provided a larger venue for meetings of staff and tenants than the Georgian Servants
Hall (Taylor 1993, 16-17).

In the 1940s and 1950s Manchester City Council carried out an extensive programme of repair and
alteration at the Hall. On the east front the stucco was removed and replaced with cement rendering
with timber imitating the original framing which was found to be badly damaged. The Georgian
brick elevation on the west of the Hall was partly rebuilt but the south-east wing (site l b ) was
demolished. The conservatory built against the west elevation (site l a ) was also removed at this
period. A further programme of repair was carried out in 1978-83, during which the bell tower was
rebuilt (Taylor 1993, 20-21).

4.5.2 Stables and Farm Buildings

By 1830 a substantial complex of brick-built late 1 8 ' ~ l e a r 19'-century

l~ outbuildings stood to the
west of the Hall.

These included, on the east, a yard flanked by stables (site 2a) and a coach house (site 2c) (Ills. 47,
48 & 50). The stables buildings on the north and east sides are now a Grade I1 Listed Building but
the coach house was demolished c 1958. Taylor believes that the stables were either already in
existence, or else were constructed in the time of William Tatton (1 774-99), whose staff in 1799
included two coachmen, two racing servants and a rider (Taylor 1993, 22). The inventory of the
contents ofthe Hall compiled c 1785-92 shows that there was sleeping accommodation above the

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 stables, with five beds listed there (Taylor 1993,28). This accommodation seems to have still been
in use in 1841 when the census lists two individuals as living in the stables.

TOthe west of these stables was a substantial group of farm buildings, directly accessed by a
driveway from Wythenshawe Road (site 6). On the east side of the driveway these included
shippons and a barn set within a single long range which abutted the western side of the stables
yard. Photographs of this range show it to have been ofthe same general period as the stable block
(Ills. 51-52). These outbuildings were demolished in the mid-2oth century leaving one small, and
relatively late, structure (site 6c).

There is no evidence that the late 18Ihl 19'~-centuryfarm buildings included a farmhouse or other
accommodation for agricultural labourers. The photographic and cartographic evidence is
consistent in indicating these were all outbuildings. The census returns give separate entries for the
Hall and the Garden House (site 9), the North and South Lodges (sites 4 & 10) and in 1841, as
noted above, the Stables. They also list 'Wythenshawe Cottages' whose occupants in 1861-1 881
included a farm bailiff but in the 1891 census these are named as Gib Lane Cottages, and as such
were presumably those located just beyond the south-east boundary of the Park by the old
Altrincham Road.

4.5.3 The Ice House

T o the north of the stables a rectangular building, now demolished, is named on an 1887 plan as an
ice house (site 7) (WH). This was still standing, albeit in a derelict condition in c 1950, when
Leslie Ann Holt made a brief description:

'As the ice house is in a bad state of repair and dangerous to the public it has been
fenced in, making it impossible to make an accurate survey or to make any
reasonable sketches of the building. It is approximately 20 feet square on plan and
has a roof in the shape of a pyramid. At the apex of this roof is a small tower, similar
to that of a bell tower. The interior ofthe ice house was shaped like an egg. Enaance
to this was made through an aperture near the top, reached by a short external
staircase' (Holt 1952, 18).

Holt also provided a sketch, plan and cross-section through the building (Ill. 44) but, given her
statement about the lack of direct access due to its condition, their accuracy is uncertain.

The ice house is shown on mapping of the 1830s at which date it formed the southern end of a
larger range (site 7s) (Ills. 4,16 & 21). It has been suggested that the ice house was a conversion of
the building with a cupola shown in this approximate locality on the 1641 map (Holt 1952, 18:
Shercliff 1974, 91), but the general similarity may be coincidental.

4.5.4 The Forecourt and Gardens

The present front yard and garden to the Hall is the latest of several arrangements which are known
to have existed in the lgLhcentury. The earliest of these appears on a drawing of c 1800 which
shows the Hall fronted by a circular garden area (111.28). The second arrangement first appears on a
drawing of c 1813 which shows that this garden had been removed and that the Hall was now
simply fronted by the driveway running from north to south (WH 1962.158). This arrangement is
also shown on illustrations of 1826 and 1837 (Ills. 29 & 30), while the maps ofthe 1830s indicate
the full course of that driveway (site 33). In front of the Hall it ran across the present forecourt
while to the north and south it followed a course to the west of the present driveway.

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 A drawing by Shawe of 1843 depicts a new plan (WH 1962.162), also indicated on Twycross's
illustration of 1850 (111.31) and on the Northenden map of 1858 (111.7). The Hall was now fronted
by a more spacious open area flanked on the north by a stone wall running from the north-east
comer of the Library (which at this date marked the end of the building). On the east side of this
enlarged open space stood a sundial. The driveway across the Park had also been diverted to its
present course by 1858 with the exception that it seems to have swerved towards the Hall to enter
this open space at its north-east comer.

By 1867 this arrangement had been replaced by the ha-ha (site 11) (WH M10358). This created an
enclosed forecourt physically distinct from the driveway which was now given its present course in
front of the Hall. The northem return ofthe ha-ha runs to the north-east comer ofthe Billiard Room
suggesting that it is no earlier than the addition ofthat room in c 1862. The sundial was now moved
to the centre of this forecourt, with the north and south sides of the forecourt occupied by a square
garden area.

The Northenden tithe award lists the Hall and its immediate surrounds as including 'Pleasure
Ground, Gardens' (Ill. 16). The tithe map and 1830 estate map (111. 4) suggest that by this period
there was already a band of trees screening the south side of the Hall and the stables and farm
buildings, while gardens already seem to have been in existence to the north and west of the Hall
defined by a curving boundary.

Between 1858 and c 1867-71 this garden area appears to have been extended to the west, and on
the north was now defined by a straighter boundary and on the west by a new boundary running
alongside the driveway to the farm buildings (Ills. 7 & 17). OS mapping of 1876 shows this areaas
a formal garden (111. 8). Clare Taylor attributes the creation of the formal gardens to both the rear
and front of the Hall to John Shaw but dates these to the 1850s (Taylor 1993,22).

4.5.5 The Walled Garden

The Walled Garden (site 8) to the south ofthe Hall is clearly shown on the 1830 Northenden estate
map and also appears to be indicated on Greenwood's map of Cheshire of 1819. By 1867-71 a row
of glasshouses extended along the western half of the north wall (site Sa), which at their eastem end
may have included an original structure built by 1830. By that early date a detached range was
situated outside the south wall of the Garden (site 8b) but had been removed by 1858 when
glasshouses had been erected outside the west wall (site 8c).

By 1830 a range of buildings also ran along the outside ofthe north wall of the Garden (site 9). The
present extent of this range seems to have been established by 1867-7 1 and includes a cottage at the
east end with outbuildings adjoining this to the east (Ills. 63 & 64). Census returns from 1841 -1901
list the gardeners and their families as living in the Garden House or the Gardens and presumably
refer to this cottage.

4.6 The P a r k

4.6.1 The Wythenshawe Demesne, I @ - 1ghCentury

In 1641, as shown on the Martinscrofie map, most of the area ofthe Park lying within the township
of Northenden lay within the Wythenshawe demesne. On the east this demesne included the two
fields named on the map as Great Saxfield and Gorsie (also Lesser or Higher) Saxfield, bounded on

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 the east by Gib Lane (Ills. 2 & 3). On the south the demesne followed the township boundary along
the Baguley Brook and, east of the early bridge over the brook (site 31), the old Altrincham Road.
On the north, outside the demesne, the map shows a routeway along the line of the present
Wythenshawe Road, named as 'the footway to Laton Bridge'. However, much of the boundary of
the demesne on this side lay some distance to the south of this routeway which crossed the southern
edge of the common land of Northenden Moor. The boundary here followed a watercourse which
crossed this 'footway at Laton Bridge' at a point roughly opposite the north-east comer of the
modem miniature golf course. (Although the modem copy of the 1641 map by Frank and Teretta
Mitchell appears to show the boundary following a routeway, on the original map this feature is
coloured blue.) From Laton Bridge this boundary curved into the present Park and only rejoined the
modem boundary (or its approximate line) at a point close to the Park's north-east comer.

The divergence of the demesne boundary from 'the footway to Laton Bridge' was greatest in the east
where the boundary in 1641 seems to have roughly coincided with the southern side of present areas
of woodland within the north-east fringe of the Park.

The demesne in 164 1 excluded the north-west ofthe Park, which was occupied by four fields named
as 'Buttons htacks' and an area shown as occupied by a series of ponds and named as 'Laton Pitts'.
These pits, which lay within the present Nan Nook Wood, may have been areas from which sand and
gravel were extracted for repairing local roads (Shercliff 1974,73). The 'Laton Pitts' are shown on
the 1641 map as part of the common land of Lawton Moor, a western extension of the larger
Northenden Moor. Lawton Moor probably originally extended to the boundary ofthe Wythenshawe
demesne for the name 'intake' implies an area of former common land.

The demesne area within the Park was divided into over a dozen fields, shown on the 1641 map as
bounded by trees or hedgerows. The two largest, on the east, were the Saxfields. On a survey of
1558 the Lesser Saxfield is described as a 'new hay' (Table 4) implying that it and Greater Saxfield
had once formed a single field. Today the area of Lesser Saxfield contains ridge and furrow
earthworks c 8m wide (site 16). In the 18" and 19" centuries there is a small body of evidence
indicating the use of this area of the Park as pasture. Thus the accounts of William Tatton for the
years 1742-6 show that 'the Saxfield' was being used for the grazing of cattle and horses both by
himself and others who leased grazing rights here (JRULM TWYl340). The Northenden tithe award
of 1839 shows that the two Saxfields were used as pasture at that date. In the late 19" century the
antiquarian John Owen described 'Saxfield' as a 'field or ley', ie untilled land, in which stood an
ancient thorn said to have been planted on the spot where a cannon ball was found soon after the
siege of 1643-4 (Owen Mss vol26, 13). This last tradition, if authentic, might imply that this area
had been resewed for pasture since at least the 17" century.

Ridge and furrow earthworks are also found elsewhere within the Park particularly to the north and
south-east of the Hall (sites 17-23). Earthworks of this type can be indicative of medieval strip
farming but they can also relate to drainage and be of a later, even relatively recent, date. With the
possible exception of Lesser Saxfield, the likelihood is that these earthworks represent drainage of a
fairly late date. Some (sites 17 & 18) appear to respect and therefore to be no earlier than the line of
the present driveway which crosses the Park to the east of the Hall and which dates from between
1839 and 1858 (see above, 4.5.4). An area of ridge and furrow to the north of the Hall (site 21)
appears to be overlaid by a circular pathway which the cartographic evidence shows to have been
laid out by 1908. These instances suggest that the demesne underwent a programme of improvement
in drainage in the mid- to late 191hcentury. It may not be coincidental that, with the exception of
Lesser Saxfield, the areas of ridge and furrow correspond with much of the open parkland which
existed to the north, east and south ofHall in the 1 9 ' ~century (see below, 4.6.2). One area of ridge
and furrow, to the south of Baguley Brook and outside the early Wythenshawe demesne,

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 corresponds with an area shown on mapping of 1960 as a nursery (site 22).

The two Saxfields were bordered on the west by the Calf Crot? and the Swine Parks. The latter is
shown on the 1641 map as divided into two but in 1558 and 1578 the reference is to the Swine Park
(Table 4) implying that this was originally one field. The Hall complex was flanked on the north by
Hall Meadow and the south by Hall Field. Alongside the Baguley Brook lay four fields sharing the
name 'ee' or 'eye', indicating that they were used as water meadow. The easternmost of these is
named on the 1641 map as Emans but a number of variants of the name are also found (Table 4).
These include Emots in 1578, leading Dodgson to suggest that the derivation may be from the
Middle English personal name 'Emmot', a pet-form of Emma (Dodgson 1970,239).

Long Eye, which adjoined this on the west, is shown on the 1641 map with an extent which hardly
seems to explain why it should have been so distinguished from its neighbours to the west but other
evidence shows that these had previously consisted of smaller units. Thus Laton Eye is listed as two
Lawton Ees in 1558, while surveys of the 1640s show that the field then known as the Wheat Eye or
Great Meadow and incorporated two smaller fields known as Wheat Eye, a field named as Buttons
Daymath and the eastern part of a field named the Cowfall (Table 4). To the north of the Great
Meadow, the 1641 map shows the Black Field, which the surveys show to have been also known by
1640 as the Marled Field and which had itself been formerly divided into two. Between the Black
Field and the Hall Field were the Three Horse Coppies, with the Hemp Crofts adjoining these on the
north.

In addition to the land around the Hall, the 1641 map shows three other areas in Northenden
belonging to the Wythenshawe demesne. Two of these were located on the north side of
Wythenshawe Road. One here formed the bulk of the land separating Northenden Moor and Lawton
Moor and comprised the fields named on the 1641 map as 'The Fower Grasse Hayes'. The other
bordered the east side of Northenden Moor and comprised 'Northenden Parke or Crosse Field' (on
which see above, 4.3.2). The third area of demesne lay immediately to the east of Gib Lane and
included the fields named on the 1641 map as 'Broad Field', 'The Hollowe Fulchas', 'Marled
Fulchas in Northen', 'The Three Langleys', 'Linney Fields in Northen', as well as the Street Field
shown on a part of the map now damaged (see above, 4.1.2).

In 1578 the core of the demesne including the Saxfields on the east, and the Hall Meadow, Hall
Field and Long Eye on the west were bequeathed, along with the Hall, by Robert Tatton to his wife
Dorothy to have for the remainder of her life (Piccope 1861.92-3). Between the 1640s and 1660s
successive surveys list the extent ofthe demesne as shown on the 1641 map (Table 4). In an undated
survey, possibly c 1700, the demesne no longer included the Black Field and the Wheat Eye or Great
Meadow, while by 1733 the Wheat Eye again seems to be a part, now listed under the name of
Cowfalls.

Subsequent to the 164 1 survey the core ofthe demesne was extended northwards across the southern
fringes of Lawton Moor and Northenden Moor as far as what is now Wythenshawe Road. This
process was under way by 1798 when a map was drawn in preparation for the enclosure of these
moors. By this date, except on the north-west, the demesne land extended to a straight boundary
which seems to coincide with the line of the modem railings on the northem boundary of the Park.
Between this line and Wythenshawe Road, then as now, was a narrow band ofwoodland, described
in the 1839 tithe award as a 'plantation'. The position of this wood suggests that it was intended to
give an element of privacy to the demesne as well as providing a source of timber. In 1798 this
woodland lay on land which the Tattons had encroached from the common. On the north-west ofthe
Park there still appears to have been an area of common land where the 1641 map shows the 'Laton
Pitts', although here some encroachment had taken place, involving the planting of a further area of

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 woodland adjacent to the Wythenshawe demesne. Under an agreement of 1801 the commons were
divided among local landowners and as part of this process William Egerton was confirmed as
owner of these plantations and granted the remainder of the former area of 'Laton Pitts'.

Prior to 1798 and post-I641 there would appear to have been at least one phase of expansion ofthe
demesne on this northern side. On the north-east the 1641 map shows the northern boundary ofthe
demesne curving away from the present Wythenshawe Road. Between 1641 and 1798 it seems that
the demesne boundary was first pushed northwards to the line ofthe present Park railings and then a
band of woodland was planted on the strip between this new boundary and Wythenshawe Road.
Since only the second area of land was included in the enclosure agreement of 1801, it seems likely
that the earlier encroachment had happened prior to living memory, ie in the early 1 8Ih century or
before, while the plantation along Wythenshawe Road was a relatively recent event.

On the 1641 map the northern boundary of the demesne followed the line of a watercourse which
ran along the southern edge of Northenden Moor and crossed the present Wythenshawe Road at
'Laton Bridge'. By 1839, as shown on the Northenden tithe map, the watercourse followed a new
course. This ran in a roughly straight line through the plantation alongside Wythenshawe Road,
where it can still be traced as a conspicuous ditch (site 13) (Ills. 85 & 86). This present course was
presumably created by the Tattons when they encroached upon the commons to establish their new
northern boundary.

4.6.2 -
The Parkland and Estate, I P 2OLh Century

By 1830 a number of fields around the Hall were opened out to create an area of parkland. On the
north this new park included the area of Hall Meadow, on the east Calf Croft, the Swine Parks,
Emans Eye, and on the south the Hall Meadow and Long Eye. Clare Taylor has suggested that the
creation of this Park may explain the sale of large amounts of oak sold from the Wythenshawe
demesne in March 1810 (Taylor 1993,22). By c 1867-71 the park had been slightly reduced in size
by the removal ofthe western half ofthe former Hall Meadow, which now became known as Three
Acre Meadow. The western boundary of the park now followed a line which is also shown on OS
mapping of 1872-6 (Ill. 8) and which is also followed by the boundary of the modern Grade I1
Registered Historic Park and Garden (Ill. 1).

The Northenden tithe map of 1839 shows that in addition to the two Saxfields to the east of the Park
Thomas William Tatton also retained at this date two fields on the west side, Lawton Eye and Little
Coppice (the Three Horse Coppies of 1641) (Ill. 6). All four ofthese fields were used as pasture. In
the west of the modem Park, in 1839 the Marled Field, Coppice and two Cowfalls were leased to a
Mary Lomax and were fanned as arable. However, the plan ofthe Wythenshawe home farm drawn c
1867-7 1 includes all this land with the exception of the western half of the Cowfalls. It also includes
land in Baguley township between the Baguley Brook and Altrincham Road. At this date this area
was divided into two fields, Brook Field on the east and the larger Oak Field on the west. In the
1830s it comprised a number of smaller fields (Ill. 5) and, as shown by the Baguley tithe award of
1838, was leased out by Thomas William Tatton, with the bulk being occupied by a John Mee. In
the south-west it also included a small farmstead leased in 1838 by a Jane Garner (site 34). This
farmstead had been removed by the time of the c 1867-71 survey. Its site now lies immediately
outside the Park, alongside the modem Altrincham Road.

Plantations

By the 1830s the Northenden part of the Park also included a number of plantations managed as part
of the Tatton's estate. These included a linear plantation along the eastern side of Lesser Saxfield

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 and a larger plantation adjoining this on the east side of Gib Lane, which by the 1870s was known as
Gib Lane Wood. There were also areas of woodland flanking the enhance to the driveway to the
Hall from Wythenshawe Road as well as the linear plantation along the northern boundary (Ills. 6 &
8).

Three smaller plantations were located on the western boundary of the park of the 1830s. By 1858
the central plantation here had been enlarged to create the woodland later documented as the Big
Round and a further area of plantation had been added to the north of this along the park boundary
(Ill. 7). The line between these two plantations is marked by a ha-ha (site 12a), which must
originally have been intended to provide an uninterrupted view to and From the Hall (Ills. 80-82). An
earthwork (site 12b) suggests that this ha-ha may have continued to the north to a small plantation at
the park's north-east comer (Ill. 83). By 1858 a subcircular plantation had been created in the
middle of the Great Saxfield. Two further areas of plantation were created against the northern and
eastern boundaries of that field by c 1867-71, together with a circular plantation in the middle of
Lesser Saxfield. The Beech Avenue which runs across the Great Saxfield and continues westwards
towards the Hall post-dates the time ofthe Tattons, being planted in 1936 (Newspaper Cuttings Box
I I I, MCL).

To the west ofthe Hall by the 1830s a plantation ran along the north side of Lawton Eye and a small
square plantation was set against the south boundary of the Coppice field. By 1858 this had been
extended to run the full length ofthat field boundary, and by c 1867-7 1 the two plantations had been
joined as one known as Mere Wood and Fir Coppice.

The largest plantation within the Park in the 1830s comprised the area later documented as Nan
Nook Wood. This was largely comprised of former land apportioned to the Tattons under the
enclosure of 1801. From mapping of 1803 it appears that a small plantation had already been created
in the eastern a n of this wood (see above) but from the same evidence the bulk of this plantation
post-dates that enclosure.

Bridges

The second Thomas William Tatton was responsible for building the bridge over the Baguley Brook
linking the ancient demesne with his adjoining land in Baguley and providing a route to Altrincham
Road (site 29) (Ill. 70). The keystones of this bridge carries his initials and the date ' 1841'.

To the east the bridge carrying the old Altrincham Road over the brook (site 30) is shown on the
1858 map (111. 7, 67-69). It replaced an earlier bridge (site 31), depicted on the Northenden and
Baguley tithe maps, located c 80m to the west. This early bridge is also shown on the 1641 map and
is named as 'Saxfield Bridge' in a perambulation of the boundary ofNorthenden in 1683 (Shercliff
1974, 103). It may also have been known as Street Lane Bridge (see above, 4.1.2). The construction
of the new bridge was accompanied by a shift in Alhincham Road from its old course on the north
side of the bridge (site 32) to a straighter alignment. This improvement was in turn replaced in c
1930 by the present Altrincham Road.

Lodges

The mock Tudor North and South Lodges were also Thomas William Tatton's work. The North
Lodge, (site 4) still standing, bears his initials and the date '1878', and was possibly designed by
James Redford, the architect of the Tenants Hall.

The South Lodge (site lo), now demolished, is known from photographs which show it to have been

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 in a similar style (Ills. 71-74) although it was earlier in date. Census returns for 1861-1901 show that
the South Lodge, also known as Wythenshawe Lodge, was occupied by the estate's gamekeeper,
while in 188 1-1 901 the North Lodge was occupied by Thomas Millington, the coachman. The South
Lodge appears to be shown on the 1858 map but does not figure within the 185 1 census.

Perhaps the last major addition to the Park under the Tattons was the construction of a range ofhot-
houses in the early 20Ih century by Thomas Egerton Tatton whose wife Essex Mary Tatton was a
keen gardener. The hot-houses were the work of R Halliday & Co of Middleton and included a
vinery, peach house and fernery. They are said to have been commissioned in 1902 but do not
appear on OS mapping of 1907-8 (Ill. 9). In the 1930s they were remodelled when the Darrah cacti
collections were moved to Wythenshawe from Alexandra Park (Latimer 1987,23; Taylor 1993,23).

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5. Gazetteer o f Sites

The following gazetteer lists the sites within the Park identified by the present assessment. For their location
see Ills. 11,21 & 27.

1) Wythenshawe Hall
SJ81608982
SMR 16.1.0
Listed Building Grade U*

Listed Building Description:

'Manor house (seat of the Egerton family of Tatton); now museum and art gallery. Earlier C16, altered in
C17, partly re-built c. 1797, enlarged in earlier C19 and further altered in later C19. Timber frame and brick,
with green slate roofs. U-plan formed by hall-range flanked by projecting wings, with porch in right-hand
angle and oriel in left-hand angle; plus later additions to ends and rear. The C16 portion is all 2-storeyed,
the 3-bay hall range and its gabled porch and oriel higher than the wings; all of post-and-stud construction
with herringbone bracing, the upper floors and gables jettied to the front, and all the gables with projected
wallplates which have pendants (those of the porch and oriel elaborately carved), bressummers and
bargeboards with rich running-vine carving, and apex finials. The porch has a Tudor-arched doorway with
cawed lintel, a band of quatrefoils over the jetty, and a 6-light mullion-and-transom window at 1st floor; the
hall has a large 12-light transomed window on each floor; and the oriel has transomed windows of 6 lights
at ground floor and 8 lights above. Both wings have canted mullion-and-transom bay windows at ground
floor (probably C19), transomed 6-light windows above, the re-entrant of the north wing has a 4-light
mullioned window at 1 st floor and the return side ofthe south wing has an external chimney stack. All these
windows have leaded glazing, some in original diamond pane form and some with larger honeycomb-
pattern panes (probably CI 9). Early C19 addition attached to the right-hand side ofthe north wing, 3 bays,
with gabled centre which has avery large mullion-and-transom window at ground floor, and cross-windows
elsewhere. Further addition to north of this. Rear: brick, with sashed windows. Interior: hall with
remodelled Jacobean-style decoration (dated 1871-72 on beam of oriel window); early C19 library; fine
open-well staircase with alternately twisted balusters. The principal feature of interest is the drawing-room
over the hall, which has a CI 7 internal porch; remains of C16 painted "panelling" now exposed on the north
end wall, with an elaborate painted frieze including shields and Bacchanalian figures, fTonds, roses, etc; and
very elaborate early C17 panelling to the other walls, includinga dado with fluted Ionic pilasters, amoulded
cornice to this, a band of carved round-headed arches with fluted pilasters, recessed panels over these with
fluted Ionic pilasters, and a strap-work frieze; and coffered panelled overmantel; all this panelling with
geometric fret inlay.'

A glass conservatory (site l a ) was erected against the west elevation ofthe Hall in 1855, to designs by John
Shaw (WH MI 0337 & M10338). Originally built with a rectangular plan but enlarged in 1891 (Taylor
1993,22), and shown on subsequent OS mapping as cruciform. Still shown on mapping of 1935 but a plan
of 1946 shows that it had been demolished (WH M10343). A photograph said to be of 1944 also shows that
it had been removed, leaving the ghost of its gable on the west elevation of the Hall (111. 39).

The 1830 Northenden estate map and later maps show two projecting wings on the south side of the Hall,
flanking a yard. The south-west wing is still extant. The south-east wing (site l b ) is shown on the 1934 OS
map but a plan of the Hall of 1946 indicates that this was to be taken down and a new garden wall to be
built on its site to enclose this side ofthe yard (WH M10343). This work had been completed by December
1948 and the new wall built using bricks from the demolished buildings (MCL Newspaper Cuttings Box

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93). A 1925 plan of the hall shows this south-east wing containing sewice rooms, including a wash room
and gun room (111. 42). On the 1946 plan the rooms to be demolished at the north-end of this wing are
shown as the caretaker's and included a scullery, larder, still room, and living room. The room adjoining
these on the south, named as wash room in 1925, is now named as a store room.

2) Stables, west of Wythenshawe Hall

SJ 8152 8981
SMR16.2.0
East and north ranges Listed Building Grade I1

Listed Building Description.

'Stable block, now stores, etc. Late C18 or early C19. Red brick, slate roofs. L-plan, with north and east
ranges enclosing a courtyard. Two storeys. The east range has a central gable with clock and bell-turret,
semi-circular windows at ground floor and circular windows at 1st floor; the north range is similar but has
altered openings. Forms group with Wythenshawe Hall.'

North and east ranges (site 2a) are shown on the 1830 Northenden estate map, forming 2 sides of a
courtyard, with the west range, still standing (site 2b) and coach house (site 2c), now demolished. On a plan
ofthe Hall of 1867 with later additions to 1942 the north-east comer ofthe stables is shown as a large loose
box, formerly a brewhouse (WH M10358).

The west range (site 2b) includes, at its north end, a building of 2-storeys and 3 bays (Ills. 56 & 58). A
photograph of 1949 shows the western elevation of this building comprising possible stables, with the
northern bay of the building abutted at this date by %farm outbuilding (site 6a), since demolished (Ill.
51).The ground floor wall of this bay (bay 1) retains white washing and also includes a window; between
bays 1 and 2 is a jamb for a door associated with the adjoining farm outbuilding (site 6a), and OS mapping
shows this leading into a cross-passage. The remainder of the west range is single-storey, the south end of
which is shown on a 1949 photograph is open-sided on the west (Ills. 49 & 55). The 2-storey northem build
is probably shown on mapping ofthe 1830s; the single-storey build is shown as a narrower detached range
on the maps of 1830, 1839 and 1858 and appears to have been enlarged to its present extent by 1867-7 1.

The range forming the south side of the stable yard (site 2c) is named as a coach house on a 1867 plan of
the Hall (WH M10358). A photo ofthe north side ofthe south range taken in 1949 (111.50) shows it to have
been brick-built, 2 storeys, of 3 bays with coach doors in the central and westem bays, that in the western
bays containing later blocking, and a round window to each bay on the 1" floor. This photograph and
another of the same date taken from the west (111. 49) show 2 stacks, one in the west elevation and one
between the central and eastern bays, but these may have been later additions. The coach house was
demolished c 1958 (Taylor 1993, 22) and a single-storey building erected on the site, but the ghost ofthe
coach house gable is still visible on the wall of the east range of the stables (111. 57).

3) Statue of Oliver Cromwell

SJ 8169 8980
SMR 12172.1.0
Listed Building Grade n

Listed Building Description:

'Statue of Oliver Cromwell. Dated 1875. Bronze statue on grey granite plinth and pedestal. Square plinth of
4 steps; pedestal in the form of a tall roughly-hewn rock with 2 lettered panels, the upper inscribed:
"OLIVER / CROMWELL I BORN 1599 / DIED 1658", and the lower : "ELIZABETH HEYWOOD TO

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THE ClTlZENS OF MANCHESTER". Large figure of Cromwell stepping forward, in gartered uniform
and with his hat beside his feet.'

4) North Lodge
SJ 81 80 9005
SMR 16.3.0
Listed Building Grade I1

Carries the date 1878 and the initials 'T W T' (Thomas William Tatton).

Listed Building Description:

'Gate lodge. Mid to later C19. Stock brick in header bond with red brick dressings and applied "half-
timbering", slate roofwith fishscale bands. T-plan. Tudor style. One low storey with steeply-pitched roof;
long wing projecting towards gateway, small canted bay window in gable end, ornamental half-timbering to
the gable, and projected verges with wavy bargeboards and apex finial; doorway in left return side (to road)
with red brick surround, and a small 2-light window left of this. Shorter wing towards road in similar style,
with similar canted bay window in gable wall and small single-light window in side wall. Ogee-headed
leaded lights to all windows. Tall coupled chimneys on both ridges. Low service wing to rear.'

5) Wythenshawe Park
SJ 81 89
SMR 16.4.0
Registered park Grade I1

Register Description;

'C20 public park formed within remnant of larger estate, with C19 and C20 garden features, 94ha.
Wythenshawe Hall had C16 timber-framed centre with C18 and c. 1816 additions. Conservatory on west
front 1855 by John Shaw and Co, enlarged 1891. First floor conservatory overlooking rock garden c. 1891,
both conservatories demolished 1951. Hall now used as museum. C18 stables, c. 1797-1810, on west
boundary of Park, with adjacent dairy yard -now planted with HT roses in box-edged beds. Lodge 1871,
possibly by James Redford, 400m to north-east. Walled kitchen garden 250111 south-west, with flower
borders and c. 1965 aviary, replacing greenhouses 1908, demolished c. 1960.
Park on level terrain and roughly rectangular in shape, bounded by motorway to east, and by suburban
housing to north (beyond Wythenshawe Road) and south (beyond Altrincham Road). Hall roughly in centre
of Park. Traces of ridge and furrow formations in open parkland to east. Estate map of 1641 by Richard
Martinscrofte shows both strip cultivation and enclosed field; the 'Great Seaxfield' and 'Lesser Seaxfield'
survive, although bisected by chestnut avenue c. 1934 running east from Hall. Statue of Oliver Cromwell,
1875, by Matthew Noble, formerly at Deansgate, Manchester, re-sited Manchester 1967 at western end of
avenue. Present areas of woodland (mainly to north-west and south-east) and belts of trees largely
established c. 1816, also pools and serpentine ponds in western half of estate. Mid-C19 development of
formal gardens to west of Hall, possibly by John Shaw and Co
Considerable development of Park since 1926. The enclosed formal and ornamental gardens to west and
north of Hall well maintained, with mature trees and displays of rhododendron, azalea and maple. Formal
bedding, rock garden. A new entrance drive runs north beyond informal gardens west of the Hall, with
broad herbaceous border screening tennis courts, with pavilion 1962. Bowling greens and golf course, post-
1934 also to west of drive. Extensive mid-C20 glasshouses for City's horticultural Department 400m west
of Hall, which also serve to display the Charles Darrah cacti collection, transferred from Alexandra Park
1934. Playing fields to west.
Hall and estate presented to City of Manchester 1926 by Lord Simon of Wythenshawe.' For the extent of

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January 2007
the registered Historic Park and Garden see Ill. 1.

6) Farm Buildings (site of)

SJ81488982

Substantial complex of buildings, shown to the west ofstables (site 2) on the 1830 Northenden estate map.
Sited on either side of driveway to Wythenshawe Road. Site largely demolished on OS mapping of 1960.
Buildings east of driveway are shown on photographs of 1949 (Ills. 51-53). On the north was a 2-storey
brick-built range (site 6a), comprising probable shippons on the east and a barn on the west. The
photographs show five ground-floor doors to the shippons and a 1"-floor hayloft with round pitching eyes,
lozenge-shaped ventilation holes and a taking-in door. The bam had an entrance with cheeks, and a pitching
eye in the west gable. To the south of this range was an L-shaped complex (site 6b), which the photographs
show to have been brick-built and of a single-storey. These buildings have all been demolished, except for a
small single-storey building on the south-west (site 6c); this is brick-built, and open-sided on the east (Ill.
62), and from the mapping evidence is an addition of 1876-1908. The plan of the remainder ofthe range
seems to have been achieved by 1858 and represents an enlargement from an earlier L-shaped arrangement
of two narrower detached ranges shown on mapping ofthe 1830s. To the east ofthe surviving building a
boundary wall runs to the western range of the stables; this is c 2m high, built in handmade brick in an
English Garden wall bond, with stone coping. The site ofthe demolished farm buildings on this side of the
driveway is now occupied by the Rose Garden and, alongside the driveway, a grassy strip with trees. On the
western side of the driveway, the earliest buildings lay immediately adjacent to the driveway where two
structures (sites 6d & 6e) are shown on the 1830 Northenden estate map and 1839 Northenden tithe map.
The 1858 Northenden map shows that a narrow elongated building had been added to the south-west of
these (site 6 9 . On the c 1867-71 map a rectangular structure had been added to their rear (site 6g). The
1908 map shows this last building with open sides, suggesting that it may have been a Dutch barn. The two
earliest buildings (sites 6d & 6e) are also shown with open sides on the east. The site ofthese two buildings
is now partly occupied by a grassy area with trees, with the, site of the building to the rear (site 6g) now
being occupied by a modem pavi~id;i':The site ofthe outlying building to the south-west (site 6 9 lies within
the tennis courts. O S mapping shows that the possible Dutch barn (site 6g) was demolished between 1916
and 1935. The other buildings to the west of the driveway were still standing at the last date but had been
demolished by 1949 when a photograph shows their site as vacant (Ill. 53).

7) Ice House (site of)

SJ 81 54 8984

Rectangular building shown on 1887 plan and named there as 'ice house' (WH). Shown as a detached
building, unnamed on the 1858 Northenden map and later plans. The building is still indicated on the 1935
OS map but on the 1960 map is shown as a 'ruin'. On the 1830 Northenden estate map and the 1839
Northenden tithe map the building is shown at the southern end of a larger range (site 7a). A detached
structure is shown to the south on OS mapping of 1876 and is still shown on mapping of 1960 but has since
been demolished. The site of the ice house forms part of a mound c 0.5m high with trees, although the site
of the ice house itself is vacant and is bounded on the south by a late 20'~-centurybrick-built wall (Ill. 45).
The site of the range shown to the north of the ice house in the 1830s now lies partly under the mound, and
partly under a grassed area and adjoining path. The ice house was described by Holt as c 20ft square with a
pyramidal roof with a small tower in the apex; egg-shaped interior with an entrance near the top, reached by
short external staircase (Holt 1954, 18) (Ill. 44).

8) Walled Garden and Glasshouses

SJ 8142 8960

Rectangular walled garden shown on the 1830 Northenden estate map. It also appears to be shown on

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January 2007
Greenwood's map of Cheshire, 18 19. Still extant. Surrounded by a wall of hand-made brick, which has
been altered or rebuilt on the north where buildings have been erected alongside (site 8). This wall is broken
by a wide central entrance on the south with small entrances through the northem ends of the west and east
walls. The 1830 map and later maps show the interior divided into four equal rectangles bounded by paths.
The southern and north-eastern entrances are shown on the 1830s maps. The north-west entrance is shown
on a map of the area surrounding the kitchen garden of c 1858 (WH M10390), but does not appear to be
shown on subsequent mapping until 1935. The 1830s maps show a small structure set against the south side
of the north wall. By 1867-71 this had been extended to the west to reach the north-west comer of the
garden. The 1907 map shows a single elongated rectangular glasshouse in this same location (site 8a). The
1935 OS map shows an unroofed structure here, while on the 1960 map two small structures are shown.
Site is now vacant. The western end is a paved picnic area; the remainder is occupied by bird pens (111.65).
In the centre of the garden is a well. A pump is shown here on OS mapping of 1916 and a circular feature is
indicated as early as the 1830 map. The 1830s mapping shows a narrow rectangular range running parallel
to but outside the west end ofthe south wall ofthe garden (site 8b). This had been demolished by 1858 and
its site is now a grassy path (Ill. 66). Beyond the west wall of the Garden the c 1858 plan and the 1858
Northenden map show an L-shaped group of buildings (site 8c). These were expanded by 1867-71 and
again by 1907. They were demolished between 1916 and 1935 and the site is now a grassy area with trees.

9) Cottages and Building along north side of Walled Garden

SJ81408963

The 1830 Northenden estate map shows a narrow range running alongside the north wall of the Walled
Garden. This is also shown on the 1839 tithe map which indicates two smaller buildings against the wall to
the east. The site is shown on the 1867-71 map and later mapping as a single range against the centre and
west of the Garden's wall. This is still standing and is now part of the Community Farm. Brick-built. The
eastern end comprises a cottage of two storeys and three bays with a central porch (Ill. 63). This is adjoined
by an outbuilding of a tall single storey, with a lower single-storey range containing stables completing the
range on the east (Ill. 64).

10) South Lodge (site of)

SJ 8176 8945

Site shown as vacant on the 1839 Northenden tithe map. Lodge shown on the ~1867-71map. A building
also appears to be shown here on the 1858 Northenden township map. Photographs of 1930 show the lodge
to have been brick-built, of 1 % storeys, with gables on the north, west and south elevations decorated with
mock timber framing, the roof of the south gable being half-hipped. These elevations also each included a
ground-floor bay window (Ills. 72 & 74). The lodge is still shown on aphotograph of 195 1 (111.73) but the
1960 map shows that it had been demolished. The site appears to be now largely overgrown with trees. On
the south side ofthe site, a stone gatepost still marks the former entrance to the driveway to the Hall, but has
lost the capping and ball finial visible on the 1951 photograph (Ill. 71).

11) Ha-ha (Wythenshawe Hall)

SJ81648982

Ha-ha comprising ditch c 5m wide and l m deep revetted towards the Hall with stone walling. Shown on a
plan of the Hall of 1867 (WH M10358) and the c 1867-71 plan oftheHome Farm. The ha-ha is absent from
illustrations of the Hall of 1843 (WH 1962.162) and 1850 (Ill. 31) and the Northenden estate map of 1858
which show an earlier arrangement of a garden wall projecting from the north-east comer ofthe library. The
northern return of the ha-ha respects the billiard room added to the Hall in c 1862.

12) Parkland Boundary (Ha-ha)

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January 2007
SJ 81 87 8982 (centre)

Ha-ha running roughly north-south between two plantations (site 12a), the larger and more southerly of
these being the Big Round. Ditch c 4m wide, c 0.5m deep; drystone wall on west side, now in ruinous and
overgrown condition (Ills. 80-82). The line of this feature is broken or infilled at the southern end and
again, c 40m to the north, directly opposite the Hall where it is crossed by a causeway on the line of the
Beech Avenue (planted in 1936). The ha-ha marks part of the boundary of parkland set out to the east of
Wythenshawe Hall by 1830. It also roughly corresponds with a former boundary between Great Saxfield
and Calfe Croft shown on the 1641 map but this map is not of sufficient accuracy to precisely locate that
field boundary. The two plantations at either end of the ha-ha were established between 1839 and 1858.
While the ha-ha is not visible beyond the northern plantation to the northern boundary ofthe Park, a shallow
depression here (site 12b) may mark the continuation of its line (Ill. 83). To the south ofthe Big Round, the
line of the ha-ha seems to be continued by a ditch c 5m wide and 0.3m deep (site 12c); c 20m to the west of
this feature is a bank c 6m wide (111. 84).

13) Earthwork along north boundary of Park

SJ 8145 9010 - SJ 8220 9002

Ditch along northern boundary of the Park, beginning by the north-eastern comer of the Park and running
westward for a distance of c 750111. c 4m wide with depth of c 0.5m (Ills. 85 & 86). Generally with broad U-
shaped profile, but towards the eastern end it shows a sharper profile in parts suggesting a modem recut.
The ditch is interrupted by the garden of the North Lodge and a short distance to either side. Indicated as a
watercourse on the 1839 Northenden tithe map. Shown on OS mapping of 1956-7 as a 'drain'. This ditch
appears to have replaced the channel of an earlier watercourse which is shown on the 164 1 map as marking
the boundary between the Wythenshawe demesne and the common land ofNorthenden and which curved to
the south through the modern Park, so that only the eastern end ofthe present earthwork appear; to coincide
with that earlier feature.

14) Field Boundary, Great and Lesser Saxfield

SJ 8200 8964 (centre)

Field boundary comprising shallow ditch running on north side ofthe modem fence and becoming more
pronounced at western end, beyond that fence, where the ditch is c 2m wide. Marks the boundary between
Great Saxfield on the north and LesserSaxfield on the south.

15) Earthwork
SJ 8 175 8970 (centre)

Curving linear depression c 8m wide visible on the ground and aerial photography. Does not correspond
with any feature known from the historic mapping.

16) Ridge and Furrow

SJ 819 895

Ridge and furrow earthworks, each c 8-9m wide, situated in Lower Saxfield which is currently used for
grazing horses and was not directly accessible during the site inspection for the present assessment. The
earthworks are most clearly visible in the northern part of the field where they run down a slope and are
aligned roughly south-south-west to north-north-east (Ills. 77 & 78). They are also visible in the south-west
of the field where they appear to run on approximately the same alignment and may also be present in the
south-east.

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January 2007
17) Ridge and Furrow
SJ 817 896

Large area of ridge and furrow earthworks visible on the ground and aerial photography. Ridges c 5m wide.
Bounded on the north by a curving linear depression (site 15) and on the south-west by the driveway.

18) Ridge and Furrow

SJ81668961

Small area of ridge and furrow earthworks visible on the ground and aerial photography. Ridges c 7m wide.
These earthworks run at an approximate right angle to, and are contained by, the driveway to the east.

19) Ridge and Furrow

SJ 815 896

Area of ridge and furrow earthworks visible on the ground and aerial photography. Ridges c 7m wide. Most
run roughly north and south, but with some at a right angle to these.

20) Ridge and Furrow

SJ 8177 8988

Narrow band of ridge and furrow earthworks visible on the ground and aerial photography. Running
roughly north-south. Of irregular width, c 3-7m wide.

2 1) Ridge and Furrow

SJ 816 900

Ridge and furrow earthworks visible on the ground and aerial photography. Ridges c 4-5m wide. Overlaid
by subcircular raised path, now grassed over. This path is shown on OS mapping of 1908 and 1916 but not
on mapping of 1934 and later.

22) Brick Kiln Field and Ridge and Furrow

SJ 8130 8944

Field named on the 1838 Baguley tithe award as 'Brick Kiln Field & Further Field in one'. This same field
is shown divided into two on the 1830 Baguley estate map. Brick Kiln Field implies the presence ofa brick
kiln in or adjacent to that field. While it is uncertain precisely which of the two fields the name was
associated with, it is plausible that the 'Further Field was located closest to Baguley Brook and Brick Kiln
Field adjacent to the old Alhincham Road. The western fringe of these fields in now occupied by a
driveway from Altrincham Road. The remainder of the area of the fields lies within an area of ridge and
furrow earthworks visible on the ground and aerial photography. Ridges c 7 wide. The area of the ridge and
furrow is shown as a nursery on the 1960 map, suggesting that these earthworks relate to 20'~-century
drainage.

23) Ridge and Furrow

SJ 8194 9000

Ridge and furrow earthworks visible on the ground and aerial photography. Ridges c 5m wide.

24) Earthwork
SJ 8199 8966 (centre)

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January 2007
 Low flat-topped bank aligned north-south, c 3m, suggestive of a trackway, and running between plantations.

1 25) Cropmark
SJ 8220 8990

I Subcircular feature, c 20m in diameter. Identified from aerial photography. Possible faint depression visible
on the ground.

1 26) Cropmark
c S J 8 1 9 4 8 9 9 2 - c S J 8217 8995

I Linear feature running roughly east-west, with northern retum at the east. Identified from aerial
photography. Lies within area of Great Saxfield and does not correspond with any known field boundary.
Does not appear to be visible on the ground.
I 27) Earthwork

Linear depression running roughly north-north-east to south-south-west, with right-angled return to east at
southern end. Identified from aerial photography. Visible on ground as shallow depression c 4m wide.
Situated on miniature golf course and has cover for drain set within its base. Possibly a modem feature but
also roughly coincides with a watercourse shown on the 1641 map. The modem copy ofthis map by Frank
and Teretta Mitchell shows this feature as a routeway but on the original map it is coloured blue. It ran from
a watercourse on the northem boundary of the park and appears to have fed a fishpond to the rear of the
Hall (site 28).

28) Pond
SJ81518985

Pond shown on 1641 map. Probably one ofthe fishponds in the Hall's yards listed in 1666. Also shown on
1830 Northenden estate map and the 1839 tithe map. Modem pond now on this site, sitting within wider
depression (Ill. 46).

29) Bridge
SJ 8125 8954

Bridge over Baguley Brook. Stone built, with single arch and plain parapet. Keystones on east side
inscribed 'T W T [Thomas William Tatton] / 184 1 '. Shown on the 1867-71 map canyingtrackway from the
Hall farm to the old Altrincham Road. This trackway is not shown on the 1839 Northenden tithe map.

30) Wythenshawe Bridge

SJ 8175 8943

Bridge canying old Altrincham Road over the Baguley Brook. Named as Wythenshawe Bridge on the 1960
OS map. Shown on the 1858 Northenden map but on the 1839 Northenden tithe map the road was carried
over the brook via a bridge located c 80m to the west (site 31). Stone-built with single-arch span flanked by
pilasters, which rise through the parapet, the base ofwhich is marked by a plain stringcourse. On the north
face this parapet continues on either side to an end pier, with the pilasters and piers having squat pyramidal
capping (Ill. 66). On the south face the parapet has been replaced but a photograph of 1944 shows the
original design to have been as on the north (Ills. 67 & 68).

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January 2007
3 1) Bridge (site of)
SJ 8166 8943

Bridge shown on the 1641 map canying the early route of Altrincham Road (site 32) over the Baguley
Brook. Still shown on the Northenden tithe map of 1839 but by 1858 had been replaced by a new bridge to
the east (site 30). No visible remains on the ground.

32) Altrincham Road, pre- c 1839-1858

SJ 8167 8944

Early line of Altrincham Road shown on the 1641 map running along the north side of the Baguley Brook
and crossing at a bridge now removed (site 31).This course is still shown on the 1839 Northenden tithe map
but by 1858 a new bridge had been built to the east (site 30) and Altrincham Road given a new straighter
alignment west of that point. The present Altrincham Road to the south of the Park dates from c 1930.

33) Driveway to Hall, pre- m i d - 1 9 ~century

SJ 8177 9004- 8166 8945

Driveway shown on the 1830 Northenden estate map and the 1839 tithe map leading across the Park from
north to south on a course to the west of the present, later drive. On the south this joined with the early
course of Altrincham Road close to the old bridge over the Baguley Brook (site 31). On the north it joined
with Wythenshawe Road to the west ofthe present entrance by the North Lodge. This early driveway passed
directly in front of the Hall crossing the area of the later forecourt defined by the ha-ha. The present line of
the driveway is clearly shown on the c 1867-71 plan. It also appears to be indicated on the 1858 Northenden
map with the exception that the central section at that date seems to have still followed a course which took
it closer to the Hall.

34) Farm 7 (site of)

SJ 8100 8936

Elongated range shown on the 1830 Baguley estate map. Shown as two separate buildings on the 1838
Baguley titheaward and named there as 'Messuage, Outbuildings &Garden', owned by William Tatton and
occupied by Jane Garner. The field shown immediately to the rear ofthis site on these maps is named in the
tithe award as 'Barn Field', and was presumably so named after a building at this site. In 1838 this field was
also occupied by Jane Gamer but the adjoining fields, between the old Altrincham Road and the Baguley
Brook were occupied by a John Mee. The site is vacant on the 1872-6 OS map. This site appears to lie
immediately outside the Park under the modem line of Altrincham Road.

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January 2007
6. Signzficance of the Remains

6.1 The Criteria

6.1.1 Although there are a wide number of methodologies for assessing archaeological significance, that
with the greatest legal standing is the Secretary of State's criteria for the scheduling of ancient
monuments, outlined in Annex 4 of PPG16 (Planning Policy Guidance 16: Archaeology and
Planning, DOE 1990). The following assessment of significance utilises these criteria.

6.1.2 Period

The known or potential remains within the Park date principally from the medieval period onwards
and relate mainly to the Hall, associated buildings and the surrounding farmland and parkland. It is
possible that the line of a Roman road runs through or adjacent to the southern edge of the Park.
There is also some potential for evidence of prehistoric activity. Anglo-Saxon activity in the general
area of the Park is suggested by place-name and field-name evidence.

The Park also includes some sites identified from aerial photography which are of unknown date.

6.1.3 Rarity

Remains relating to the medieval and post-medieval Hall, outbuildings and estate could be
considered to be of regional rarity and later, 1 8Ih-and 1 9 ' ~century,
- remains of high local rarity.
Any prehistoric, Roman and, in particular, Anglo-Saxon remains could be considered to be of
regional rarity.

6.1.4 Documentation

The area of the Park is well documented from the post-medieval period onwards, with a series of
documentary sources beginning in the mid-l 6Ih.century, cartographic sources which begin with the
map of 1.641 and continue with the mapping ofthe 19Ihcentury, and illustrative sources relating to
the Hall which begin c 1800. There is also medieval documentation which suggests a late 13"- or
early 14'h-century origin for the Hall.

6.1.5 Group Value

The group value of the identified sites is high with these principally relating to the post-medieval
and later Hall, outbuildings and demesne.

Standing buildings and structures within the Park, in addition to the Grade II* Listed Hall, the
Grade I1 Listed former stables, North Lodge and the statue of Oliver Cromwell, include the
Walled Garden and adjoining buildings, and the two mid-19'-century bridges over the Baguley
Brook.

The extent of survival of below-ground remains is currently unknown. In the case of more recent
structures such as the late 18'/early 19"-century farm buildings, the ice house, the Hall's south-
east wing and the 191h-century conservatory on the Hall's western elevation, the location and
extent of the site is known from the cartographic sources and the known subsequent land-use

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January 2007
 suggests that the likelihood of surviving remains is good. In the case of earlier documented sites,
in particular the various buildings known to have been associated with theHall in the 16' and 17"
centuries, we are primarily dependent for location on the 1641 map which provides only a general
guide. One fixed point on that map is provided by the fishpond site to the rear ofthe Hall, which
is now occupied by a modem pond. Since this fishpond seems to have represented the furthest
westerly limit of the yards associated with the Hall, it seems likely that any outbuildings on this
side of the site were sited between it and the Hall in an area now largely contained within the 19'-
century formal garden. Likewise it is also possible that the sites ofoutbuildings to the front ofthe
Hall now lie within the forecourt or the grassy areas situated between this and the driveway. Some
early elements ofthe Hall have almost certainly been replaced by later buildings, in particular the
early kitchen block whose site must lie under the Georgian extension at the north ofthe surviving
timber-framed core.

A number of sites in the Park are visible as earthworks, which include a 1 9Ih-centuryparkland ha-
ha. There are also extensive areas of ridge and furrow earthworks, many of which may relate to
19'~-centuryand later drainage.

There is the potential for below-ground remains and earthworks to be damaged by future
groundworks in the Park including the creation of new access routes, improvements to drainage
and the scouring of ditches.

6.1.8 Diversity

The known and potential sites identified within the Park include the Hall and associated structures,
earthworks, early routeways and a possible brick kiln site.

6.1.9 Potential

Several early fishponds are documented in the vicinity of the post-medieval Hall, of which the
fishpond to the west ofthe Hall can be located from the cartographic evidence. This and other early
pond sites have the potential for containing significant material, including organic remains and
palaeoenvironmental material, within any surviving early silts.

Reports of evidence of a moat around the Hall may relate to one or more fishponds. Should such a
moat have existed the evidence suggests that it had gone out of use by the 17Ihcentury. Again there
is the potential for significant remains within its fill.

6.2 Significance

6.2.1 PPG 16 draws a distinction between remains of national importance and other remains. In the case
of the former, the presumption should be in favour of preservation in situ; in the case ofthe latter,
where this is warranted by their significance, remains may undergo preservation by record, that is
the making of an appropriate record by the use of survey, photography, excavation or other
methods.

6.2.2 The known and potential archaeological remains identified by the assessment include sites of
regional and high local significance.

Universiry of Manchesrer Archaeological Unir

January 2007
Sources

CRO - Cheshire Record Office

JRULM - John Rylands University Library of Manchester
MCL - Manchester Central Library Archives
mf - Microfilm
WH - Wythenshawe Hall

Bibliography

Primary

Manuscript

CRO WS Inventory of Maria Tanon of Wythenshaw, 1614.

CRO WS Inventory of William Tatton of Wythenshaw, 1673.

JRULM TWYl194-195 Transcripts of documents concerning the Tanon family and estate in the PRO.

JRUULM TWY1293 Inventory of Wythenshaw Hall, 1644.

JRULM TWYl338a A particular of Withenshaw demesne, carefully transcribed by me Wm. Tatton and
Thomas Tatton', nd.

JRULM TWY1340 Rent book of the Tatton estate,1733-47.

JRULM TWYl341 Rent book of the Tatton estate, 1748-66.

JRULM TWYl342 Rent book of the Tatton estate, 1670-1733.

JRULM TWYl346 The rentall of the landes of Robert Tatton of Wythenshaw, 1558.

JRULM TWYl347 A Survey ofthe Lordship of Northenden belonging to Robert Tatton, 1656.

Published

Piccope Rev G J (ed) 1861 Lancashire and Cheshire Wills and Inventories III, Chetham Society 54.

Stewart-Brown R 1938 Cheshire Inquisitions Post Mortem: Stuart Period 1603-1660, Vol III, PP-,
Lancashire and Cheshire Record Society 91.

Universiry of Manchester Archaeological Unit

January 2007
Secondary

Arrowsmith P 1997 Stoc@ort: A History, Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council.

Arrowsrnith P 2007 PeelHaN Moat, Manchester: An Archaeological Desk-basedAssessment, unpublished

report, University of Manchester Archaeological Unit.

Dodgson J McN 1970 The Place-Names ofCheshire Part I, English Place-Name Society 44 (for 1966-7).

Eanvaker J P 1877 East Cheshire: Past and Present, vol 1.

Figueiredo P de & Treuherz J 1988 Cheshire Counlry Houses, Chichester, Phillirnore.

Gelling M 1978 Signposts to the Past: Place-Names and the History of England, London, J M Dent

Gelling M G 1984 Place-Names in the Landscape, London, J M Dent.

Groves J 1992 The Impact of Civil War on a Community: Northenden andEtchells in Cheshire 1642.1660,
Sale, Northern Writers Advisory Service.

Harris B E (ed) 1987 The Victoria History of the County of Chester, vol 1, University of London Institute
of Historical Research.

Hartwell C, Hyde M & Pevsner N 2004 The Buildings ofEngland. Lancashire: Manchester and the South-
East, Yale University Press.

Holt L A 1952 Architectural History of Wythenshawe Hall, unpublished typescript (MCL).

Latimer C 1987 Parks for the People: Manchester and Its P a r h 1846-1926, Manchester City Art
Galleries.

Lysons Rev D & Lysons S 18 10 Magna Britannia, vol 11, part II, The County Palatine of Chester, London.

Manchester City News 15 June 1872, p 2 (MCL).

Manchester Weekly Times 17 March 1893, p 5 (MCL).

Newspaper Cuttings Box 93: Buildings and Public Amenities, Halls 13 (MCL).

Newspaper Cuttings Box 112: Wythenshawe Park (MCL).

Owen Mss vol26 (MCL).

Ormerod G 1882 The History ofthe County Palatine and City ofchester, zndedn, revised and enlarged by
T Helsby, 3 vols.

Shercliff W H (ed) 1974 Wythenshawe: A History ofthe Townships ofNorthenden, Northen Etchells and
Baguley, Volume I : to 1926, Didsbury, E J Morten for Northenden Civic Society.

Universiry of &Ionchesrer Archaeological Unit

January 2007
Shercliff W H 1980 'Richard Martinscrofte and his Maps' Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire
Anriquarian Society 80 (for 1979), 22-9.

Taylor C 1993 'Wythenshawe Hall and the Tatton family' Transactions ofthe Lancashire and Cheshire
Antiquarian Society 87 (for 1991),1-38.

Taylor H 1884 Old Halls in Lancashire and Cheshire, Manchester.

Maps and Plans

Christopher Saxton's map of Cheshire, 1577.

John Speed's map of Cheshire, 16 10.

Map of the Lordshippe of Northenden, surveyed by Richard Martinscrofte, 1641 (WH).

Copy of Richard Martinescrofte's map of the Lordshippe ofNorthenden, made by James Whitelegg, 1840
(WW.

A Plan of Northenden and Lowton Moors, 1798 (MCL MISCl24311).

Northenden Enclosure Award Plan, 1802 (MCL MISCl24313).

Christopher Greenwood's map of Cheshire, 1819.

Plan of the estates belonging to Thomas William Tatton Esqre in the Parish ofNorthenden and Township
of Didsbury in the Parish of Manchester in the Counties Palatines of Chester and Lancaster, William Nevil,
Surveyor, 1830 (MCL M1012116).

Plan of the estates belonging to Thomas William Tatton Esqre in the Townships of Baguley and Hale and
Parish of Bowden in the County Palatine of Chester and Lancaster, 1830 (MCL M10/2/6/1).

Plan of the Township of Baguley in the Parishes of Bowden and Northen and County of Chester, 1838,
with typescript of tithe apportionment (MCL).

Plan of the Township of Baguley in the Parishes of Bowden and Northen and County of Chester (CRO
EDT 34).

Map of the Township of Northenden in the County of Chester, 1839! with typescript of 1841 tithe
apportionment (MCL).

Map of the Township of Northenden in the County of Chester, 1839 (CRO EDT 303).

John Shaw, Plan for Conservatory for T W Tanon Esq, front elevation and ground plan, 1855 (WH
M10337).

John Shaw, Plan for Conservatory for T W Tanon Esq, side & end elevations &cross section, 1855 (WH
M10338).

University of Manchester Archaeological Unit

January 2007
 Map of the area surrounding the kitchen garden, Wythenshawe Park, c 1858 (WH MI 0390)

Map of the Township of Northenden in the County of Chester, 1858 (MCL M241116)

Henry Worthington, Plan of the Home Farm, Wythenshawe, c 1867-7 1 (WH M I034 1)

Mr Wilson?, Plan of drainage and gas pipes, Wythenshawe Hall, 1867, with additions up to 1942 (WH
M10358).

OS 6in to I mile Cheshire sheet IX First Edition, surveyed 1876, published 1882.

OS 6in to 1 mile Cheshire sheet XVITI First Edition, surveyed 1872-6, published 1882.

- Wythenshawe Estate Office, Plan of Principal Drains about Wythenshawe, 1887, with additions up to
1909.

OS 1 :2500 Cheshire sheets IX. 15 Edition of 1910, surveyed 1908.

OS 1 :2500 Cheshire sheets IX.16 Edition of 1910, surveyed 1908.

OS 1 :2500 Cheshire sheets XVIII.3 Edition of 1910, surveyed 1907.

OS 1:2500 Cheshire sheets XVIII.4 Edition of 1910, surveyed 1907.

OS 1:2500 Lancashire sheet CXI.13, Edition of 1922, Cheshire revised 1916,

OS 1:2500 Lancashire sheet CXI.14, Edition of 1922, Cheshire revised 1916

OS 1 :2500 Lancashire sheet CXI.13 Revision of 1935, revised 1935.

OS 1 :2500 Lancashire sheet CX1.14 Revision of 1934, revised 1934.

City Architects for the Park Committee, Wythenshawe Hall ground floor plan, 1946 (W M10343).

0s 1 :2500 SJ 8190, 1956.

0s 1 :2500 SI 8290, 1957.
0s 1:2500 SJ 8089 & 8189, 1960.
0s 1 :2500 SJ 8289 & 8389, 1960.
OS Geological Survey Drift sheet 98 Stockport, 1 :63,360 (1962).

OS Geological Survey Solid sheet 98 Stockport, 1:50,000 (1977).

University of Manchester Archaeological Unit

January 2007
Illustrations and Photographs

MCL

m4763 1 Hall, Wythenshawe Hall, 1850.

m47634 Hall, Wythenshawe Hall, 1920.

11147635 Hall, Wythenshawe Hall, 1920.

11147660 Halls, Wythenshawe Hall front elevation, 1927.

m47661 Halls, Wythenshawe Hall rear elevation, 1927.

11147665 Halls, Wythenshawe Hall, Wythenshawe aerial view of hall from south-east, 1929.

11147677Halls, Wythenshawe Hall, stabling, 1949.

m47678 Halls, Wythenshawe Hall, stabling, 1949.

11147679 Halls, Wythenshawe Hall, stabling, 1949.

11147680 Halls, Wythenshawe Hall, stabling, 1949.

m47681 Halls, Wythenshawe Hall, stabling, 1949.

11147694 Halls, Wythenshawe Hall, Wythenshawe stable block, 1953.

m58681 Parks, Wythenshawe Park, Altrincham Road, Lodge, 1930.

m58700 Parks, Wythenshawe Park, bridge carrying the old Cheadle-Altrincham road, 1944.

m75761 Aerial Views, Wythenshawe, Wythenshawe Park, 1930.

m78060 Wythenshawe Hall, 1927.

11178888Wythenshawe Hall, west front, 1944.

WH

Drawing of Wythenshawe Hall, c 1800 (1962.1 59).

Drawing of Wythenshawe Hall, c 1813 (1962.158).

John Chessell Buckler, Withinshaw Hall, 1836 (1 962.165).

W H Calvert, Watercolour of Wythenshawe Hall, 1837 (1962.163).

L Shawe, Drawing of Wythenshawe Hall, 1843 (1962.1 62).

University of Manchester Archaeological Unit

January 2007
Edward Twycross, Wythenshawe Hall, seat of Thomas William Tatton, 1850 (1 970.544).

G Mallet, Photograph of Wythenshawe Hall East Front, pre Tenants Hall.

Aerial Photography

Cities Revealed, 1997.

Universily of Monchester Archaeological Unil

January 2007
-I i
1641 1666

Saxfeld Lower Saxefelde Great Saxfeild (13) Great Saxfield Great Saxfeilde called Greater Saxfeild (27) Great saxf~eld Great Saxfeild (16)
Lower Saxfeilde (13%)

New hey alias ?Saxfeld Higher Saxefelde Higher Saxfield Lesser Saxfeild alias Gorsie Saxfield Lesser Saxfeilde alias Lesser Saxfeild or Gorsie d e l d alias Higher Saxfeild (8)
higher Saxfeild (7) Higher Saxfeilde or Higher Saxfeild (16) higher saxf~eld(8)
Gorsie Saxfeilde (8)

Calfe Crofte Calver Crofl Calvecoft (1) Calfe Crofte Calves CroRe (1%) Calves Croft (3) Further and NeareI Calves Crofte (2) Calvers Crofl (1% )
Calves Crofte (I)

Swyne Pke Swyne Pke Sweyne Park I Swine pkes (4) I Swine Parkes Swine Parkes (4 % ) Swyne parkes (8) Swine parke (6) Swine parke (6) Swine Park (4)

Emotte Ee Emots Eie Emottes Eue Little Emonds ee (2) Emans Eye Emondes Eye (2%) Emonds Eye (5) Little Emons Eye (2) Eamons Eye Meddow Emas Eue (2% )
(2)
Long Ee I Longe Eie I Longe Eye Longe ee (4) Long Eye Longe Eye (5) Longe Eye (10) Long Eye (5) Muck Meadow (5) Muck Meadow (5)

Haule feld Halle felde I Hall Field Hall field (5) Hall field Hall field (5) haU field (lo) Hall field (5) Hall field (5) Hallfeild (6)

Haule medow Medowe on the Hall Meadow Ha11 [ l(5) Hall Medowe Hall Meddowe (5) hall meadow (lo) Hall meadowe (5) Hall Medow ( 5 ) House Meadow
backesyde of the stable

Two Lawton Ees Lawton Eye Lawtons ee (4) Laton Eye Lawtons Eye (5) Lawtons Eye (10) Laton Eye Meadowe eye medddow Lawton Eue (5)

Horse Coppice Horse Coppyes wth the Three Horse Copies Horse Coppies with the ?Standhorse Coppie Little Coppey, (1) Old Orchard & Coppy
Hempcrofts (8) Hempcroftes (8) (I), Furthest Horse Great Coppey (4), Meadow (3% )
Coppie (3), Nearer (2)
?Standhorse Coppey 2 Coppices (6)
Horse Coppie (2)

Hemp Crofts Hempcrofts (167) Hemp Crofts (I) &

great Black field

II 1 'which were once hvo

fields' (6)
I1
Wheat Eye Two wheat ees, the Wheat Eve 'now called I Two Wheate Eves, the Two wheat Eyes, the I Great meaddowe
cow falls &buttons
daymath 'now in one
the ~ r e a Meadow'
;
1 Cowalls and buttons
demath 'now m one 1 Cowfalles and Buttons
da\muth 'now in one I 'formerly in three pts
callvd the Cowr fall' & I
?Masty feld and the Black Croppese
Close called the great
meadow' (8)

Two blacke m f t s 'now

Cowfall 'now divided'

Blacke field
close called the greate
meddowe' (10%)

Two black crofts 'now

&at close called the
Greate Meadow' (21)
Two black crofts 'now
the Wheat eye wth
Buttons (9)
I
blak feld adioynyng in one Close called the in one close called the in one close called the
marled field' (5) new Marled feilde' Marled Feild' (1 1 )

Table 4: Fields within Wythenshawe demesne in the area of the modern Park, 1558 - c 1733. Acreage, as given in the sources, in brackets.

Sources: 1558 survey (JRULM TWYI 346); 1578 probate documents of Robert Tatton (Piccope 1861,91-102); 1616 mortgage (Stewart-Brown 1938, 111); 1640 survey (Sherclitf 1974,72); 1641map; 1648 survey (JRULM TWYl195);
1656 survey (JRULM TWYl347); 1666 survey (JRULM TWY1341); c 1700 survey (JRULM 338a); c 1733 survey (JRULM TWY1340).
 Key to Ills. 11, 21 and 27

Standing Building

Demolished Building

Site of Fishpond

- Linear Earthwork

RIF Ridge and Furrow

- Aerial Photograph Site

I Pre- Mid-19th-century Road

- Boundary of Field-name Site

RL 1: Wythcnlhnvo Patk, Do&-based Archwlogicel Assessment, location pllm with study m a outlined in red. Also indicated, in green, is the ares of the English Heriags registnsd Historic Park and -on. W e 1:5000.
RcpmduMdhorn m& 0 6 rmppine by p i & m of Oldnux~wSurvey m bMf of The Cmtmllar of Her Majsaty's Stntimny Office.
Q Cmwn Co&&t. All right8 mawed. Limosnumber WLB021
IIl. 2: Datail of the map of the Lordshippe of Northenden, muv9ed by Richard Martinsmfte 1641 (SherclS 1974,71), with the study area outlined. R e p d u d at c 1:5000.
Ill. 4: Detail of (modem copy?) of the L O O Northenden d
..map 1830 (Shawliff 1974, In,with imm.study a m ~ , l b p a d u do 1:5000.
' I ' I,

IU.7: Detail of the Northenden township map 1858 (MCL M24/1/6),with the study area oudhdd.
Ill. 8: Detail of OS 6in to 1 mile mapping surveyed 1872-6, with the study area outlined. Reproduced at 1:5000,
Ill. 10: Detail of OS 1:2500 mapping 1956-1960, with the study area outlined. Reproduced at 1:5000.
Rcpduced from OS 1:2500SJ 8190 (1956), SJ 8290 (1957). SJ8089 & 8189 (1960)and SJ 8289 & 8389 (1960). by permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Ofice.
'0 Crown Copyright. All rights resewed. Licence number WL8021.
, .
,. .. "'

, '
I: A. IL 11: W y t k d m m Park, Lksk-bad Archaeo1ogical Amwmcnt, location plan of~iteaidentified.kale L:J
For details aP& area of the Hall, outbuildings and gardens see Ill, 21 and for dot& of tlw area of tlw Walled 27.
g %.
a QS ./
ced 0 8 mapping, by ponniwioa of Ordnmw Surwy m behalf of The Coatrollat of Hsr M jeaty's S t a t i ~ ~ s Office.
Nl righta mwwed. Licence numberwLX)21. i '
ry

.).,.
" "
 In. 12: Detail of
tbe 1641 map
showing the.Hall
and adjacent
buildings 0.

E 13:DeEail ofthe 1641map s b w h g

b t e ~ a b t h t t ~ t o t b a ~
drive tothe Hall 0.
IU. 16: TheHall,
outiddings and
-9-

the Norheden
tithe map 1839
(CRO).
Scale c 1:2000.

Key:

339 -
Witbinshaw Hall.- -
BuildiqsYards
Pleasure
Grounds
Gardensetc
Ill. 18: The Hall,
outbuildings and
gardens, on 0s
25in to 1 mile
mapping
surveyed 1908.
Reproduced at
1 :2000.

Ill. 19: The Hall,

outbuildings and
gardens, on 0s
25in to 1 mile
mappins
surveyed 1935.
Reproduced at
1:2000.

Rep-octucedW
0s 1:2500
L a n a sheet
CXI.13 Revision of
1935 by permission
of Ordnance Survey
on behalf of The
Controller of Her
Majesty's Stationery
office.
S Crown Copyright.
AU rights -ed
Licence number
WL8021.
Ill. 20: The Hall,
adddings and
gardens,on 0 s
1:2500 mapping
1960.

1:2000.

Reproamd-
osi2rns~8089
& 8189(1960)by
pglainsionof -

behalf of'Ibe
Cantrollerof Her
~ ~ s t a t i o n a y
oilice.
OCnrwnCopyright
A u l i g h t s ~
Llcmcenmnber
WLSMl.

lu 21: TheHall,
o u t b l d ~ d

-*
-9

locabiglofsites
i&nMed. Scale
1:2ooO.
IIL 22: The Walled Garden area,
after the Nortbeaden titbe map
1839 (CRO).Scale c 1:2000.
Key:

337 - Pleasure Gmund and

Gardens
-
338 Walled Garden

Ill. U:The Walled Garden area,

antbphoftheHolseFaun,
-
W c 1867-71
(WHM10341).
Repsodud at 12000.
I& 24: l k Walled Garden area,
on 0s 25in to 1 mile mapping
suneyed 1907. Reproduced at
1:2ooO.

IIL 25: The Walled Garden area,

on 0 s 25in to 1 mile mapping
surveyed 1935. Reproducedat
1:2m.
 Ill. 26: The Walled Garden area,
on 0 s 1:2500 mappiag 1940.
Rqroduced at 1:2000.

8 , .
,.
, ',
.., ' .., .' .. ,".:s . , ,,, .;;~
,
I.
' ,
,.. , . . . ,ir'
.,
, , I "
"I' , .m '<,;;,.'
i ,
8 , . ..
. 8 I : "
8.

..: ,>, "iy;l'.,'.!'I.;, ,,to:

. ;' , ;,.,, !' u .,\. ,;>. , .;
. "-.

.< 2:?!:
, . ,.. . % ,,die\.'.
,;r

2 7 : Tbe Walled Garden m;i

snowing& 1 d mdrtovg
identified Scale 1:2000.

Repoduccd~lmdmlOS~
bypmuisaim0fOrdnaw;esweycal
L d d f o f T k C m t d k ofHer
~ s s l a h E y - .
OCmwncopy@&Mrigbtsmmd.
LiceaDcmrmberwLI#nl.
I@. 28: Dmwing
ofthe Hall
c 1800
C r a y h 1993,2)
(WH 1962.159).

IIL 29:
watercoiarrof
thcHaUbyJC
Budder, 1826
F i a
T m k z 1988,
20s) (WH
1%2.165).
 . - . -.
;--.
.
yr
I11 31:
-4
+
2 > 1, -
'Wytheshawe
- .,
d
x
* w-of
Thomas William
Tatton', hm
Edward
Twycross,
ions of
England rerd
Wales,1850
(MCL1114763 1)
(WH 1970.544).
LIL 32: The Hall,
viewedfromthe
sadheasf
c 1870s
(MCL m47635)
m.
IN. 34: The Hall,
viewed fiom the
east, 1927
(MCL 47660).
Ill. 36: The Hall
R. 41: Yard an the sooth side of the Hall,
showing the site ofdemolished s a d h a s t wing
(site lb).

. , ,,
Iu 42: Floor Plans ofwythenshaweHall, 1925 ( S M 1974,81).
Ill. 43: Ground-floor Plan ofthe Hall c 1900 (Figueiredo & Treuherz 1988,209).

~QlbeIceHaue
(iQ7)by L d k Ann IEoit (1952,20).
Ill 45: Site ofthe Ice
Hause (sitc 7),viewed
h m the west.

mJ6:SiteoftheF2arty
w (rite a),
viewed f b m the east.
IU. 47: The
stables, the east
range (site 2a),
viewed ikom the
west
(MCL m47694).

IU. 48: The

stables, the north
range (site 24,
viewed h m the
south, 1949
(MCL m4768 1).
stables, the west

viewed from the

IL 51: The fann

Ill. 52: The farm

b u i l d i i , the
north range (site
6a), now
demolished,
viewed from the
south-east, 1949
(MCLm47680).
IU 53: The farm
buildings, the
north range (site
60)(left) and
south building
(site 6b)(right),
viewed from the
west, 1949
(MCL11147678).

I& 54. Stsblc

block, cast wing
(dte 2a), viewed
h m the west.
 ..
.. IL 55: Stable
'\
block, west wing
(site 2b). viewed

Ill. 56: Stable

block, north end
of west wing
(site 2b).
 IIL SI. Site of
the Coach House
(site 24, viewed
h m the south-
west.

IIL 58: The

1
1

-.
- -.- stables, the west
-- - -- - ..-
-
-. --- ~
~ ~.
-.
- ~

--- ..~
~. - range (site 2b),
viewed from the
~
~
 IIL 51E, Site of
the natfi range
of the farm
buildings (site
6.1.
with IU.51.

IU.60: Stable block, north end of

west wing (site 2b), from south-west.
 IU 61: Site of
the north range
of the farm
buildii,
viewed fiom the
west (site 64.

I D1.62: Former
farm buildii at
the south-west
comer of the
Rose Garden
1 1 Ill. 63: Cottage
on the north side
of the Walled
Garden (site 9),
viewed from the
north.

Ill. 64:
Buildings along
the north side of
the Walled
Garden (site 9),
viewed from the
west.
IU. 66:Site of
uses on
the north side of
the Walled
Garden Id* 8a),
v i e d fnwnthe
west

N. 66: Site of

Walled Garden
(site Sb), viewed
from the east.
 IU 67:
Wythenshawe
Bridge (site 30)

I carrying the old

Altrincham
Road over the
Baguley Brook,
I the south face,
viewed from the
east.Coml#ve
I with IU. 68.

IIL 68:
Wythenshawe
Bridge (site 30),
the south face
viewed from the
east, 1944
(MCL mS8700).
IU. 69:
Wydmshawe
Bridge (ate a),
the north face,
viewed from the
east.

IU70:The1&41
bridge over the
Baguley Brook
(rite 29), viewed
 &.
._ ' .n
i

:. ' .Fig.
LU 71: The site
of the South
Lodge (site lo),
viewed from the
south. Compare
with IIL 72.

Ill. 72: The

South Lodge
(site lo), viewed
from the south,
1930
(MCL11158681).
Ill. 73: The
South Lodge
(site lo), viewed
&om the south-
east, 1951
(MCL 11158719).

ItI. 74: The

South Lodge
(sitelo), viewed
limn the north-
east, 1930
(MCL 11158682).
I11 75: The
North Lodge
(mite 4), viewed
from the south.

Ill. 76: The

North Lodge
(site 4), viewed
h m the
west.
mn: Lesser
-14
mrkm end of
the field viewed
fiamtbenorth-
east, with ridge
adiimvw
eartllwoh
naming down
tbedopeh
lefk to right (site
16).

a 7 ~ LCSWZ
t
-14
Mdwmeadof
tbewvicrrrred
from the wat,
with ridge and
farrow
111n: Area to
north dthe Hal
viewed &om the
d-with
dgedfiuraw
eaIthwaks
Nllninn-
left to right (site

IILm Parkha-
ha,to north of
causeway (site
128), viewed
from the east.
I
I -
R82.Pettha-
ba,to8fmthaf
camrcwo~r(*
-1,
fiom l
k east.

I
I
m),viewed
lhlthesarlh.

mIw
Earthwohsto
thesouthofthe
Big Round
plantation (site
124, viewed
fiumtheeast.
Im M:Ditch
bcnmdaryoflhe
Park (site 13),
section
v the
I u i n h r e golf
cmm, viewed
*the east.

I& 86: Ditch

a w l the mnth
bamdary afthe
Pa& (s% 13),
GIstern d o n ,
klc&ingto&
Riaccss
WY-
Ill. 87: Aerial view of north side of Wythenshawe Park, 1930, viewed from the south (MCL m75761).
Ill. 88: Aerial view of Wythenshawe Hall from the south-east, 1929 (MCL m47665).