MUccnenopanua B oOacTHu OaITO-coaBAHCK OM JYXOBHOM KYJIbTypbI - Saratka Kak TCKCTPOCCHUACKAS AKANEMUA HAYK Muctutyt caapanopeaeuus w GaaKaHHCTHKH MccnegosaHua B oOacTH OasITO-CaBAHCKOM TYXOBHOM KYyJIbTypbI Saraaka Kak TeKcT. 1 MOCKBA oF ssresicn0 «UHAPUK» 1994BBK 81 URS Ommercrnenrsiif peaaKrop: HOKTOP pHAoAOTHNECKHY Hay TM. Huxonaeca Ornerernenuntit cexperape: kKanaaar itosoruyeckux Hayk Ji. HeecKxax Penemestr pr Kansiyiay dpraosormyeckax Hays T.A, Acankuca AOKTOp PiaocorMIecKHx Hayx C10, Hexswodos AUccaenonanna 6 oGsacTH GaaTo-caaBaHCKON yxoBuoi U85 kyabrypsi: 3araqKa kaK Texct. 1. — M.: V3aarenperso "Wyapux", 1994, — 270 c. ISBN 5-85759-004-3 Baragka — 97O OAH H3 CaMbIX AMCKYCCHONHBIX BONPocoK coBpemen- Hot Mapemmozornn. B nepsom Tome Monorpacum paccMaTpMBactca reHesHc, CTpyKtTypa AILIK 3aPraKH HM CC OTHOUICHHA K NOCMOBHUe, 3aroBOpy H APyrUM-BHyaM napemuit. Mccaenyorca Taxxke nparMaTitieckwe acneKTbl 3T0ro >ANpa. Kura paccaurana Ha MHPBMCTOR, (POABKAGPHCTOR 4 BCEX, KTO kuTepecyercs MpobscMaMH TpaqMyNONHOH HapomMol KyaLTypH Studies on baltic-slavic traditional spiritual culture: Riddle as text. 1. ~ M., 1994. — 270 p, The riddle is one of the most discussed topics in the current paremiology. The first volume of the monograph contains sections on the genesis, the structure and the language of the riddle and its relation to the proverb, charm and other types of paremia. The problem of the pragmatic of this genre is aslo considered in details. The book is assigned to linguists, folktorists and those whe are interested in the problems of the traditional spiritual culture. © Mucruryr cassvoseqenus 4 Sankanuctuku PAH, 1994 ISBN 5-85759-004-3 BBK 81 Tipeaucnopue ‘ra Moxorpadua HOCHT Ha3BaHHe “3aragKa Kak TeKCT", MH AMCHAL TaKOC HMCHOBaHHE MOMHOCThIO aAeCKBATHO HM COACPKAHHIO KHUTH, H, F eure Gonbiiel crericHu, ee 3ambicny. 3araaka — TeKCT, oTpaKaouKis NOCTHKEHHE MHpa YeMOBEKOM, TCKCT, OGpanyCHHBIt K YeACReKy 2Ke, HMLOTOMY BCA HCCACMOBATCADCKAA TCCONOTMA TPCACTABLACMDIX HROKE rlar GesycTOBHO aHTponoleHTpHuHa. Tio csoe# dbunonorM4eckow oOpHeHTauMH MOHOrpadusa ApAMbIKeCT ¥ Pay NpeAWCCTBYIOMX W3MaHHii, BIMOAHCHHNX C Tex 2Ke TOSMUMET ¥ NpakTHUCKH TEMH 2KC JOAbMH. ITO B MepBy!O OUCPCHb KHATH “CrpyxKty- pa Texcra” (1980), "Texct: cemantuka mM crpyktypa” (1983), “Mecueno- Bana 70 CTpyKType TeKcra” (1987), "JIMHrencruuccKne OcHOBH GaaKaH- cKoit MogemH Mupa” T.B. L[BbsH, MoHOrpadHK o orpeGanbHOM o6psac, © 3aPoBope H MHOTOUNCTeHTNE TeSHCbl KOHGepeHLUM HW OTAETbHEIX pador aBTOPOB STO KHMrH. Haunnas c goxnaga B.B. Uzanosa u B.H. Tomoposa na IV xourpecce CaBHCTOB, MOCBAMeHHOrO Hee PCKOHCTPYKUHM TeKCTa, B pa6otax ux nlocaeqoBaTeneii TeKcr paccMarpuBaeTcx HeNpeMeHHO Kak GunaTepasDHoc CAHHCTBO, CAMHCHHC CMHICa H COPMb!, MpHYeM KaKMAA 43 STHX CTOPOK CO3AaeT CBON COOCTBCHHEIC CBA3M B 3AMKHYTOM BepOatbHOM MpocTpaHcrne. Tlosromy MOHMMaHHe OHTOMOMMYeCKOM CYUIHOCTH 3araakH OKU3EIBaAeTC™ HEMBICMMbIM 6e3 paBHO BaxXHOPO PacCMOTPeHHA ITUX [RYX CTOPOH. BaxkHbIM OKa3bIBACTCH TAKHM OOpa30M He AAaHPOBad OPHeHTHpOBaH- HOCTb 3aPaMKH, HE AyaspHBIC TIPOTHROMOCTaBJICHHA B Heit ACHCTBUTCAb- HOCTH, a Ce AHTPONOMeHTpHYeECKAR CYMHOCTD. Tlostomy, cTporo roRops, mpemmaraeMoe couMHeHHe He ABAICTCA He COGCTBEHHO MapeMMOAOTHYCCKMM, HH Wake cbakTOM PorBKOpHCTHKU. Bce KpaTko xapakTepH3yemsie HWKE WIaBH B TOM WIM MEO CTenc- HH — KH mpexc BCCrO BMCCTe B3ATHIC — HaNpaBJeHb! Ha MOCTWOKEHHE cyTH 3araykH, MPeANOChLIOK HM MpHYHH Ce CyLICCTBOBAHHA. B 5TOM OTHOWeCHHH eCTECTBCHHO B MICPBYW OCPeAb HA3baTb aby B.H. Tonoposa, HenocpeaACTBCHHO ampecOBaHHylO K KOHUeNTyabHOMY cratycy 3aramku. Benen 34 W3BeCTHOH M YaCTO WMTMpyeMol B KHUTe cratseli T.A. Ennszapenxosoi u B.H. 'Tonoposa o seguiickow 3araqKe Tuna brahmodya 3araqka MOHHMACTCA 30CCb KaK OAMH H3 OCHOBHEIX CIO- co6os nocTrwxeHusd BceneHHoli ucpes eC YWICHCHHE H YCTaHOBACHHE TOR Mecrsa MeKy pacueHeHHAIMH KOMNOHeHTaMM. TlogoGHoe MbIUTeHHe CTpowTcs Ha CcO3HaHHH emMHcTBa Makpo- 1 Mukpommpa, mp OaHOBpe- MCHHOM CO3HAHHH OTJICJIbHOCTH H, TOUHCC, oGveKTHBHOCTH, MX CYLECCTBO- Banus. BcenenHas cyulecTByeT BHe Hac MH B TO 2KC BpeMsA B HAC, a CaMa Bcencnuas ectb B To 2ke Bpema Hw Bceyenosex. Ip TaKoM Barisge HaMHP CCTECTBEHHHIM OPYAHeM MOCTWKEHHA ABIHETCA TOXKACCTBO, TMOSRAHHE uepes conocrapacnue. MuayKTHBHO-aenyKTHBHE MOAXOR MPHHaAOoKHT MHOMY MHPOTTOHMMAaHIMIO, © KOCMOCOM, Y2KE OTAEICHHBIM MEHTATbHO OT uenoneka. . i Par ConepxaTenbHoMy sapy “3araqounOl” ONTOAOTHH, B CBagM C OOULE ycraHosKoit Ha GunaTepHanbHOCTh TeKCTOROTO BOSHCHCTBHA, COOTBETCT- Byer M BHABIEHHOC OOUIMMM YCHMAMH YYACTHHKOB HCCTEMOBAHHA (CM. Y Bau.Bc. Usanona, T.M. Huxonaesoii, T.H.Moxommod ap.) KaTero- p¥anbHo-rpaMMaTHuecKoe impo HawGoree mpesHero naacra saranku 6a1- TOB H C1aBaH. Sto mIipexAae BCCTO coveTaHHe HHAaKTHBHOMO riarola Tana “crouT”, "exKKT", "BHCHT" C CyGbeKTOM: Cpedu neca, neca nexum wmam xene3za, — 3mea; Had deopom cmoum “ama ¢ MonoKom.— Mecsy Mt T.. Tlomunupyroureit riarombHolt opMoi ABIACTCA Tak Ha3bIBaeMOe HeaKTy- ANIbHOe HACTOAMIEe, T.e. BREBPeEMeHHOe, yHOTpeGasouyeecs M IPH aKTHB- HOM raarone: ITo cunemy He6y maperKa navicem. — Mecay. Bropoit ria- TObHOM AOMHHAHTOM MOXKHO CUMTATb Pe3yAbTATHBHO-MeppeKTHy!O popmy, Kak M3BECTHO, HCTOPHUECKH HM COMePKATEMbHO CBAZAHHYWO C HACTOAMMM:? Paccbinaaca cmaxau no ecem zopodaM, ecak emy Oueumcs; Bera Ka6biia Yeecb nec naena; Yepeoue Kopomucio uepes pitky noguczo M T.. PecepenumanbHerit craTyc HMeHH B 3araqKe BO MHOTOM onpesenseTCA o6uleH AHTPONOMOpPHOCTHIO Mpowecca HM HEMPOCTO COOTHOCHTCH C KaTerO- PHeit ompemeneHHOCTH-HeoMpemeneHHOCTH, MOCKONbKY M€HOTAaTOM Kak 3araMbIBaeMbIM, TaK HM OTTabIBaeMbIM SABIACTCA HW THIH3HpPOBaHHBt Mpeacrasurerb, M KOHKpeTHBIt cbeHOMeH, H HeKuit TleppooGneKT pac- wjleHaemMoro MMpa. B 3aragkax apXaWueckKOH CTpyKTypbl COOTHOUICHHE 3araqbIBaeMOro HM OTTaybIBacMOTO MMeHHM oMpenerseTca KOppeasuMelt Tpex KomnoxenrTos: 1) cbexomena [Tpuponn, 2) onymesrenHoro )KuBoro cymecrsa m 3) pykoTBOpHorO NpoAyKTa WMBMTH3aLHH. BropiiM BaKHbIM HanpapieHHeM MOHOrpadun aBaseTca OOpauenue kK cehepam, ConpHkacaioulMMca C garaQKOM KaK TEKCTOM, H ONMCbIBaIOUMM Gores uMpoKoe npoctpancrso (peHOMeHos. B coorBeTcTsHH C ABYCTOPOH- HOCTbIO TEKCTA 9TH CibepH MOryT COOTHOCHTECA C 3araqKOH Kak B T1aHe CORepxKAaTCIbHOM, TaK HM B TWIaHe BhIPAKCHHA. Vimenno c o6meKonuentyabHbiM T1aHOM KBasMukalMM 3aragkH Kak OlpaxkeHusa, TOUHee, OTOOpaxKeH¥A MMPOB uepe3s TOXKECTBO, CBAZaHA raapa A.B. Tonornaueroi, B nepByi0 O“epesb WCHHAT NPOBOAMMBIM B Het pagmuecHHeM Kaptnist Mapa (KM) m# Mogenm Mapa (MM). Kaptana MHpa — 9TO OTparxkcHHe (eHOMEHOB CHCTBUTCAbHOCTH HW HX HEOTbEMJIC- MbIX OHTOJOTHUCCKHX CROHCTB, MONE %KE MMPa OMMCHIBACT CBOICTBA He DEHOTATOB, a KOHUEMTOB, BOMAOMAIOMIMXCA B TEKCTOBOH cchepe KarKZOTO ycntoBHoro ">KaHpa”. Tak, B pyCCKOM oAbKNOpHOH MOZeIM MHpa BOK rym, 3asi cekcyaneH, Ko3en uHcpepHanbHO yrpoxarony # T.1. Monean MHpa MOryT pagMUaTBCA HM NO ASbIKAM, TAK AMCHUa y pyCCKMX — %KCH- WHHa, OGOCTHTeNbHAaa, yqaWMBad M KOBapHas, esponeitcku JIuc — MYKY4HHA, BOPOBATHIt HM He BCerla yAAaWIMBH, MIOXOH TORAPHI HM T.2. Mogae MMpa MoryT pasmMuaTECA HM MO 2kaHpaM: Tak, KaK MOKa3HIBaeT A.A. Tonopauena, KOHUeNTbI 3aTOBOPOB M MX ATPHOYTH OTAMUHDI OT KOH- UeNTOB B 3araqkax. 6 MentTanbHbli Mp 3araqKH CBa3aH Mper%kre Bcero C YMCIOBKIM MHPOM APX€THMMUYECKOTO BO33PEHHA APeEBHAX, KOPa MOxKHO 6bLI0 TOBOPHTh 06 oco6om cy6mpocrpaucrBe uncna B apxaMueckoM cosHaHHH. B 9ToT MHP 3araqka BBoguTCca paG6oToH Bay.Bc. ABanosa 0 3aragke Qauna, MOMCTHHE Kakablit pa3 — uepe3 HOBBI Mo_xOk — noMoralomjeH NoHATh ob6meHa- MpaBJICHHOCTh 3aragkH. Uncaa wor B 3aranke Oanna COMOCTABJIAKOTCA C ApesHetmumn pafamMu 3araq0K MHLOcBponelickoro MMpa, B UaCTHOCTH, 0 CHMBOJHMKe yoaBOeHHOTO (GepeMeHHOCTh), O KaTerOpHH JTMUIMTeNBHOCTH — omHoHOrocTs w 1.1, UncroBoit napaMeTp OMMCcHiBaeMoro Mpa OKa3bi- BaeTCS aKTHBHBIM [AA pala "9KIOTHUCCKMX” 3arafOK, MpecTaBreKunx E.A. Xeaumcxum. Tak, uerpexHoruit na6a3 B mecy sBasaeTca nocem, MuoroHorHit 1a6a3 — 6epemeHHO!t JOcHXoi HM T.9. TakHM o6pa3om caKpa- AH3aUMA YMCA HCOTbeMsIeMa OT MMpa 3araqbIBaeMOrO M NOTOMy YMCA BXOUAT B 3arafky He BCerMa aleKBaTHLIM Ad COBpeMeHHOM KapTHHH Mupa o6pasom. Kak yake 6nI10 cka3aHO Bb, 3arayKa CcTb MOCTHAKeHHEe uepe3 conocrapnenue. OnHako dbaxtop Conoctasnenus MoxKeT 6nITD MOTHBHPOBAH B CaMOM BEICOKOH CTCMeHH, Mp KOTOpoH cbeHOMcH MpewBa- PHTeAbHOTO CXOACTBAa NocTeneHHO J1MMMHMpyeTca. Torga Conoctaszenne CMbIKaeTCa C MpeBpamenuem, c Meramopdo3oi. Mup npespaujeHHit Kak MHP, CMBIKalOUIMiica M MepecekaloulHHica C 3araOuHbIM, OMMCaH B rape T.B. Unepan. esuua B temHmue C Koco Ha yrmue Kak 6s npeBpa- maeTca B MopKoBs. Takoe BHAeCHHe MMpa BeneT K AHTHUHHIM Mu(paM O mpeppamjenuax, k “"Meramoppo3am” Osnina, K npespamenuam y Jlante. Tleperekanue o6pa30n C HepagraqaHHOH MOTMBHPOBKO! MpHBODHT Hac OT 3araqkM K CHaM, kK HX MpeBpamlecH4am uM npeo6paxenua. Tlostomy raza 3AaKAHUMBACTCA 3aNHCAMH O CHOBHACHHAX HM CHOBHAYCCKUX MeTamMopdosax y A. Pemnsosa. C MeHTambHBM MHpOM 3araaKM cBaI3aH M cnoco6é nmpeactasazcHHa AeiicTBMTembHOCTH, O6pHcoBKa KOHUeNTa B TeKcTe 3araaku. Tak, B pa6o- te Bau.Bc. Asanopa cnoco6 npeacraprenua o6pekta B MOITHYeCKOM MHpe 3araaqkM COOTHOCHTCA Cc ocoGoi dbopMol 3araqKH — KCHHHHTOM, xOpoulo M3BCCTHHIM HCCACHOBATEAAM apXaMUeCKOM NOITHKM CCBeporepMaHCKOTO Mupa. Ho okasbipaetca, copMa mpemcrapienua HeMHAoeBponelicKoit NoaTHKH pycckoro Cu6upcKore Cesepa Takxke 3HaeT NonoOHbIt "KeHHHH- Tonog_o6HEM" cnoco6 npencrannenMa 3araqbBaeMoro KOHUCNTA: cp., Ha- npumep, Jla6a3 @ aecy — Jloce. Onvcpipaa Mup 3araqkH, HEOOXOAMMO OCO3HABaTb, YTO OHA CAY2KMT HE TOABKO Kak OpyMe NOCTWKEHUA MHpa, HO HM KaK MOUJHBIiT HHCTPyYMeHT counamusanun. Joa, sHalomMe OTBCT Ha 3araqky, KoTOppit mpeacTas- ASETCA CAMHCTBCHHBIM, TCM CaMbIM ABJISOTCH y2KC WEHAMM ODHOTO YaCTO |. 330TEPHYECKOTO COLMMyMa, NMOCKObKy MPHOBeHHad coobpasHTembHOCTS Mp oTBeTe BOBCe He MpewMotaraeTcs, BeAb Wake CAMBIM Pa3yMHHIM PeposM CKa3KM, B KOTOpyl0 BKMNOUeHA 3araqKa-McnbITaHMe, KTO-HAGyAb Nomoraet. Coumanbublit acnekT 3araaKH, yxKe He ABIsMOMelICA CpeACTBOM NocrwxkeHHa BceneHHOH, onmcaH y T.M. Huxonaesoi. Tak, cpeacTBom CouManH3auMH, OcOGeHHO B MOAPOCTKOBOM BOSpacTe, CyKAT TaK Ha- SbIBaeMbIC ABTOHMMHMUECKMe 3aPanKH: Om uezo ymKa_naacaem? — Om 6epeza; Ymo a yeumpe Mapuxa? — Byxoa P w 1.9. Crpax “HesHaHHa” MpaBu,Horo OTBeTA BELET MYT OT 3araAKM K CAHHOAYUIHOMY BbIKPHKH- 7SAHKIO BHYtCHHOMO TEKCTa B BONPOCO-OTRETHOK CHCTeMe TOT@IMTapHElx POXKHMOB, BKIO“AT KH AONpocu. Hao6opor, casTHe NapaMeTpa ONacHOCTH He3HAHMA, NP COXpaHeHnK MpodanHoro HeBexKeCTBA, POXKAIET HM TAaKOli CMCUM@UYECKHA BHA 34TaMOK, KaK 3aranKO-aWeKAOTH, KOra He3HaHMe SOMMYHHKAWTa BIOHC NPHBCTCTRYeTCA M Wake CIyXKHT MOBOOM eule paa Mocmestrpca BMecte. Teopetwucckw kK SToMy HanpabneHwio npaMuKaer mM riapa M.H. Jle- OMe) © Tak Ha3ivBaeMOii “AHacKcanbHOH 3aragKke". MnaekcanbHaa 3araaka — 970 3araqka C HCHA3BaKHKIM KOJOBbIM AeHOTATOM, C ero mpe- SYMNMPOBAKHOM OKKA3HOHAABHOH NpospauHOcThWO (npH BO3MO>KHOH 13- wavabHO Henpo3pauHoctH). Bawskw K MMeHaM HufeKCAIbHOM 3aragkH 4 GecCMBICACHHBIe KOHCTPYKUMH, HW 3araqKH C OHOMACTHUECKHM 3an0J- HeHHeM HHACKCa: Bumow Domoro, a remom Ouszapemom. Pa3zymeetcs, MHACKCaAbHAe 3aragkH B HanGoaMel creneHH cnoco6crsyioT CouMamH- sMPYIOUICHCA KOHUENTYAAM3AUAK HM HBARIOTCA NOCTATOUHO CHJIbHBIM Cpen- KHeMUIMM cro yYacTKaM, COOTBETCTBEHHO — acniekTaM. I, Tponcxoxgenve 4 yHKuMH 3araaKu Cyt apreHus O6bluHO OTKpbIBacTCA B MpocTpaHcTBC, OrpaHH4ucHHOM ABYMA BOMpocaMM, —OTKya? H A198 4Yero? Tepspii — kak pa3 0 MpOHCXOXACHHA, BTOpo — 0 dyHkuu ax. CréuT oTMeTHTD, YTO B OOO CAYYASX CYTb ABCHHS ONpeneAAeTCA (BO BCAKOM Cyly¥ac TaK OGBIY- HO mpeactaBasetca) He 3 CaMOPO SBJICHHS, a OTKyAa-TO H3BHE, H3 TOTO, 4TO CaMOMY ABJICHHW) BHEMOIOXKECHO, — KOHKPCTHO, H3 TOMO, utd ABSIC- HM1O IIPCAWECTBYCT M MM, CTPOro roBOps, HE ABIACTCA, H M3 TOPO, YTO B TOM AB.ICHHM BOCTpe6OBaHO TEM, KTO NO OTHOUICHHIO K ABICHMIO "BHE- wen" (uenoBek), PasymeeTca, CCIM MbI B COCTOSHMH MOO-KHTEBHO OTBC- THTb Ha BOMpoc, OTK yaa oro sBreHHe TIPOH30ONLIO, TO, 3HAYKT, MBI BnpaBe npene6peun w3BecTHOH cuTyalMelt HU G6 Mamb, HUG omua, @ 6 npo- e3xKezo MONOOYA MK O6A3AHBI HCXORMTb M3 TOPO, YTO CAMO ABJICHHC M TO, 4TO Cro MOpoAHAO (cro “MaTb"-MCTOUHHK), CBAZAHBI YeEM-TO Cy uLecT- Be HHO (a 3HaUHT, B Ipcacae MC y ILHOC THO: cymb) O6UIHM, HH C KaKHM APyTHM BUJOM CXOACTBa HE CMeIIMBAeMBIM, H ¥TO CAMO HaTMUMe Ta KOTO “oOujero” — ocHoBaHe /L1a NOTOAKMTCADHOTO OTBCTA Ha BOMpOC "OTKy:1a' Qto “o6uree" BoBce He O6s3aTeABHO JOMKHO SUTb SpockHM HW axKe 3aMeTHHIM. Boxee Toro, ero o6beM MOxeT GbiTb HCBEJIHK, H BOOOIIC OHO B We0M page CAy¥acB HEBMAMMO H OTKPbIBACTCH TMM B pesybTAaTe PCKOHCTpyKIHH, HO NIpH BCex OGcTOsTeNDCTBAX OTO “ObuNCe” reHeETH4e- CKO MpHpoub, To ecT npeANonaraeT BHYTPCHHC-POACTBCHHNe OTHOIIC- HMA TpeemMcTBa NO HHMCXOAaIWeH AMHHM. THnomorHueckH-o6ulec MoxKeT 6viTp o6umpHee no cBoemy O6emy H spe Mo crlocoby BLIPAxKeHHs, HO OHO HEMO B BONpOCaX MPOHCXxOxKACHHA, H 9TA HEMOTa TIpHHUAMKasIbHO HCYCT- panuma. 3aTo reHeTH4ecKH-O6ulce BCETa FOBOPHT 0 CYTH, XOTS OHIO UACTH ee M11 06 ocoGom ec acreKTe, MOcKObKy OHO NO ycioBMO BHY TpeHHe YKOPCHEHO B CaMOiH CyTH, B YeM-TO GoBIIOM, OrpoMHOM, YCHJIeHHOM, SaMe4aTCABHOM, JIYUIeM HW CBHACTEIbCTRYET O 4EM-TO POHHOM, KHHTHM- HOM, UPeCBHOM" H, CieMOBaTeTbHO, HACTOAUIEM, MOAIMHHOM, HCTHHHOM (cp. Jar. gens ‘pon’; ‘loToMoK’, germen < *gen-men ‘nopoxpexue’, ‘pon’, ‘moTOMCrBO’, gigno ‘nopoxgatb’, in-gigno ‘nOpoxKqaTb-BbIpalMBaTh’, HO OHapsaTh TPH poxkAeHMH’ NIpH in-genium ‘BpoxAcHHHIe cnocobHOCTH’, MPHPoaHBIe cBovicTBa’, “TaraHT’, ‘renuil’, in-geniosus ‘weapo onapeHHntit OT npxpoani’, in-gens ‘orpoMHnit’, ‘cunpHnii’, ‘MoryujecTBeHHEi’, ‘Be- amkuii’, ‘samMevaterbusit’ mM ap., cp. genius, germanus < *gen-manus /:genus/ “poasoi’; ‘acTHHHIt’, ‘Tos MHHBI’). 14 Bonpoc 0 @yHKUMAX (UIs ero?) TaKxKe OTCHUIAeT, KaK KaKETCA C Tepsoro B3risqa, K "BHELWHeMy” B OTHOWICHHM CYTH — K 4COBeKy, Kak OH BbIpaxkaeT ce6a MH xXapakTepH3yetca yepes CBOM MOTpeOHOCTH, 3HaTb He 3HaromleMy (B MpeAeTbHbIX CIyYaAX) O CYTH ABCHHA MH YACTO He 2KC- WawuleMy 3HATb O Heil, HE Hy>KTaIOUeMyCa B ITOM 3HAHHM, HO xXopoulo 3HauleMy, UTS MY HY%KHO AIA yAOBAeTBOpeHHA CBOMX NOTpPebHocTeHt. Bo scakom cryyae 3To "4Td6" — Tak mpemnosnaraetca NoHayany MH 4acTO Tak AYMAIOT 0 KOHIla — MOXCT HHKaK He 3aTparMBATb CYTH ABJICHMS, HO OTHOCHTCA K BTOPHUHOMY, NcpHdepHitnoMy, HCCYUICCTBCHHOMy, fa%Ke MpocTo cyualHOMy, C1eqORATCADHO, “BHEWIHEMYy” MO OTHOUWICHHIO kK CyTH aBjcHHa. BnpoueM, HB 9TOM Ciyyae “BHEUIHEee” M0 OTHOMICHHIO K AB/Ie~ HHWO B KOHC4HOM CueTe O6Hapy2KMBAacT HeKOe CBOC "BHYTPeHHee” COOTBET- CTBHE, ACIIEKT YKOPCHeHHOCTH BO “BHyTpeHHeM"” spend (in -gen-), OTCLUIAIOWH K CyTH. ITO caMopackpbITHe "BHYTPCHHeTO" Bo "BHELIHeM”, cBoeo6pasHad MHAYKUMA CTO, CTaHOBHTCA BO3MOXKHbIM MOCTOAbKY, M10- CKOABKY CYTb ABICHMA OMpedeAseTCA pH BCTpeye ABACHHA, TOUHEE, CTO KOHCTPYKTHBHBIX BOSMOAKHOCTeH, C MPOCTpaHCTBOM Cy6pekKTHO-Cy6bekTHB - HOMO, MO3HAIOMerO, HHTCHUMOHANbHOTO, 160 TOAbKO MIpH TakOii BCTpeYe, 6naroK mast o6enx BCTpeuaroujHxca CTOPOH, Kak BCIIbILIKa, BO3HHKaCT CMBICJ, BEICMee OTKpoBeHHe CyTH ABcHHA. CBoicTBO OTKpEITOCTH — OCHOBHOC fd ABJICHHA: HCYTO CTAHOBMTCA ABICHHeEM (7d gaLvduevor), o6HapyxkmBaeT ce6at B KaYeCTBE TAKOBOIO MMEHHO B pe3ybTaTe aKTa OT- kpnirHa. MHepyva stro akTa npogomKacT npe6piBaTb B CaMOM SBJICHHH: efO MOTeHUMAABHOCTS Kak pa3 M BbICTyMaeT Kak O6pa3 OTKPHITOCTH, Kak 3a10P TOMO, UTO ABEHHE, MOKA OHO 2%KHBO H (PyHKIWMOHHpyeT, MOET HB WaspHeiwem OTKPHIBaTb CBOIO CYTb, nopoxyaTb HOBBIc CMbICIB. Tem He Me€HEE KOHCTPYKTHBHHIE BOSMOXKHOCTH SBJICHHA HE JOMYCKaIOT BKHBICHHA 11060r0 cmbicra B Hero, H, Gonee Toro, OHH, XOTA H MaCcHBHO, onpene- AMIOT HW KOHTPOAHpyIOT, 470 H3 HHX MOxeT 6uITh BocTpeboBaHo "cy6beK- THO-cy6beKTHBHOH" cTOpoHO!. Mostomy peanuszauus BocTpeboRaHus HM caM or6op Boctpe6yemoro B M3BECTHOM CTeMeHH 3aBHCHT HM OT aABeHHA — OT TEX eNO CBOHCTB, KOTOPbIe MOryT 6nITh NpeAOx*KeHbI AA CBOeErO pola OT- uy KIeHHS B NOAb3y “CyObeKTHO-CyObeKTHBHOM” CTOPOHH, H, 3HAYHT, B Ca- MBX CPYHKUMAX ABCHHA MpHCyTCTByeT HekOe ykKa3aHMe Ha BHYTpPeH- HH Oco6eHHOCTH ABICHHA, Ha ero “NOTEHUMaTbHy10" CyTb. B 9TOM KOH- TekcTe oTBeTBI Ha 06a BORPoCa — oTkyAa? H Aa Yero? — oTKpHIBaIOT BO3~ MOXKHOCTh MpCACTaBUTh HX Kak (OPMYAMPOBKy HCKHHX "BHYTPCHHHX" XapaKTepHCTHK SBJICHMA, MO KpaliHeli Mepe B NOTEHUHabHOM MOZYCe. OcymecrsieHue 3TOM MOTeHMH, Ce peanM3auMa HW AKTYAMM3aL\HA Npo- HCXOAAT, OLHAKO, TOABKO BHY TPH MPOCTpaHcTBa KOHCTPYKTHBHDIX BO3- MO*KHOcTeH CAMOTO ABCHHA, XOTA HEOOXOAMMO TIOMHHTh, UTO 3TO "BHYT- penHee" 14 Karkqoro AaHHOTO BPeMeHHGrO COCTOAHUA ABAAETCA pesy.1- TaTOM BCTpe4H-KOHTakTa “MpeAHyu\e-BHYTpCHHeTO” C “BHCUIHHM" H Kak 6b HHDMUMPOBAHHA MOCAeAHETO MepBbIM, OTBOCBAHHeM y BHEWIHETO ero CKpsITOM BHYTPCHHeH YaCTH, HTOTOM COTPyAHMYCCTBa He TOKO "BHYTPCH- He-OObeKTHOTO" ¢ "BHEWIHe-cyObekTHBIM", HO H MpHpogHoro c "KyJIbTyp- HIM", TMaCCHBHOTO C AKTHBHBIM, IKCTCHCHBHOIO C HHTCHCHBHBIM, JO3HAKO- Boro (He MpeACTaBACHHOTO KaK 3HaK) CO 3HaKOBBIM, TaitHElit man mOZ0- 6HOH CHTyYaUMM He B TOM, YTO6HI YeNOBeK Halle ABACHHE, M He B TOM, 15yro6n sBIeHHe HaWLIO YENOBEKA, HO B TOM, UTOGH OHH — YeNOBEK Hi HB- @ — BeTpeTWAMCs ApyF ¢ APYTOM (KaK BCaKaq RCTpeya, MITA OMHO- XOTS YHACTHHKH BCTPCuM O6nANaIOT pasHbIMH BOSMOKHOCTAMH ‘ygid €€ OCYDICCTBNCHHA HB pasHOit CTENeCHH M pa3sHHMM NyTAMH CTpeMsTca K Heit) H, Kak 651 OCO3HAB CBOIO B3AHMHY1O norpe6uocts apy? B apyre, cro- BOPHAMCh TPYAHTECA pant o6mero aera. JIMm B grol cuTyayHH npoTH- BOPCHMBOFO HM HANpsKEHHOTO UCADHO-CAMHCTBA, BKMOYAIOUIerO B Ceba H yemoReKa M SIBICHHE H NpeMCTaBAOWeTO HAHGOAbIIMe BO3MO%xKHOCTH MpH- 6nwKeHHa K YPOBHIO "CyTei”, CHHMaeTCA ocTpoTa (H B3aMMOHCKTIOYae- MOcTb) BHGOpa MEKIY "COSHATEABHBIM" 1 "GeccosHaTenbHEIM", "OOCKTHB- HEIM" 4 "CyObCKTHBHHIM", MCKAY TEM, YeEM CYTb sBIeHHS O6a3aHa TH UICHHOMY CO3HAHHSI SIBICHHIO BO BCEM pasHoobpasHH ero CBOICTR, H TEM, ueM OHa O6s3aHa COsHaIOMeMy sBeHHe YenOBeKy. DopcupoBaHne BuGopa w "TocnegHero” 3aKmOUeHHs B TO_O6HO CHTyYaHH BCera Tpo3HT Hapy- WIeHHEeM H HeoOpaTHMbIM pa3spyuleHHeM caMoH CATYaWMH H, ClenoBaTenD- HO, HCKMOUaeT BO3MOXKHOCTS AUCKBATHOTO OTBETA B CBASH C HEI. Tosopt 0 3aramke kak HEKOEM SBAEHMM, CyMeECTByIOMeM B TOpH30HTe HHTepecoB UE TOBEKA H HCTOAKOBHIBACMOM HMECHHO Yes10Be- KOM, Y KOTOPoro B CBS3H C 3afaNKOH CyIeCTBYIOT HESACHOCTH HM BOMpOcH, MMCIOUIME WEnbIO YCTpaHCHMe 9THX HesCHOCTelt (HeEsACHOE JIS "BHEMTHerO", AAA MCNOBEKA COCTABAACT KaK pa3 CaMOE CH/IbHO-OpraHH30BaHHOe HM "KOH- CTPYKTHBHO"-OPHTHHabHOe BO BHYTPCHHEM CTPOcHHH CaMOii 3araqKH, M, CEHOBATEAbHO, KaK BCE 9KTPONMYCCKM-OPpHEHTHPOBAHHOC, OHO MaKCH- MaNbHO ACHO [UIA "BHYTPeHHErO" B3rIada CaMoli 3araNKM: pH TOM, ¥TO B ce6e caMou saramKa Bcé "3HaeT" uw eli Bcé aCHO, OHA BPeMeHHO MOxKET "3a- 6nIBaTS" 0 ueM-TO BTOPOCTeNeHHOM, H€O6A3ATEABHOM, BO BCAKOM cayyae HE TPO3AUIEM HENOMY 3arayKH, HO y2K HMKaK HE O TOM, YTO COCTaBASeT ee CMbICHOBOH point), H Crass BOTIPOC O MPOHCXOAKLEHHH M CPyHKUMAX 3aran- KM, CleiyeT MMETb B BHAY CKa3aHHOe BHILe, Nperxke BCETO O "CyGbeKTHO- O6beKTHOM" XapakTepe saragkH, H HE B TOM SN€MEHTAPHOM OTHOWEHHH, 4TO veNOBeK — cyOveKT 3aranuBaHMA, a 3aranka — ero OGBCKT, HO B TOM HECPABHEHHO Go71e€ C10>%KHOM Ba:KHOM CMECIE, UTO 3aranKa Tp MHI - TH a1bHO CyObeKTHO-oOpexTHa Mo cBoei npupone HB cHsy ee, TO ECT ¢ camoro Havana, ¥To “cy6pexTHoe" 1 "oOpeKTHOE” OpraHMyeckH CAMTH B K@KXIOH TOUKe “ZaraqOUHOTO" NpOCTpaHCTBa H Pa3eAMMEI TOKO YCOBHO, B MACE, B CX€MATHMCCKH-MPeHeMbHOM MpencTaBAcHHH. B cOBOKYMHOCTH ABYX CBOHX OCHOBHBIX UACTeH, BOCTPOMSBOAHMHIX B CEMaHTHUECKH yrops- AOUCHHOM Wen (cep) 3aranoK, “NormueckH" cBa3aHHHX Mexkny co6oit. 3araaKa nono6wa waxMaTHOH NaprHM, pasiirprBaemoll OHHM MIpoKOM B urpe c "camum co6oro", Koraa npapaa Pyka ("Geapie") yenaeT Bua, UTO HE 3HaeT, uTo 6yaeT nenaTp meBaa (uepuiie"). UB TOM HB apyrom cayyae arpy BeAeT ABYCOMHBI “BCCSHAIOWIMH” urpoK, moouepeaHO yenaouHit XOMbI TO 34 ONHOTO, TO 3a APyroro yuacTHHka "aHTarOHMCTHUeCKO;"” MIrpht. Mi 8 Tom u B Apyrom cnyyae — HeKoe KBa3H-cocTaaaHHe, TIpH KoTOpoM CoctsasaTenbHoe” MO CyTH nena cBeneHO K MHHMMyMy HW MOcTaBTeHO B SaBMCHMOCTD OT ecTecTBeHHO-HepaBHOMepHOrO pacnpenereHUs ypoBHa KOMNETEHTHOCTH" (B OpyroM acneKTe — "BHAMaHMa”) “BCe-HIpoKa” B pa3Hble MOMeHTbI Mrpbl, oT "Cny¥aa". HakOHell, A B TOM HB OpyroM cy- Yac, UTOGH BOCCTaHOBHTS "COCTA3ATEAbHOCTD” MIpH M BEPHYTb eH MOsHH- HOCTh, ABY€QMHBI "BCe-HrpoK" pasqerscTca HaqBOe. 16 aeHK BPeMCHHA, "Cy6bexTHO-OObeKTHOCTb” 3araqkH O3HaYaeT Mperxke BCeTO CHATHE ¢byHaaMeHTanbHOro MpoTHBonoctasseHus agens : patiens 4 ynpasaHeHHe- MpeowomenHe Kopensuelica B ITOM MPOTHBONOCTABICHHH TpawMUHOHHO CXeMBI, OMpefensemolt HamMuNeM AByxMeCcTHOrO NpequKaTa. STU pemaro- uyHe mpeoOpasopaHHa He MOryT 6niTh GecnocnencTBeHHEIMH Hi 19 nocTa- HOBKH BOMPOCa 0 MPOHCXOKACHMM 3araNKK MO €€ CPYHKIMSX, MOCKOMbKY 06a 9TH BOMpoca “TpaqMuHOHHO" wcxOgAT 43 ynpasqHsemon “cyGbeKTHO- OObEKTHOCTBIO" YNOMAHYTOM BHe cxeMbI. OueBHgHO, YTO H3MCHHBMIACCH YCNOBAS BHHYKTalOT HaTH HHYW MepcneKTHBY, B KOTOPOM WOUKHDI M01- YUHTb CBOE o6pacHeHne 3TH BOTIpOCH. B camom Heme, MpoucxoAeHHC Mpemnonaraer, uTO HeuTO TaKHM O6pa3oM MpeamecTByeT BO BpPeMCHH (4/124 B IpHUMHHO-CreqCTBeHHOM psaay) TOMY, 0 YbeM MpoHcCxo*KenHH MCT peub, YTO MEXKY HHMH CYMLECTBYeT 3aBHCHMOCTb HMCXOAAUICrO 110- psanxa: A tenaer, TBOpHT, cosmaeT, poaHT B (Aepaam podu Hcaaxa, Heaax podu Haxoea...). Tak Kak KaxKA0€ TBOPEHHe CaKpabHO, TO CaxpatbHO 4 MECTO, Te OHO MPOHCXOAHT (41M TBOPsINas CrUxHa), — 6e3nHa, ROABI, OMOHb H T.1., HaKGomee TOUHO CooTReTCTBYIoMHe BONpocy “OTKy1a?" Ho UIA APXAMYHOTO MH*POMOITHYECKOTO COZHAHHA CaMO MECTO (rac? OTKYy Aa?) HEeOTAeNHMO OT ero NepconHduKaunn, oT Genius loci, nokporHTena, xpa; HHTCIA HW MpeACTaBMTeIA Mecma CecO, MHOTAA Kh TROPLAa-COsgarea FOTO, MECTA, B KOTOPOM HM Jasee mpososKaIoTCa TROpYeCKHe DeaHHa. B 9TOM OT- HOMIEHHH €CTb OCHOBAHMA TOBOPHTh 06 HHOM xXapakTepe CBA3H MC>KAY KTO HM Pe, M@KAy TBOPIOM HW MECTOM TBOPEHHS WIM, TOUHES H HUNpe, 0 CyllecTBeHHO HHOM NOHMMAaHHH agens’a HM MeCTAa, JoKyca 9TOrO agens’a. Vx He3aBHCHMocTD AAA onpenenenHoit 9MOXH BECbMa OTHOCHTCJIbHa: CKO- pee peub HACT O ABYX BapHallHAx OMHOTO KH TOMO *Ke ABICHHA, CUS HC NO- PBaBUIMX COCAHHSAIOWUIYIO KX NYNOBHHY HW pa3IMyalOUIMXCa HEKHAM CMIIC- AOBLIM AKUCHTOM (agens — Kk TO-rge?, locus, MecTo — rae-Kt0?). Dra CHTyauMs, NOLTBep»aemad OOLIMPHIIM MaTepHaJIOM %KMBHIX apxaMuHDIx TpaqMunit HM MHOPOUHCICHHBIMH MeCpeoxKHTKaMH B pa3BHTblX mMudozornye- cCKmx cucTreMax (Hanp., ApeBHerpeyecKoH TpaqHUHM), Kak WenD3s Ayaure COOTBETCTBYeT SABICHHIO “cyObeKTHO-O6beKTHOCTH”, c& “paanuTocTH” no BCeMy MpocTpaHcTBy AaHHOH CHTyaHH: CyODEKTHOCTD OKasbBAcTCH CBOHCTBCHHOM He TOBKO agens’y, HO HM TOMY, YTO MPHXOAMTCS HasbIBATL "MeCTOM" (CeMaHTHYCCKHH KOMNOHEHT "KTO"), TOK ATbHOCTL — HE TOAbKO MecTy, HO H agens’y, HakKOHeL, Hagens M MeCTO O6HapyKHBAIOT acnieKT o6be KTHOCTH: M€CTO NOpoxKAAeT TOPO, KTO Kak agens TROPHT= odopmiser MecTo, MortHe-ngex “nopoxkCHHsA-NO3HaHHA” CBASHBACT BCC TPH 97H BHIACICH- HBC ABTCHHA H OGpasyeT OCHOBY BCCH KOHWENYMH MpoHCXOATEHHs 1 ero aeMeHTOB. CoxpaHH0ch HeMaJIO CBHZCTEBCTB TOPO, YTO 9TAa NpoGiema BH3HBaa MYYHTENbHHe pedAeKCHH YEMOBeKA, OCTABASCh 14 “Ero Tol 3aranKoit-TaitHol (pyccK. 3azadka coxpanser o6a 3TH 3HAYecHHA — WF Tep~ M#HomorMuecKoe: ‘3aranka’ u o6mee — ‘taitHa’), MoTOMy uTo Ges pemie- HMA 9TOH 3araqku, 6e3 OTkKpHTHA 9TOM TaitHD Spi1a 6 HeBCSMO>xtia caMOHeHTHpHKaUAS UEJIOBECKA B CXEMC TBOPCHHA, KaK H OMPCeCHHE CTO MeCcTa B MHpe; OcTaBayics 6bl TaHOH HW CaM MpOpbB M3 “HHYTO™ B “HCUTO", a HMCHHO 97a NOcMegHAS Tema Oba BbIeeHa Kak Mpodasmpyrouras. "He Guino He-cymero, # He 6ri10 cymero Torga, — pasMbIAseT ApeBHHit MiIC- autenb. — He 6bi10 HH BOsAyUHOrO NpocTpaHcTsa, HH Heba Waa HM. 17dro (kim) mpuranoce tyna ui clona? Pe (kucha)? Tog uset samroit? Yo 3a Bona 61uia — rny6oKas 6esaHa?" (RV X, 129,1). He Gnuio HH TEOpUa, HH TBOPCHHA, HH TBapH, HO BCe-TakH HEUTO 6H10 — HeKOe "ABWOKEHHC TyHa-ciona" (Gvarivah, MHTeHCHBHbI raaron) u HeKoe Equnoe (Ekam), 4 4cpe3 Pa3sMBILCHUA Hal STHM HeUTO GELIa OTKpbiTa Talitha MpOHCXOrKEe- HHS, xOTA OH B BHC Beepa BO3MOKHOCTCi. “Tiponcxoxknenwe cyuyero B He- CYIeM OTKPbLIH MYAPeLbl PasMbIMIeHHeM, Bonpomas B (cBoem) cepale” (129,4), omHa u3 9THx BO3MOxKHOCTeH Mmpeaycmorpena & orBeTe Ha M0- Bropsioummiica riasniit Bonpoc — "Orkyza POAMJOCb, OTKyfza 3TO TROpe- Hue?" (129,6: kita ajata kita iydm visrstih), “Orkyaa 2To TBopenne no- apuanoce?" (129,7: iydm visrstir ydta ababhitva). Stor orser, noxTBepxMae- MbIii pa3IMUHBIMH CBHICTEJIBCTBAMH HB CaMOit OpeBHenHAMicKO TpanMiHH (Ynanmmaas) 4 BO MHOTMX Apyrux (HanpuMep, B ApeBHEeeruneTcKoii), B BBICLUeH CreneHH xapakTeped —"Moxer, caMO cO3Han0 ceb6a, MOKET, Het" (129,7: yadi va dadheé yadi va nd; dadhé — menmanvuaa chopma). Coanath camo ce6s ToAbKO M MOXxHO GBI B TOM HCXOZHOH cH- TyaqHn a6comorHoro Hayana, Koma “Mpak ObUI COKpbIT MpaKOM", 1 6puIO Bec 9TO — HepasimuMMaa myunna” (129,3). "DpyKenue Tyqa-clona”, MHOKECTBCHHO, MecTpo-pasHoobpasHoe, HeyMopsqoUeHHO-xaoTHUeCKOe, HO yoke HAULyMEIBaWOee HEYTO WIM, 10 MeHbUICH Mepe, roToBsLeeca K STOMY, co6cTBcHHO, uM 610 HanpaBzcHO B cropony >ku3HH mM 6xzarogaps emy Oni Conepulen cam STOT MpOpHB K 2KHSHH KaK CbopMe MpeomoneHus xaoca H HeOuiTHs (auuto")5. B nepcneKTHBe %KH3HK CAMO 9TO KAOTHUeCKOe ABYOKEHHE B “AOX%KM3HEHHOM" NpOCTpaHCTBe MOET GHITb HCTOAKOBaHO KaK NepBblii HAMCK Ha "»%kH3HEHHOe", MepBEIi O6pa3 M MepBbIi ONLIT ero, Tak KaK 970 Obi10 NEPBLIM OTKPH THEM xaoca B CTOpoHy HeBezoOMoi ene OKH3HH: elt Kak Obl MpenocraBrszoch MPpaBO HCIONb3OBaTb M0-CBOEMYy 3TO MHOTOO6pa3sHe BOSMOKHOCTEM, YTOOK CACaTS BO3MOKHBM cBoe co6cTBeH- Hoe Bonomenne. Mo store 3akmioueHHOe B TyCTOTY, oGbaToOe MycTOTOH, STO 2HSHEHHOE (Z-bhil) Gri10 NOporxKNeHO CHAO %Kapa Kak HeuTO EnnHoe (tapasas tan mahindjayataikam. 129,3). Kap 611 caszan c ABWKeHHeM, H OH 2ke Ral HAYaNO BOCXOASIeMy Mpoueccy cy61MMaLMH, B XOe KOTO- Poro ocbopm.1astoch Equnoe. Ha Equnoe waniio 2keaHHe, ¥TO 6a "Tep- BBIM CeMcHeM MbICAH” (129,4), HO M BOJeIt K %KHSHH, CO-KCHHEM nepsoro BapWaHTa HHTeHLMOHATbHOTO Mana. Co3 Rauwe camoro ce6s 8 omucbBaeMoi CHTYaHM OHIO CAMH- CTBCHHOH BO3MOXHOl ChopMoi TBOpeHHsA. A3bIKOBBI BHT cbopmysn apTo- pecbuexcusxoro TBopeHua — Cam cosdan ce6a — BBOAMT B 3a6/1yKneHHe, NOTOMY UTO B epBOCHTYAaWHH HET HH camozd (cyOeKTa), HH ceba (ObbeK- 7a), HO ecTh Aum aBwxene. U ugea ABOCHHS, STHM ABWKCHHEM Tyfa-cloqa" BbINBHraeMas M MOcTeneNHO ocbopMasieMaa (mpacaas. *dvi- gati /se/ cea3ano c *d/o/va ‘apa’, cp. OGosHaueHHe pa3BeTB.1s0ulelica Ha- ABOC KOHCTPYKUMM — HEM. Zweig, aura. twig ‘BeTBE’, B MaTCPHaJIbHOM mane, M HeM. zweifeln, nat. dubito, pycCK. pasdeaucambca 6 MbICAAX UK T.IL., B AYXOBHOM, CIC Ma.1bHO — MbICAMTeNBHOM maHe). To ABWKeHHe 43 “MPaka, COKpbiToro MpakKOoM" HanpaBseNo kK cBeTy, K 3aNOAHCHHIO 5 B stom orHowennn mpencrasnenna Bepuiicxux prin o NPOHCXOAKACH HH OKHSHH CosHaHHA TipesBocxMUlaIoT — B NPHHILNe — CoBPeMeHHYIo cRAEHTHCTCKYIO KOHLCHILMO Teiiap ae Wapnena. 18 MYyCTOTH "HHYTO" ILIOTbIO-NIOTHOCTbIO "HEYTO", KH3HH. JBHXxKCHHe "Tyqa- cioga” ace Gonee yuamacTca mM ycMmMBaeTcs, ero HHEPUAA, HaNpaBseHHas B MPOTHBOMOsIOKHHIC CTOPOHI, BO3PacTaeT, aMOpPpHOe OCPOPMIAETCH, COTBO- Psemoe eMHHCTBO MOAApusyeTcs. Korma ABHxKeHKe HaNpaBliseTca “TyAa", NOCTeMeHHO HaUMHacT aKTYAMM3HpoOBATECA Wed CO3TaHMA, AKTHBHBH ee acnekT; Kora OHO HanpaBasetcs "crona", AKTYaNM3MpyeTCA NaccCMBUbIit acNeKT — HCA CO31aBACMOCTH-CO3ZAHHOCTH TOMO, UTO CO34aeTCA AKTHBHEIM Hauasiom. V1 6ynymee "cy6vexTHoe” u 6yayuiee "o6peKTHOe" pacTyT nocTe- NeHHO Apyr 43 Apyra, M3 TOTO CAMHOTO Wad HAX MCXOAHONO OKYyca, KOTOpEUi AMI MOCTEMCHHO pasqBavBacTCs, M KOTa HHEpUMA PasBOCHMs-pacKox- nena O6peTaeT CBO NOAHYIO CHI, PasqBaMBarOMMeCA YaCTH HaYMHalOT OopMAATECA ye Yepes B3AMMHOE OTTAKMBAHHE APY OT Apyra, HO MaMsaTb 06 HCXOAHOM HX eAMHCTBE MpOODKAeT COXpaHATECa, a WAM TOTO ib Ta- PaHTHPOBaTb COXpaHHOCTs 9TOH HHC*OpMaLMH o MpancToKax, uTO6EI oGecre- UTb BOSMOAHOCTb B C/lyYae HAXOOHOCTH BO3BpaliCHHA K HUM, KyJIbTy pa Bbi- pa6aTEiBaer ocoOble MexaHH3MBbI, H 3arajika — OHH 3 TaKMX MCXaHH3MOB. TlossHO, ¥TO B 9TOM KOHTeKCTe "CyObeKTHO-O6bEKTHOCTh” 3aradKH, O KOTOPOH TOBOPHJ0Cb BHI, KOPHAMH CBOMMH CBA3EIBaeTCH C "CyYGbEKTHO- o6beKTHOCTbIO" CaMOM CHTyaHH MepBOTBOpeHHA. Saraqke Ha ee MepBBIX marax, kak MH dbopMupyroulemyca Kocmocy, mpemiiectsyeT HeKHi xaoc, 4 TONbKO 43 CHTyaMM MpeobiasaHUA M rocnogCTBa xaoca MOXHO MOHSTb Ha3HAYCHHE 3araqKH, CC BHYTPCHHHA NaH KM OTUACTH Ce BHYTPeHHee crpoenne. IIpoasacnue 6prraa, cyujero BO BCEM CTO MEICAHMOM cocTaBe, efO OpraHH3allHt HM CMBICIOMOPOXACHHE B MCPBOHAYaNbHOM HHUTO, He- cyuleM, B 6e36nITHHOCTH H 6eCCMBICACHHOCTH XaOTHYeCKOro — BCé 3TO CO- cTaBaso O6mMi Kpyr 3a7a4 HM TBOPeHHA (KOcMOreHesa) 1 3araqKH. OHH IH HOra B HOTY, M pa3MHUa0 4X TO, UTO CO3qaBAeMOE B TROPCHKM KaK e110, B 3araqke WK, TOUHEe, B TOM LIMpoKOH ccepe, H3 KOTOpoH nosx*e BHIKPHCTAAM30Ba1aCb KaK XaHpoBas CTpyKTypa 3araqKa, BOCTpoHsBOAH- A0ch B CAOBE, B peun, B TeKcre. Ho 970 TBOpeHHe B CIOBe He 6pI10 TObKO AYGAMpOBaHHeM TBOPeEHHSA B ere: ITo9m uzdaneka 3ae0dum peXb. | Hoama danexo 3acodum pero, W 3Ta PCUb-COBO 3aBOMWa TAK WasteKO, uTo Gta cosqaHa 3HAKOBAS BCCACHHAS, BOSMOXHOCTH KOTOPOH MHO- TOKPaTHO MpeBbIWaM BOSMOXKHOCTH BCeCHHOM "Zea 4 BeWeh" H KOTOpaa OHTOTOrH4UeCKH (nO MeHbUeH Mepe) 6pL7a MeppuUHOH. "B Hayate 6x10 CaoBo", — cKazaHoO MMeHHO 06 970i cuTyauMM. TlosTomy cx0B0 (umexa sogelt 1 Bemjei) GbL1I0 He TOABKO OGbCKTOM-pe3ybTAaTOM TBOp- uecKOrO akTa, HO H TBOpuOM-cyGpeKTom. C10BOM, AapyiOulMM XxH3Hb, NlozamHHoe GuTHe BCeMy, YTO eCTh B MMpe H YTO MOXxEM ObIMb B HEM, u60 — "I"panuyet woez0 1361Ka O3HANAIOT rpaHHUB Moero Mupa [...] ToT axt, uTO MHD ecTh Mol MUP, MpOsBAeTCA B TOM, YTO PPaHMUbl A3bIKA (€QHHCTREHHOTO 9361Ka, KOTOPHIi NOHHMal a) O3HaYalOT rpaHHibl Moez0 mupa” (Burrenumteitu 1958, 80—81: 5.6, 5.62)°. lornka HANOANAeT MH; TPAHHUbI Mupa ABIAIOTCA TaKKe ee rpaninamH. [osTOMY MbI He MOXKEM FOBOPHTb B OPHKe: 3TO H ITO CYUecTRYeT B Miipe, a TO — HeT. M60 970, Ho-BHAMMOMY, MpesNOsIarano Gb1, TO MbI HCKTOYAEM ONPEAEMEHHbIe BOIMOXKHOCTH, a 3TOro He MOXET ObIT, TAK KaK [UIA 9TOFO AOTHKa JOIKHA Ghia Obi BITITH 3a TpaHHtDt Mipa: 4TOObI OHa MOra paccMaTpHBaTh 3TH Ppanilibl TAKE Hi C Apyroit cropoHbl. — To, Mero MbI He MOXKEM MbICIHT, TOO MbI MbICAHTb H€ MOXEM; MbI, C/IC/OBATEABHO, He MO- 2KEM CKa3ATb TOFO, YEFO MbI HE MOXKEM MbICAHTS [...] CYObeKT He NpHHasexHT Mupy, HO On ect rpannia Mipa” (Butrenurrei 1958, 80—81: 5.61, 5.632). 19Ha ocHosaHHH UCHOTO psa npenbuyumx paGot, KaK H Ha OCHOBAHKH cKagaHHOrO BBILIC, MOXHO CACIATH 3aXTONCHHE O HeKoelt CBA3H MeEXKAY REAOM H CIOBOM, TROPCHHOM H Cro Of oGpaxKCHHEM B SHAKOBOM MPOCTPAaHcTEC, B TCKCTE. ITA CE83> MOKCT ObiTb O6UBHAUCHA (Oo MeHLUeH MCPC) Kak 1a - paaAcCAM3M, Ofna H3 hydgaMcuTaADHMX COC/aBITIOIUNX KOTOPOTO —- OGmiCe HANPABACHHE ABHKCHHA BCKCME HPONCXO-KACHUA, PASBUTMA (HYK~ HO TORYCPKHYTS, YTO B AAHHOM CAYYAE HCIb3a HOBOPHTS O MapasLAcan3ame KAK ABTOMATHYCCKOM CACUCTBMK 43 CHTYaUNA “oroGpaxacmoe — oTObpa- 2Karonsce”, MOCKOAPKY B OTHOUICHHH ITOTO KpHTePHA # CAOBO H ACO BNOWI- He CHMMCTPHYHMI, TO CCTh KAKAOC H3 KMX PAGHbIM o6pa30M BbICTYMaeT Kak oro6paxaemoe 4 Kak OTo6paxatomec). Han6c.1ce HHTeEHCMBHad YaCTb STOFO NapasNemAsma, OHAKG, HE CTONDKO B o6mem HasIpaBJICHHH ABMKE- HHA, CKOAbKO B 10 CMBICHe, B ero TencosorHH. B oGoux cayyastx peub HyCT 0 AMdehepeHyMAaL NN 9ACMEHTOD H HX YNOPHAOYEHIM 8 CHHTC3MPyeMOM LC- JIOM, Haye TOBOPS, O BEIXOWC H3 ThMbi XadCa B CBCT Kocmoca, 43 HeOpiTAa B 6hiITHe, B KH3Hb AO COSLaHHH rapaHTHit ycroiuMBocTH 6pITHA 4 KMAHH. Tpeogonenve o4TponMM HM cosgaHKMe B Heapax xaoca xoTa Gbr HeKOETO AADA, KOTOPOC MOACT CTATh HCTOUHHKOM MPOTHBOMOJIOKHOPO DHTPONHH 3K-TPONHYECKOTO TOTOKA, COGCTBEHHO, MH OBO MABHO! WeAbIO AKTA TROPCHHS B CTO FtyOHHHOM BbIpPaxCHHH, TopeHtte MHpa ye M0 CAMOMY YQIOBHIO MpennONaraeT STV Web, HO TAKOBA KE WH VETb CIOBA W YOKCTA, COOTRECEHHOTO C TROpeHHeM, oO 4eM NOBeTaHO B ERanrenyu or Hoanua, THe nomyepkKHyta HM TEOpYecKaa cua Caropa, ero GoxecrBeHHocTs, cy&b~ KTHOCTb, NCPCOHMUUMPORAHHOCTh H AHTPOMOUCHTpHYHOCTH ero. — "RB Hayase 6p10 Crono, v CxoBo 6pin0 y Bora, n Cxono 6hi10 Bor. Ono 6pr10 BHauaze y Bora. Bce upes Hero nauano 6urtp, 4 6e3 Hero HHUTO He HAYATO 6nITH, UO Hayano Gath. B Hem Gpiia KH3Hb, MH KU3Hb OnuIa CBeET ¥CO- Bexus. 1 cBeT BO ThMe CBCTHT, H TbMa He Ofbata cro” (Moaun I, 1---5). OrmeueHHHit napayzenwam MexAy TEOPeHHEM-Ae10M 4 C0B0M — TBO- PHMBIM H TBOPAUIHM, MOSBOASET, KAKETCA, CHCAAT HCKOTOPHE JakMIONC- Ha Oo MpOuCcxoxAcHHH Carona, 8 Gonee y3KOM MaKe — 3aragKH KaK OAHOH 43 cbopm CIOBECHOMO TBOPUECTBA, NO MPOHCKXOXKACHHIO-TBOPCHHIO MHpa, KOTOPOE NpenctaBAcHO B ACTOUHAKAX B Gone OKCrLINUMpOBAHHOM BHAC H NOTOMY -1y4e H3BecTHo. Cam cbeHOMeH MpoONcXoxAeHHs HaKGonee NOAHO OCMBICIEH MOET ObITh B_KOHTeKCTe, Me HMEN MecTO BTOT GpCHOMEH. Orset Ha BODPOC O MPOHCXOAACHHA MpeyNnoAaracT HAXOKACHHS HC TOKO KOHTCKCTA STOPO ABICHHS, HO HM Cro HeiOcpeyCTBeHHOrO AOKYCa HW TOU KH “Dpopsisa” 43 OFHONO COCTOAHHA B NpHHUMNHabHO HHOe, KOTOpBIM, COOCTBEHHO, HW CCTh ONHORPEMEHHO NPUUAHA H CACHCTBHE IIpOnCXOx*KACHHAT. 7 Buyrperiot popma cutora, o6o2nataloiero MpoUcxOxsCHHtE, BeKPbIBAcT CeMAH- THYECKYHO MOFHHAIPORKY OOOIMAYEHHM, OOLINHO BeCHMa ANCOPMATHBHYTO, Cywaia TaKBX MOTHBHPO"OK NO AAHNDIM PAINLIX AILIMCH NOIROARET COITATL HeAMA AIIKORLsT O6pas COOTRETETHYOANCH We “FleCh HOcTATOVHS OVpaHANThCA JIE BECKOIBKHMS TIpHMe- PaMit, Npekie scero aacayAHRaey BUMMAHIA Kyles perKoro, HEPLMHOTO, BACIANOFO AUIDKEHHA KAM AKC HPOTHRO-JBINKEHMA, NOPLIBAIOUICTO © KREPUNeH Nokes Ht "Ape ABUYHIero" AWIDKEHTIA, AMOKCHHA Kak CKAKs, PAIPHIBA C HEKHM MPACOcTOAHMEM — HexCAHHM, TepRAMNHM, TepAIOUIIMCE & MYOSIKE Cepith NpenttecrMORaNMT, cp, HEM. Ur-sprung (: Sprung 'ckasiox’, Tp upxor’, "paIPbIB' $7.11); tay. origo (: orior) WO H.-eMp. ter OF TACK HOAMEPAMBACT I/ICIO NPOTHBOPCHHBOCTH MERCH, APEOAOTERAIEMETO C HpormacenAR, HAtpaRAeHHLCTL CRIED BREPK, CP. pyeek. mpUruc-rowcdeHue, 6OC-Cmanue 20 B pamxax mucbon TROPCHHS “HPOHCKOPKACHAC” —~ TO KAK pas TO, UTO OTAC- TACT OAHO COCTOAHHE OF Apyrono, 6aarogapa uemy CoBepmtaeTcA ITOT Mepe- XOR CM MEPCRO) V3 THMbI B CRET. H3 wcSiaTs p GEITHe, H3 xaoca B Koc- Moc. CyTb Ha¥aqa TepeXOAa, Kak YRC TORCPHIOC, B MPO-#BACH HA CY ULE PO, a ANA TOTO YTOGK! ITO NPO-H3O-ULAL, Hy2KHO OCROGOAHTh TO, 4TO AO TOrG HaxORMA0Ch B COCTOAHHK CMeLICHHA, FW OTKPbITh-ABRTb 10, YTO 6bL10 CKPHTO, ONPERCMMTh HCOMPEKeCRHOC, waiivH B MaCCHSHOM AKTHBHOC, B SKC TCHCHBHOM KHTCHC“BHOC, 5 THUICHHOM cMnCAa CMbIC, OOO3HAYMTH Ha~ MpaBAcHHe ABWOKEHHA, KOTOPOE ONpEZeAzet coGoro HoOBOE cocrosHne. B pam~ KAaX 9TOMO NEPeXOAa HW NPOHCKOMAT PASACACHHC HEKOEH HepACsACHHMOU Pa~ Hee aMOpuck “cySvexTHO-CSweKTHOCTH” Ka “cy@oexTHoe" w “obbeKTHOe™, YOTANARAHBACTCS HCKAW YHUBEPCaibwAs CHCTeMa onmo3yHil, pasnersoue- CAaZHBAIOMaA MpeAwecTByIOUlce “KAOTHYCCKOC” H CTAHOBAMECCA, MPO-HC~ XOMAMee AoCMeMyIoUlce "KOCMHYECKOR™: ABACHHOC — HCABACHHOC, BHAK- Moc -— 6esBMqHOe, OTKPHTOe — 3aKPbiTOe, ANCKPeTHOC — HeMPCPLIBHOC, OMmpexesACHHOe — HEOMPCACICHHOE, BHEUIHEC —- BHYTPCHHCC, 3HaHHCe — Hesnanue (cosHaiwmsec —- SeccosHaTembHCE, Cp. anga veda yadi vii na veda. RV X, 129,7 ‘toabKo o& 3HACT HAH 2Ke HE JHacT’), UCACHaNpassreHRoe — CNOUTAHHOe, KOHTPOANpyeMoe --- HEKORTPOTMpyeMoe MH T.T. Pasymeetcs, 91a KAPTHHA HE O3HAYACT, UTO B COTBOPCHHOM "KOC HCCROM” NOTHOCTHH) orcyrcrsyer “HesaaeHHoc” win “Gessnance’, HAK "HenpepHBHoe”, 11H “weottpeeMeHHoe” Hi T.1.: Pelb HUET TO.TbKO O TEHACHILMH HO mpeo6maza- HMH MMCHHC TaKOMO pacnperencnas WICHOE OTHX ONNO3HUHH, KH AHMIb B “CHABHBIX", HHATHOCTHUCCKH HaHGOACE BAKHBIX HOSHUMAX PCAbHOe Pace nponencHMe MpakTHYeCKH COBMAAAeT C HNCAHHOM CNeMO. BMccTe ¢ Tem HONMUME HCHS:KHTHX JCMEHTOB "XAOTHUCCKOFO” B "KOCMAYECKOM" — TOT necbekt, TO yymeHHe, Ha OCHOBE KOTOPOTO cbopmupyetca HoBas TeHAeH- UNS K NPOdO-DKCHM pasBUTHA, 3aMaHHOrO "NpoTHBS -ABYDKCHHEM”, 103B0~ AMBISHM OCYLUCCTBUTH MpopriB 43 xaoca B KOCMOC, H MMCIOUICTO WeAbIO BUXOA B HOBOC NPOcrpaHCTKO — OT KOHKpeTHOTO K AGCrpAKTHOMY, OT OTOrO K HHOMY, OT HatHYHOrO KH yMonocTHraeMoro K TPdHCLLeHCHT~ ROMY, OT KOHCUHOMO K OCCKONSUHOMY KaK [pOCTpAaHCTBY NOTERUMAABHONO- Vimea 8 BMay gToT KOHTCKCT H OCOGcHHO CHTYaUMIO, CBAZAHHYIO C “TpopwBOM" H3 "XaOTH4CCKOTO" B “KOCMM4eCKOe", YMCCTHO BEPHYTbCA K 3ataQKe WIM K TOMY, TO cit npemmecTBoRatO. JlerKO 3aMCTHTD, YTO, ToAOGHE CAOIO HepacuTeHeRHol "cySeeKTHO-OFLeKTHOCTH”, O KOTOpOH ro- BOpMNOcb panee, B Hel oGHa pyKMBAlOTCS MK Apyrve XapakTCpHUe (oTuacTH napayoKca.1bHEe) ocoGcHHOCTH —- Wa2ke B COBPCMCHHOM cocTOsHUM 3arad- KH, — KOTOPBIC ANaJOPHUHAI TEM, YTO OTMCHATHCh B CRASH C TROPCHIEM, Cpa3y 2ke HYXKHO MOAUCPKHYTH, YTO PCUb He WAT (RO BCAKOM CTyHac C HeMIPeMCHHOCTbIO) O COXPAHCHHM RAHHO! OcoSCHHOCTH B AHAXPOHMUCCKH TOKAecTBeEHHOM yaac. Topa3mo cymecTReHHee B ITOM OTHOMICHHH Apyroe— coxpanenue 3aranKo’ camoro mpHuuucta, camott aTMocdeppl, a HHOrgA 1 CTPYKTYPH!. KOTOPHC KEKONA ONPEALAA CHTYAUMIO TBOPCHHA HM, KaK MOXKHO Ho7araTe C GOAbINHM BEpOsITHeM, RAPHAHTH! “MepBoTeKCTa” TBOPC- HIM, B GACTHOCTH, a MoakCT ObITS, HB HepBylo OYCPEA saraaky WAM, TO Hee, MpoTo-saraAKy. (ep Spraur # Ho.) Jp-rper. yéveoss ‘npoucxorrcnne’ OTCoLIAET K W1Ce POAKACH HT (ybve- jas), HEOTHCAMMON OT Hs[ert HALTS -NOITANTAA (yey wOCKE : "g’en-"3HATE, ‘POORTATE') WT. aiTlomumo “cyGbeKTHO-OObEKTHOCTH”, pacTBOpeHHol B amopdHocTu wyenoro, YacTH KoTOpOro (1191 K3BeCTHOPO NcepHoga aAMUIb HOTCHUMAHBIC) poccraHaBMBaloTcs AHW B MepcnekTHae 6yryueit qHAaTesH ‘cy6pekT — ooeekT", As 34TAIKH AKTYANbHbI MpakTHUECKH BCe ONHOSKUKH, MEpeHHc- ACHHBIC BbILIe, MPH TOM, YTO YALE BCCTO OKA peanM3yeT (xOTA H B pasHon creneHu) 06a WICHa Kaxqoii napsl, o6pasyloueit onnosHumw. OcobeHHo CYIECTBCHHA POA ONMOSHUMK, OTCITaOMIMX K mosHaBaTebHOK ccepe (gHaHMe — He3HaHHe) HK ccbepe, oGpasyemoit ABHAeHMEM "TPAaHCUeHACH- THOTO" THMIa (3TO — MHOC), a TAKKC CBOMCTBO OTKPHITOCTH HW MOTCHUMAIb- HOCTH, Mpwcymiee saranKe. Bo MHOrMx TpaqMUMAX Mu@bI TROPCHHa 3aBepmIa‘OTCA TEM, YTO NOcCAC Toro kak Tpopell cosgaa Bech "MaTepHanbHblit” cocras MMpa, on COBCpulacT MOCACHHHA TBOPYcCKHH akT —HMAHAPEYEHHME BCCIO, YTO CCTh B mupe. B page TpamMynii 9TOT aKT CBA3aH C PeabHEIM NoaraHHeM HCKOCTO BIOMHE MAaTePHaAbHOrO CYOCTHTYTA-3IKBUBAJIEHTa HMCHM, HO TEM He MeHEC TaBHOe B 9TOM aKTe — HE MaTEPHATbHOTO, HO WACANbHOTO, TYXOBHOTO cBolictBa. STOT MocreqHHii aKT TBOPeHHs OAHOBPeMCHHO HM MepBLIt aKT mpopbipa B 3HAKOBOEC mpocrpaHcTBO, oOpa3ylouero TpeWHHY (Sprung : Ur-sprung)® B MoHO;MTE "T03HaKOBOrO", KOTOpasd CaMa H CCTb 3HAK BOSHMKHOBCHHS TMepBoit COGCTBEHHO “3HAKOBOK" ONTOsHILHH — 060- 3nauaemoe ; o6osHauatoulee. Bcé, uro HMCET HM, MOXeT 61ITb OO PEKTOM BOMPOWaHHA, MOTOMY YTO CAMO HM# MIpeMMCTa ye H CCT OTBET Ha BOMpOC 0 MlaBHOM 8 3ToM mpenmete, H60 "Jia oTBeTa, KOTOpbIit He MOxeT 6bITh BAICKa3aH, He MOxeT OniTh BHICKA3AH BOMpOC. 3aeadKu He CyWECTByeT. Ecan sonpoc Boo6iye Moxer OpiTb MOCTaBACH, TO Ha HETO MOXHO Take H otBetuTb" (ButrenmTeiin 1958, 96 : 6.5)°. Bcé, uro corpopeno, o6pasyer 8 Cp. ogHO H3 OCHOBHDIX NOHATHI APEBHEHHAMACKOK quIocodHA ASbIKA H MOOTHKH, CBAZAHHOe ¢ ABJEHHeM — Mpo-ABICHHEM CMbICAa, — sphola-~ npn sphut- ‘packanni~ Barb(ca)’, "BSpbIBATH(CA)’ H NON. ° C aTHMit NOAOKEHHAMH CBAZAHI elle ABA KPyra Mpo6.AeM, 3arparnBacMbIx BuTrert- WTEHHOM H MYOMHHO COOTHECEHUIX {pyr C APYTOM—O fIpenere HO BOIMOXK HOM. K nepBoMy (1OMHMO 5.6—5.62) cp.: "Bpemennde Gecemeprite yeroReyecKoil AYIIM, OBHAYAIOUICE, CACLOKATETLHO, €€ BEMHY!O KHIHb MwKE TOCTE CMePTH, He TOABKO HHYeM He rapanTHpoBAtto, HO MPERAE BCETO ITO MPEAMOAOKCUME HE BHINOAHAET aK TO- To, Yero ¢ ef HOMOMIHIO Berita xoTeTH AOCTH'b. PeiaeTcA AM Kakay~1NGO 3araaKa TEM, 4TO # BeNHO NpoAoTMaIO KHTL? He AANICTCA AM NOSTOMY 91a BEMHAA KHGHD Ma- CTOABKO KE 3araqO4HOit, Kak M HaCTOAUAN? PeMEHMe Sar AAKM ANH B HPO- CTPaHcTHE H BPeMeHH JeKHT RHE MpocTpancTsa H npemerit" (6.4312), "Kax ers Mup— JIA BbICIUEFO CoBEpLIeHHO Gespaztiio. Bor He mposanaetca @ Muspe" (6.4332), "Bee chaxTbr MpHHayiexat TOAbKO K 3azla4e, a He K PelueHMio" (6.4321), "Mucriueckoe He TO, Kak MH ECTb, HO TO, 4TO OH ecm " (6.44) H T.II., HE TOBOPH Yok O JHAMCHHTOM Testce BHCHONOKCHHOCTH CMbICAa Mupy—"CMBbICA MHpa LODKEH AGKaTh BHE ero, B wpe uce €CTb, Kak OHO €CTb, M BCE NPOHCXOMHT Tak, KaK NPOnCcXoAHT. B HEM HET HUKaKOi eH HO- CTH, a €caH Gb! Oa TaM H Ghia, TO OHa He HMelIa Obr HHKAKOH NeHHOCTH. EcaM ecTb WeH- HOcTb, HMEIOLLAaA LEHHOCT, TO OHA j1OJKHA AexKaTh BHE BCeFo NPOMCXogAMero H BE Taxoro (So-Scin). M60 ece npoucxogauyee H Takoe — cayuaiino, To, ro fenaeT 370 He CAyHaiHLIM, He MOKeT HaXO/HTbCA B MME, AGO B NPOTHBHOM cAy4ae OHO GbIIO GbI cay- uaiinbim, OHo fomKHO HaxoguTbCA BHe MHpa" (6.41).— Ko BTOpOMY, Kak csleNCTBIIC H3 6.5 (CM. Butte), cp. "CKEITHUHIM He HEONPOREpAHM, HO, OYEBIHO, GeccMBIcreN, ec. OH XO¥eT CoMiteRaTH eA TAM, Tle Heah3H cnpauuMBarb. Hovoy 470 coMHeHHC MOxKET CYLECTBORATL TOADKO TAM, THe CYIECTRYET BOT POC, ROMpoc — TOALKO TAM, Tite cy- ulecTayeT OT BET, a OTBET— TOAbKO TaM, TE YTO-HNGyAb Momcem Gime cKazan0" (6.51), "MbI SyncTBYeM, YTO, ec GbI H CYLecTHOBAN OTHET Ha BCe BosMOMCHBLe HayHHbIe BO POCHI, MPOBEMB! AH3HH He GBLTH GbI NpH 9TOM jake aaTpOHyrE!. TOMA, KOHEHHO, Gost 22 cocras TeopeHusa, CyMMy Belici-npeyMeToR mpexme Bcero. 3aragka, Kak TpaBHio, H C1YXMT NPOABACHHIO 6nITHA, Cynero B eTO “npeametHoHi cop- Me M aKTyazM3auHM "MpeyMeTHOrO” COcTaBa MMpa B " A3HIKOBO) cbopme (B 1aHHOM Cayyae MMecTCs B BHLy ecTeCTBCHHbI 3K). Ho ecTb OCHOBa- HHS JYMaTb, ¥TO “MpoTO-saraqka" yXOOHT CBOHMH KOPHAMH B Gouiee TpeB- HIOIO CHTYaUMIO, PaSHrpuBalOMly!O HeKy!o 3aqauy MPHMCHHTETbHO K "]O0S3HIKOBOMY" YPOBHIO, TOUHCE — K “pHes3HKOBOK" O6cTaHOBKE. 3mecb OMATb-TaKH He HYXHO ZYMaTb, YTO COBPEMCHHBIe (HH BO BCAKOM Cy uae cymecrBeHHo Goce no3qHHc) npAMeppl HeMOCPCACTBCHHO OTPaxKaloT HCXOAHY!0 CHTYaLMO, ¢ KOTOPO! OHM CBI3aHbI HEMPEphIBHOH MIPpeeMCTBCH™ Hoi werbwo. Cxopee, 37a CBASb — B CAMOM AXE 3AFaNKH, KOTOpH BPCMs OT BPEMCHH BOCMPOHSBOHT HEKy!O APXaHUHy!O CHTYAUMIO. CouetaHve opMeHTHpoBaHHOCTH 3araqkH Ha "MpeMCTHOCTb’ C BHEA3BI~ KoBocTb1o” (xoTa 6h YaCTHUHOM) BCTpeuacTcA He CTOAP YK PeAKO M 3HACT mBe pasHosManocTu. IlepBasd M3 HMX, Koraa “ponpocuas” yacTb HMcCT HYMCBOC ASHKOBOC BLIPAXKCHHE, MPCACTABeHa B H3BCCTHOM party TPAadH- uHi MpakTuKe “ObICTpbIx" 3araqoK: BMeCTO “sonpoca” B peucpon cbopme Beqyimit ykagbipaeT Ha HeKuli mpenMer, mpeanonaraa OnicTphilt OTBET, CMCHSCMBIi CTOMb Ke GEICTPbIM HOBLIM "BOTIPOCOM" B BRE yKasaHUs cue- nytoulero mpenMeta (yKasaHHe CoBcpulaeTca PyKOM, TanbuUeM, MOBOPOTOM TOAOBH, B3MIMJ0M H T..). BrOpasd pasHOBHAHOCTh TAKHX | 3aragoK xapaKTepHayeTca CnoBecHowt chopmoit Bonpoca mpx “npeameTHoHt (yka3a- Hve Ha mpenmer) dopMe orseta HM BoobUIe Mp OTBeTe "TCIOM , a HE cnosom. Takoe "nopopeHHe BemlaMH", 0 KOTOPOM HeKora MCAT Candr B ero “Tyzamsepe", ne pas orMeyanach B prityane saraqbiBanus 3aran0K B Heb GpakocoueTanua B cBane6HOM o6paye B pycckol TpaqHuMH. B 9ToM Cay4ae yMeCTHO OrpaHHYHTbCa OAHUM MPHMEPOM, JOCTATOHO TOApOOHEIM HB BHICHIeH CTeneHu NOKasaTenbHBIM. Peub HACT B HEM 0 CUCHE, MPOHC~ xomamel B OMe OTUAa HeBecThI, Korma TyHa npuxomur "naprHa 2KCHHXa M ApyxKa HAYMHaeT TOproBaTeCa C "NpoaBOM MecT (o6niuHO 6paToM HEBECTHI, NOMIC HC€ CHAAMIMM) OTHOCHTCABHO TIOKYNKH MeCTA paqom Cc HEBECTOM, YTOOH cro 34HAT B MTOTE CHENKH %KCHHX: “__ Henp3s 1H HaM, JOOphili Moone, CBOE MECTEYKO YCTYMHTh Wis KE- uaxa [...]? — 4 caoero mecta RapoM He YCTyNalo, a MpozaTb — mpowaw. — Uem xe TH, A06psiii Mononeu, Topryemm[? ]. — A Topryi Bcem: NHCH- uaMH, KYHHWaMH H MCCTOM KHSKCCKHM, — CxoabKo xe Te6e Haz06HO uem TH Gepemp [...]? — Y Hamero kHa3x HapeucHHoro BCCrO AocTaTOUHO. —Koma tak, uro # 6yny chpawusarb, TOM MomaBal, da MHC oTseuait, — M3sonb, Monogeu! — Jlait MHe Ha MOWHHE pyOankos ceMb, uro6st 11060 6r10 BCeM. — U3ponp, o6upai [Jpyxka BbichinacT Ha 6aroRo, WOCTaBACHHOe Ha CTOMe, Ha KOTOPOe HM HO7KCH BHKabIBATHCA «Bbikyn» 3a Mecta J. — Jlasait muc, npyKeHbKa, 4TO CBeTACe COMHUA, Kpa- me He6a 3Be3qHoOro? — H3B01b MpHHMMaTb Ulpyxxka pptnvmact 43-38 na3yxu o6pa3-MKoHy H nogacr. Tlpozaseu, NPHHMMas HKOHY, KPcCTHTCs v caput MKOHY Ha Toaky B KANH, TOKCK Oops ;IA cHocro AH BHE MaTepmaabiore HocHTe1# aroro A, no FOnry, “owiataer, YT seTORevecKad TICHXHKA faseKa OT NOAHOTO CHHTE3a, HaNpoTHB, Oa CAMLIKOM ArKO FoToRa pacnacThcs No; HanlopoM HeKOHTPoANPYeMHIx aMOnMiA", ITO! "AHCCOMMMpORAHHOCTH" A, Cro BbIXoAY 3a COGCTRCHHO CBOK APCAETHI, PACTROPCHIIO B UPYTHX MOET GbITh NocTanleHa B CoOTBET- erBHe Ta aTMociepa, B KOTOPO! cKAAMMInATACh saranKa-WeNTHGUKALMA H KOTOpa onpeseaiaa ee nepponayambnbtii syX. 27ragox. Tem He McHee KONHYCCTBO Belleli, KOTOpRic HMA, KAK H KOJIMMCCTBO 3araAO# O BEULAX p 11060M QOCTATONHO NMPCACTABHTCADHOM “sare@ao4HoM™ kopnyce, pera TOMHO BEAMKO H DaCT MOBOT WIS IOKHDIX B CBOE OCHOBE MpeacTaBACHAH © TOM, ¥TO 3araAKM "PA3hIrPHBAIOT NPeHMYULECTRCHHO HM TPOKC BCeTO “npeAMCTHO-BeulHHIH” CocraB MDA. Qraacta npuunnol TaKono 3ab.ryx- ACHHA ABAACTCA HHCPUMA, CTORKHBMACA B PesybTATe HEKOPPCKTHOTO OOOGUIECHNaA MaTCpHasa "BCLIHHIX" saragoK WH MepeHecenvas 3a CRON TICp- BOHaUAaTbUAIe NpeAerw. B apyrax cayuaax (oryacrH O6baCHAeMbIX oTOTt *KC HHCPUNCH HAM Ke NpOcTO HeSpexHOcTbO yHaCTHHKOB 3aranEIBaHUs- pasragnBanua WH nyGAMKaTOpor ‘3aragouHRx” coOpannii) npwunna gaGayxacHHii — B W3BECTHOM paspHine MCKAY BOMPOCHOM HW OTRETHOI uaCTAMM 3araqOK: MHOTOObpasHOC, MepeTeKaloMlcc, CACHyroUce Apyr 3a APyroM, MpoleccyabHoe B OTBETe HETOUHO KOAKpyeTcs Yepes “MpeAMeT- Hoe"; B PesyAbTATe 3aranaHHoe jclicTBHe B OTBCTC AEKOMMPyeTCA Kak MmpeaMet, BOBTeCUeHHE B OTO AClicTRMe, a "KaprHHKa", W306paxaromlas Lent pay WeHcTRHIT —- KaK NOCMEAOBATCAHOCTD COCTBCTCTBYIOINHX NpPea- METOB HIM WaxKe OHH MPCAMCT, CCIM OH CBI3AH CO BCEMH SBCHbAMH ETA TaKHX WeHCcTBHM (Cp.: Toni, CyMunu, KOAOMUAU, POU, KPYMiLu, MKU- au, Ha cmon Kaanu = Jen [2105] noa.). Brpouem, HepeaKo CoxpaHsieTc# H "HenpesMeTHas” cbopMa oTBeTa, Cp. B CEPHM 3araqoK M3 WTApyemore BITE CRaCHHOrO TEKCTa: 6pinxo-mo pexym, meno 6 ad ganam, dyuy-mo 6 pati maiwam = Monompba xae6a waK Kpall ¢ Kpaem cxodumcs, 6e4o- pounozo xovemcsx = Cname xouemcs [1606], win Lene u Hout odHy pa- 6omy pabomaro 4 Ymo xe Ae’ denamb? — C OHM M TEM Ke OTBCTOM — Abuuamy [1610—i611] w ap. K coorsercrryromei npo6rematuKe cp. TOur 1991, Dpomm 1992, Knepkerop 1993 n ap.’* Mnorga xe “HenpeameT- Hast” PopMa OTBETA BOCCTAHABAMBACTCA M10 CMbICAY H/ HAM CMEC 4 pHcp- Me, Kora cpopma orgera upercrapaset coGoit pudmy kK OAHOMY H3 COB B "garaneBaioulei” YacTH, KOTOpoe cBOeM CopMOH HMIIMUMpycT TOUDIIt BHA OTBCTA. Tloasoas mpoMexyTOUHHe MTOrH (B MpeABApATCAbHOM BapHaHTe) pac- CyKACHHSIM 06 OCObEHHOCTSX “MpOTO-3araqKH". yMeCTHO MOAYepKHYTb AMUIb BAKHCHMICE — OTCYTCTBHC BONPOWAHHS (M, CACHOBATETbHO, BON|pO- ca), HO HaaMUNe NpPHrMaweHHs K MACHTHpUKaUAM (HO He K OTBCTY B CTPO- TOM cMbICAe CroBa), "eMOHCTpauMoHHOcTS” ("KapTHHKa") HK AeHKTHY- HOCTb, AMOPPHOCTH, HEMPeEPHBHOCTH, AMCCOWMMPORAHHOCTH, C OAHOM CTO- POHH, HW yCTaHOBKa Ha MpOeKTHBHYW WACHTHpHKAUMIO, OTOKACCTEACHUC C Weblo CHHTe3a, C Apyroit croponti. B 9TOM KOHTEKCTC MOXKHO AYMaTb, uto "3araqunky" w "oTraquMky" MpequectBoBaTH duryphl HECKOJIbKO HHO- ro miawa — "yeiKTop"-yKa3aTerb HW “HAeCHTH*PNKATOP"-OTOATECTBHTEAb, Bemlax B Kopnyce 3a craHoBaTcs OObEKTAMH 3araqBlei "4 Wnorga oTBeTHI Ha 3ara/lKY HMCIOT BECbMa HEKAHOHMICCKyIO (POPMY, BECHMA IPH. GANZHTCAbNO COOTRETCTRYA "3aratIBaeMon” YacTH, Cp. Take OTBETHI, KaK Fauym [1951], Moxornuxa Hecym [1 664—1668], Mozury prime u noausamn [1675}, Con audems [1608], Moaomsm cronoi |2322--2367], Kuym cepnom (Ho W Cepn) [2106-2145], Bosam conor k oouny [2278-2287], Edym c euaamu 3a cHonamn wa cen [2273-2277], Monn cnpamuusaiom, ede xom [1221—1246}, Hoces pacu unu mucruyo [2019-2048], Caepme [1630-1645] paxe Hower 2 3a nowadn wu Ka oxomy u 63an c Cobol cobaky, HaWwen aedeeduuy [1259] W 1.0. Muorne #3 TaKHX OTBCTOB enone Mor.lt GE GbITe MasBanHeM kapTMunl, a HeKOTOpnle Kak [1259] — pesiome HeGombuioro paccKaza. 28 KOTOPBIC, BCPOSTHO, B ONPEACACHHHX CHTVANHAX MONK M@HSTRCH MecTa- MH — #14 PeryIAPHO, TO ECTb B KAKTOM HOBOM WHKJIC, HN 8 3aBMCHMOCTE: oT ycnexa-Heycnexa HACHTHNKATOpa. UacCHTHDUKAaNKA-OTOKACCTRICHHe Kak OCHOBHaa ONepauna “NpoTo-3araAkH", C TOMOMILO KOTOpolt ycTaHaB- AMBACTCA COCTAB MHpa W HCKOTOPHIC CBASH. CYUIECTBYOLIMe 8 HEM, 11aeT OCHOB: ic TIPCANOMaraTh, WTO Ce HETIOCpeACTBEHHOE HasHaUeHHeE COCTOsIC B KAACCKPVKAUAH HO CepHalNN COcTaBa Mupa, NepBHIX cdopmax ocosHaHHs MpHHWKHOS OpranH3saunn mupa. Touck xe opraHH3sauHOHHOTO HaKa- a M¥pa 6bL1 CKopee BcenO NONbITKOH HaliTH TY TOUKY ONOpH (ierra Ferma) B AMCCOL|MHPOBAHHOM MHpe, CUle XPaHseM B ce6e HaCIeqHe xaoca, C TEM, uTo6bl Yepea 3HaHMe Mipa 4 eno COOMpaHHe-CHHTesMpoRaHMe NOsHaTb # camoro ce6st H CooTReTCrBCHHHM O6pas0M cobpath-KpHeTanAH30BaTb CBOE A, 4TO, Kaxkercs, CTAIO OCHOBHEIM ConcpxaNMeM CACAYIOUICTO TO BpeMeHH nepvoaa. KoHcuHbIM Ha3HAYEHMEM YKA3aHHbIX "WHTCHICKTYABHBX” OMC- pawHit HyxHO CuATaT BHIpaGoTKy 3aULMTH bX MeXAaHH3MOB YenOBeKa oT cayyannor, HCMPCABMACHHOMO, CTpalgHOro, 4YeM UpeRAaT MHP, NOXa OH He Mpcorosten 8 ce6e “xaorHueckoe" Ha¥ano H He OSesBpeuAA ero yrposnt Ora cuTyauna Hw onpexenact cy HK WHO "MpoTo-saragKH", KoTOpaa OT- cbLlaeT K MparMatuke, K HCKOeMy CMcWaHHOMy "cyGbeKTHO-OGbeKTHOMY” COCTOMHHIO PaCTROPCHHCCTA YCTOBEKA 8 MMpe, HEMONHO!t H HeNOCIEROBa- TEMbHOH BbICACHHOCTH ETO M3 HETO, H NepBOMy BapHaHTy npoSmeMB T10- tpeGuocret (needs) YenoweKa, cme He OTACAMMBIX BIOMHE OT AaHHOCTelt MHpa 1 TOXe KaK 6p pacTBopeHUHx B Hem, TlosTomy “nporo-saraqKa” momora.ia MCAOBCKY YCT@HOBHTb MpaBK.IbHOe OTHOWICHHE MODY coor MHpOM, HaliTH CBC€ MECTO B HEM, Mpeodorers AMCCOWUMAUMW COsHaHHS, o6pectH Hn BepHyTs ce6e "norepsHHyW ayy" (a yrposa norepy Ayn 6Euta AKTYaAbHOH Ha poTAKCHMH BCeH HCTOPHH YeOBCUECKOTO poga!*), TO ECTb co6patp ce6a B Wer0e. O70 HasHaucHHe H 9Ta "NepBO-pyHKNMA", Npeanoraraemple JIA "NpoTO- 3araakh", HOCAT CAHLIKOM O6uIMit XApakTep, YTOObI IKCKO3MBHO ONpene- AATb TOKO ec. HECOMHEHHO, YTO OpraHH3alMa HW MCNOADsOBaHKeE ec Aaa CaMOCOXpaHeHHsa HMEIOT CYLIECTBeHHO 6oz1ee WMpoKOe pacnpocrpaHeHHe # MpHcyuin BCeMy *KBOMY (nO McHbUeH Mepe B CaMOli KH3HH, TO ECTb yXO- ART B"TO-YCHOBCUECKY1O" UPCBHOCTb, XOTA KapakTep, criocoGp H CopMpi OpraHh3aHn HW HCMOAbZOBaHMA ce EB “NpOTO-sarauKe” GesycaoRHo “Yesr0- Beyeckue". TlooTomy Takoe OnpesereHHe CyTH "MpOTO-3araaKH", KOHCUHO, CTpagdacr SKCTCHCHBHOCTbW MW HECHeuMpHUAPOBaHHOCTbIO, XOTA MpH BCeM 3TOM OHO BAXHO TEM, YTO YKaSHBACT CC KOPHH, exausHe BHE KYJIbTY pb, B ccbepe NpHpoaHOrO HW XKH3HH KaK O_NOl 43 opm oTOTO NpHpogHoro HB Mpocrpancrse Goce WHpoKOM, YeM TO, YTO OrpaHHycHO YeTOBeKOM. To, UTO B APXaHUHbIX 3arankax OOHapy-kKMBAcTCH OTOT "AOKyAbTypHbiii" 4 “wIMpe- YeM-YeTOBCYCCKMIA"” CAO, M TO, YTO OTMCYATOK 3TOFO COCTOSHHT MOxKET 6uiTh PeKOHCTPyHpORAH H O19 pada THNOB COBPeMCHHBIX 3aragoK, TOATBEp- OKMACT BLICKASMIBACMBIE 30eCh coo6paxeHna MB CBOW ONCPeAb NOATBCp*K- Waetcs w “CHM3y" (Kpyr ACC.CAOBaHH Hay CHOCOGHOCTHIO KHBOTHBIX, BO BCAKOM CAYUae BEICILKX, K ONO3HABAHHIO, YKAZAHMW, HACHTHDUKALHH H Mepezaye onnita ciexyoulemy noKozcHHt0)!®, 4 "cRepxy" (a3HIKOBRIE 5 K coomsercrayromted npoGaemaruke cp. LOxr 1991, bpomm 1992, Kbepkerop 1993 16 Cp, B uacTHocTH, WaBeCTHBIE Ha6TIOMeHUA Dpuina Kaa MoBeneHHeM NEN. 29JaHHble), HB TOM, ¥TO OObequHAeT "HHS" H "Bepx” (cepa HT pOBOTO B CaMOM WIMpOKOM CMBIC€ C0Ba: H NpecTaBcHHe onepauHit yKasaHns 4 waenTudnxauun /“onosHaKus"/ B MApe X*XABOTHBIX Kak Hpbi 10 mpeumy- WECTBY, HM AabIKOBOe “pasuirpaipanne” /a He MpocTo “orpaxeHue”, “mepe- maya", "Koqupopanie" 4 T.1./ TOM CyTH, 4TO COCTABAAeT CMBIC 3araqKH). TIpo61ema npovcxoxacHHa 3araqkn, ce mpenpicTopKa, yHkuna 1 HCNOAb3OBaHHE HE MOFyT GET NOHATH! H TEM Goce peLcHb B OTPbiBe OT OnMpeneneHMa MecTa 3aTaAKH B OOUIeH AHHEM TIOCCOreHETHYCCKOH 9BO0- WMH, YXORsLeH CBOHMH KOPHAMH 3a Mpenerb "YeTOBeYeCKOTO", HO TOpO- UMBueK CBO AYYWMH TION — ecrecTBeHHB 13nk — yxe Ha JOCTATOUHO MIpoxBUHYTOM CraqHM YeTOBeUeCKOrO pasBuTHsA. K coxaneHH10, B MCTOPHH TMOCcCorcHesa MHOTO CYIIECTBCHHBIX HeACHOCTCH, MB CHy STOO HM pada APYTHx OGCTOATEDETS 31ECb MPHACTCA OTPAHMYATHCA IMLIb YKa3aHMEM He- KOTOPBIX OCHOBHBIX Y3JIOB CXMB. Tipeaxkge Bcero 3araqka, faxe B ApeBHeiuicii W3 AOCTYMHBIX HaM B PeKOHCTpyKUMH opm, NpencTaBseT Cobol AByYIeHHY!0 KOHCTpyKuKIo — WAM WCAHKOM COBECHY 10 HAM HaMOTOBHHY, MpH TOM, TO Apyras T0- AOBHHA npencTaBaser coo yKa3aHMe NMo_Texawero oTraAKe HAH yxe oTraqaHHOrO MpeyMeTa WIM, MOXeT 6biTb, TOUHee — aBeHHA. Ene onHa cymecrsenuaa Yepra saranka — sanpeT Ha COBMCICHHE B ORHOM JHILC “garaqunka” M “oTraquMka", TO, YYHTHBAA JBYWIeHHOCTb "3araqouHOii” KOHCTPyKUMM, O3Ha4YaeT HeMpeMeHHOe yuacTue B aKTe 3araqKH ABY X yuacrHHKOB M, 4TO Oco6eHHO BAxKHO, APyroro — 4M HE TOAbKO kak “orraqunka", HO HMCHHO Kak Opyzozo, HaNHUHe KOTOpOTO MpenonpezcascT opHexTalmo "3araqunka" Ha HeTO M OCoGy10 CTpyKTYPy ASbIKOBON chopMpt gToro "3araqouHoro” akta: qa “3araqunka" 9TOT "pyro — mol, kK HEMy Hanpasyena peub (“naprus”) “3araqunKa” (omeadai /omeanu/ sazadky, pazpeuu Gonpoc...), KOTOpHit TEM CaMBIM HE MOXCT 3aHSITb HHO HHIIM, HexeIH HKMy NEpBOAMUHOTO 4 (Cp. XapakTePHble XOTH, BBOAALIHE garaaky: 4 3azadaro /me6e/ 3azadxy... unK axe 4 — 3aeadxa... omeadat MeHS...). BTA CXCMa HYXKaCTCA B HECKObKUX MOSACHeEHMAX. EcTb cuTya- WMH, Te BTOpy!O MapTHio OOpasyeT KOAIeKTHBHOC moi, BbICTYNatoUlec, OMHAKO, KaK MOHONMTHOE CAMHCTBO, O6maMaIoMLee ONHHM OGIIMM TO0COM (Takas CHTYAal[Ma BOSHHKACT, B YACTHOCTH, B HEKOTOPHX putyanax). Ipy- roe cymecTBeHHenmee AOMOMHEHHE K CKa3aHHOMY BHC COCTOHT B TOM, uTo O6e YacTH ABYWIeHHOM “3araqO4HOH" CTpyKTYPbI COCTABAAIOT ERHHOE ye0e, BHe KOTOporo Kaxdad M3 ABYX COCTaBHHX YaCTe 3araqKH HIM SMMACTCA CBOEH CAMOMOCTATOUHOCTH, MOMHOTE!, CYBepeHHOCTH BOObUIC, WIM, COXPaHAA Ce, PEWIHTCNbHO MeHMET CBOM CTAaTyC, BH XOA9 43 "3a- raqOuHOro” MpocTpaHcTsa HM CTaHOBSACh HEKMHM "HeHTpasbHBIM" BbICKa3bI~ saHnem. CrenoBaTeCabHo, Ta CBa3b, KOTOpas cocaMHacT O6c YacTH 3araaqKH B UCbHO-CMHCTBO, B Mpewenax “3aragounoro” MpocTpaHCTBa He MOXeT 6biTh NpHsHaHa CayYaHHOM, BTOPHYHOH, cakyALTATKBHOK: OHA — MIaB- HBIM IJIEMCHT 3araQKH, O6pa3yrOuHit TO Moe, B KOTOPOM COeqMHSIOTCA B wenoe o6e yacru "3araq04HO” KONCTpyKUMH H O6peTaioT CBO cMBICT. B W3BECTHOM OTHOLICHHMM 9Ta CBAb ANpHOpHa, HM OHTOTOrHYCCKH Oa Mep- BHYHA B 3aragKe Hw ONpcaenseT 06010 Bce OcTaibHoe. MHbiMn l0BaMH, OHa — CaMO YCAOBHC CTAHOBICHHA H O*POpMAcHHA 3araqkM M3 TOTO, UTO Ges W Ge STO! CBa3H 6110 Obl HE B COCTOMHHM CIOXHTb HEUTO B 3araky. 30 Hakoneu, euje omHO BaxKHOE AONOMHEHHe, Kacawureeca TOTO, 4TO OGBIUHO yCKOMb3aeT OT BHHMAHHS MccAeqOBaTeseH WAM Kak H3BECTHOE 4 CaMooUe- BHHOE, HIM KaK HeYTO NOGOUHOE H MarocyusecTBeHHOe. Peub HzCT O TOM, 4TO CaM JBy4aCTHbI aKT 3a7aqMBaHMA-OTTalbIBAaHHA HUKOIa HE BOCTIpO- W3BEACHHe YerO-TO yxKe HMCBINETO MeCTO:; NOBTOPeHHE JTOFO aKTa BOOSUIC HEBOSMOXHO, OH BCENa CAMHCTBCHHI B CBOCM pore, HEMOBTOpH- Mbit, 30ecb HM celiuac CoBepMaloulMiica HM MepexKMBacMbIi BO BCei ero n0- JJAIMHHOCTH HW KM3HEHHOH AKTYaJIBHOCTH, OH — JCHCTBUTeIbHO WeHCTBO, e710, HM COBEpulaeMoe, H3MCHAET HEUTO CyMECTBEHHOE B 9moM MUpe. ITA uepTa, HECOMHEHHO, CBa3MBACT Saraqky M CaM aKT 3arafbiBaHMa c puTya- JOM, HO, Kak M B Cay¥ae PHTyasa, peub HyeT MMCHHO 0 BHYTPCHHeM Tc- PCXKHBAHHH STOMO aKTAa, CHHMAHOWICM TY KOHQ/IMKTHOCTb H KPH3HCHOCTS, KOTOPHIC BbI3BAIM HEOGXOUMMOCTh BbIIBHHYTb M PeCWIMTS 3araqKy, YTOObI yCTPaHHTb HaNpsxeHHOCT) CHTYaHH. Tnoccoreneruueckne HccreqoBaHHsa O6BtYHO XapakTepH3yior THN "1epBO- peun" Kak 9BOKaTH BHA, HaNpaBACHHDI BOBHC, He ONMCHIBaIOUM WM paccka3piBaiomMi, He “OObeKTHBHBI", HC HeHTpatbHO-HHIMKaTHB- HB, HO — MOXKHO AYMaTb — CHTHATH3MpyOUNit O caMoM ce6e. B w3zect- HOM CMBICIE PeUb HACT O HEKOEM NOCHE B MYCTOTY C’pacueTOM Ha NoTeH- WMarbHbI OTKNMK MCTOUNHKy peun. OrcyTCTBHe OTKAMKa O3Ha¥a0 Sur WesaByHpoBaHte caMol “9BOKaUMH", HUIeHHe ee CMBICa HK 3Ha¥eHHS. ITO HOTCHUMAIbHOE HAIMUME PCLLMNMCHTAa CHrHaa, HCXOAALIErO H3 HCTOUHHKA peuH, — NpPHHUMMHaIbHad YepTa HCXO_HOM CHTYal\MH, KOTOpas MOXeT ObiTb CyMICCTBEHHO KOHKpeTH3MpoBana MpH OOpanicHHH K ccMaHTHUCCKOl MoTHBHpoBKe O603HAYCHHA HCTOYHHKa Ped, HHAYe TOBOpS, K STAMOOTHK aMuHOrO MecrouMeHns I-ro. JHA B rloccoreHeTHYecKOnt mepcneKkTHee. Kax H3BeCTHO, CnoBa, Oo3sHaYatouHe A Tuna Ap.-MHA. ahdm, wp.-rpey. eyo, WaT. ego, cna, *(j)azd Hi T.1. BOCKOAAT K H.-eBp. *He-g’h-om, B KOTOPOM TIEPBHIM IICMeHT ABJIACTCA ACHKCHCOM, a BTOPOH yCHAMTebHOM YaCTHUeH, @ Wer0e FO1xKHO NOHMMATECA MpHOM3HTeAbHO KaK ‘BOT-3CWHECTE’. Crporo rosops, HUKakomi "nMuHOCTH” 4 Tem Goree NepBOMMUHOCTH B STO cbopMe He mpucyTcrsyer: ecb, noxanyii, MHUb HeKHit "Mecroobpasyroulit" (BO3MOxKHO, H WMpe — XpoHOTOMHHCCKHM: ‘BOT-3,eCb-TeNepellHecTD’) cy6crpat, KOTOpoMy To1bKO eme B GyYWeM npemcTOMT COcAMHHTECA C TEM, YTO BHIZOBET NpeoOpaxeHHe Ge31M4YHOrO HM MaCCHBHO-HHEPTHOTO B JMuHOe H axTHBHOe. B apyrom mecte (Tonopos 1992, 128—153 u ap.) China NpeaANpHHATA NONHTKAa NOKazaTh, YTO B OCHOBe NapawMrMaTHyecKOrO Ha6opa *He-g’h-om (Pron. pers. 1. Sg. Nom.) & *men- (id. Gen. mim He- uTo Bpoge casus obliquus), cp. ahdm—mana, (j)azo—mene H1.0., HeKoraa JexKayla CHBTATMaTHYCCKad NOCMEMOBATEbHOCTh, B KOTOPOM 21eMeHT *men- 0603HaYaN HEKY!O MCHTAIbHYIO EATETBHOCTH, BHA CHeuMHYeCKOrO "TOH- Koro" Bos6yXeHHS, ApoxKaHus, BHOPHPOBaHHA, MO3BOMAIOLICTO OTKPbITb- CA WM peaH30BaTbCa OCOOBIM TBOPYCCKHM cnoco6HOCTAM — Wapy c/oBa, TaMsTH 0 MpouLIOM, npeBHAcHHIO Syzymicro, NpopbiBy K HOyMeHabHO- My, K cyT™, Stor *men-oneMenT OTpaxcH B Ap.-MHA. Manas : manyate, Ap.-rpeu. wévos, wavia: pépove, Clas. *pa-mele: *monéti, aur. mintis : minti, minéti 4 7.1. (KcTaTH, B BEICLUCH CTeCHEHH MOKa3ATEABHO, YTO 9TOT KopeHb HaxOgMTca HM B CnoBe, OosHauatomleM 3aragKy, cp. TW. mikla : uzdot miklu ‘3arajaTb 3aranky’ “ ocoGeHHo at-minét/uz-minét miklu 31‘orranar 3aranky’ Mp TOM, UTO mikla BOCKOAHT K ea: ia in-dt 1 w.-eBp. *men-, Cp. AMT. mifiklé, mjslé, cm. M + ; 1992, I 594; LEW s.v. u ap.). Oco6o nyxKHO OTMeTHTb HAAMUME CAOB C ayemeurone *men- B CBaSH C O6O3HAYEHHAMH TOROPEHHS, MOSTHUECKOI PH- TyaAbHOH PEYH, ITO ONATH-TAKH BOSEPAWNACT Hac K garagke KaK ocobomy BHay HW XKAHpY nlogo6Hok peu. BecbMa npasgono,06Ho, TO HMEHHO COcaH- Henwe a1eMeHTOB *men- c *He-gh-om 4 “nndbHunpopano" NOHATHE "BOT- gmemuects” HACeH “MYHOTO” Kak MpHCyTCTBHA 3ACCb H Ceuac OTMEUCHHO- HanpaxKeHHOM MH "MOITHYCCKON” peuH, YTO, COGCTREHHO, H TIpeBPaTHIO *He-g h-om B NOWJIMHHO AMUHOe "aBTOpcKoe", K ABTOPYy OTChIIaIOWee MeC- Toumenue |-ro wHa, ye OTOPBABICeCA OT XKECTKOM CBASH C MECTOM H BpemMeHeM, HO COXpaHHBUICe NaMsTs O GbIIOM CBIaH C HIM B npeo6paso- BaHHOM BHC: 4 —- HMCHHO TOY, KTO fOBOPHT B JaHHbIit MOMCHT H, CJi€J0Ba~ TeJbHO, C JAHHOPO MCCTA. SH Kak POnOC Mecma CezO CTAHOBHTCA oGasHauc- HHCM TOTO, KOMY STOT rOmOC NPHHAAIEKHT, CyGbeKTAa TOBOPEHHS B MOMCHT 3TOrO ACHCTBHS, H TOMbKO 9TO. YxXe 8 STO H3HA¥aADHOM “MyCTOTe” AOKyca peuwH — nepsblit 3a10P BCECHAMA K YHHBCPCaIbHOCTH A3bIKa HW cOBa. Ho kak cBa3aH ¢ MOSTHUeECKHM, TBOPUECTBOM TOT *men-nepcoHax M3 dopmyan *He-g’h-om & *men-, KoTOpblit HEMOCpeACTBEHHO OTCHIIACT K nepBHUHOMy MeCTOHMcHHIO 4, K aBTopy-TBOpuy, B 9TOM (*He-) MecTC WB 9TOT (*He-) MoMcHT ce Taopaujemy? Uto6n npHGrn3sHTbCcw K OTBCTY Ha 3TOT BOTIPOC, HYXKHO MOCTABHTb Mepe coGoii eme OHH — 4¥TO MOTO 3HAUMTb FOBOPHTh, T.€, MOAbIOBATHCA COBOM (OUCBHAHO, OTMCUCH- HEM), MPAMCHHTEMbHO K OMOXe MOCCOreHeSa HK BO BCAKOM Cuyuae K paH- HMM CTaq#aM B pa3BHTHH peun H CKaqHBAHMM pe“eBEIXx KAHPOB? 3aech YyMECTHO CaMbIM KPaTKHM OOpagOM BLICKaZATb HECKCABKO NpeaNonO*KeHHA, Bo-nepsBux, peub, rosopeHHe, MpousHocHMoe C1080 6uLIM B TO BpeMsa OTMCYCHKHMH $("MA@pKHPOBaHHBIMH") Kak MO OTHODICHHIO K "He- peun", MO.4aHHW, Tak # TO OTHODICHHIO K APYTHM 3HaKOBHIM CACTCMaM Sonee ApeBHero, 4eM #3bIK, TPOMCXOATeHHS (Hap. K *KeCcTaM), HB ITOM cMHcne OHM MoraM 6bITh H Gonee SMOUHOHATbHH, adpeKTHRH, H Gonee MMIMPOBH3allHOHHEE (B TEOPCTHKO-MHOKECTBEHHOM NOHHMaHH#) , HeEXeH YCTOABINMECH, OTAMBINMCCA YE B CBOM CpOpMbI, HHCTHTYaIM3HPOBaHHbIe MHOSHAKOBAIC TCKCTHI. Bo-stTo PX, peub, COBO, POBOPeHHEe CKOpce BCC- TO JOKHH ObVIM BbICTYMaTh KaK HCKHii HMMPOBH3aUHOHHM pHTyat, MOTPeGHOCTE B KOTOPOM BOSHHKACT B KPaitHHX YCIOBAAX, B TOM KPH3HCHOM COCTOSHHH, 119 BbIXOTa M3 KOCTO HET 3apaHee MpenyCMOTPeHHBIX CTaHaapr- HBIX CPEACTB H NOATATHCA MIPHXOAMTCA Ha CIyYal, WaHC, yauy, BeposT- HOCTb KOTOpOH BEUHCHeHa GuTb He MoxeT. Kak Kaxnbiit patyaa — aKT, ACAHHC, TAK M TOBOPCHHe-peub — Ae 10 (xOUeTCA CKa3aTh — “HE C1080, a eNO", XOTA HMCHHO C/IOBO H CCTb B 3TOM Cy4ae Jer0 NO MpenmyuiecTBy). B-TPeTbHX, PHTYaA, B YACTHOCTH, H TaKOe POBOPeHHC-pcub, KacaloTCa BCCTO KOJLICKTUBA, HO B JaHHOM CJry¥ac BECb 9TOT KOJLICKTHB Kak Gb CANT B o6pa3 TOTO OH OO, KTO CoBEpuiaeT pHTYan, KTO 6epeT Ha cc6a OTBET- CTBEHHOCTb 3a Bcex MH Gepet Ha ce6s PUCK TOBOPHTb, TO ecTb cTaTb 4, H KfO, BHICTYMaa Kak Pell, COBEPUIMTeN pHTyana, Kak ¥ AG! KPC OLy- igaet ce6a OAHOBpeMcHHO 4 xKepTROH. B 9TOM OTHOWIEHHH aKT TOROpeHHs- PeuH ECTb 3HAaK POTOBHOCTH YMEPCTb, War K CMCPTH, K OMyCTOUICHHW B CaoBe CBOei KMUSHEHHOH CHIBI, BelecTBa KUSH. B-4ueTBEPTHX, TO- BOPeHHE, COBO B STHX ycnOBHAX GpLI0 YeM-TO NPOMexXyTOUHBIM H Cyry60 32 HEMPCACKa3yeMBM: OHO OTPHBaNOCh OT TOTO 3HAH MA, KOTOPOe GELIO 20 ayaa peun, 4 ene He O6naqano 3HAHMEM, KOTOpoe B CryYae yAaUH MOrsto SbITh ROCTHTHYTO peubK-cnoBoM. Copcem Kak y nootTa: Ja gom u cetivac, cxoeapio | fTpudacuu Geccmepinnyw cuny,—' Ja pazce 2 mo zooopin, | Ymé 3Hana, noKa ve packnvina | Pma, sara ewe Ha 4xepme i Ty6, mo — 3a Komopoli ocxonku... | 4 cosa, 60 ecei noantome | 3nampb bydy, Kax moabKo ymorKny'’. Ecaw BHCKazaHHbIe BHM NPEANOAOKEHHA BEPHH, TO OTKPHaaeTCs TH- pokas o6jacTb ananornit c 3aranKoi, Tem Gonec c pekouctpyHpyemoii “npoto-3aragkoit". OTMCUCHHEIC 3fecb 3aBHCHMOCTH 6pocaloT 2y4 CBeTa Ha OTHOWIcHHE mdnas, pévos (pavie), CBH3aHHBIX, B YACTHOCTH, HC MOOTH- ‘YCCKMM JapoM H C ChpCAceHHhIMH BALaMM (KAHPaMHY) NooTHYueCKON peu, vf OGOSHAYCHHM TaKHX MCHTAJIbHbIX DeHCTBHH, KAK TOBOPHTS, MBICTKTD, TOM HHTb, BCROMHHATS, OCMBICINBATh, HOHHMATH, DPECKAINBATb, NPOPHLATh, H 3M€Cb Ee pas HYAHO HaliOMHHTb 6 TOM, NTO MOHATHE "TOBOpeHHe 3a- raykaMu” o603HaUaeT HE TObKO TEMHYW peub, CMMI KOTOpOH TOAHOCTHO HeACEH, HO H OCOOmi “necheKTHBIi" THT MpOHsHeCceHHs "3araqouHOrO” TeKcTa, OTAMYHBI OT O6BUHOH HEltTpanDHO peun Hu He pa3 oTMeuaBInitcs B CBa3u c MaHepolt HCNOAHCHHA 3aragoK. Taxxe HeO6xXOAMMO HANOMHETE, YTO AAT. minti ‘3araquinaTe’, ‘oTranbiBatb’ “ ATU. minet, To xe (cp. rund? miklas ‘POBOpHTb 3araqKaMH’), BOCKOAAT K KOPHWO *men- H, HE HCKMOUCHO, MOTT Hekorma O603HAUaTh H CaM MPOHSHOCHTe DHE CTH1b "3aragouHOH" peun. TayGunnue cpoicrsa 3araakn, KanGonee apko mpoxpasiomne cebs Bee APXaWU4CCKHX THNaX W NOATREPKLACMME NpaBAONOAOGHBIMH PEKOHCTPyK- TMAMH, B psqe BaxkHeMWhX OTHOMeCHH TAK 6n"3KO NOAXOAAT K CHTVAULHH, gbuxcupyemoit B Ha6pocanHoit 3gecb rmoccorencTHYecKoh nepcneKTuBe, YTO NpCANONORCHHE O cayyaitHom COBNAIeCHHM MpCACTaBHeTCA CYLeCT- BeHHO Gonee HayMAHHHIM, YeM NpeqTonoxeHne 06 o6ulem uCTOKe copna- Aawwnx ocobeHHOCTeit 3bKAa TOCCOTeHETMYECKO!! CTAaQMM pasBATHA "npoto-garaaku" Toi 3nOXxH, KOMa OHa BNepBble TaeT O cebe aHaT. Ecau # — ronoc mecma cee, :moii “BoT-32en1HeCTH” HW ecAM OHO npen- craBaser ce6\ MMCHHO Kak "BOT-3eMHECTb", TO 3TO HMEET CMBICT TO.TDKO B TOM Cayyae, ecam 4 paccuMTHRaCT Ha Kakyt0-70 peaks Ha CHOlt 17K conaneniio, npoGiema Nipnpon! H xapaxtopa "nepBo-pean" octaeTca npaKrH ie CKH Maio paspaGoTaHHO#. Tem He McHee TO, 4TO 06 TOM Bee-TAKH H3wECTHO, B PARC Cy IWECTHEHMEIX OTHOLUCHMH HOUTBEPAAETCA jkANHLIMH O HEKOTOPLIX IKCTPEMATHNBIK, 42, CTO naTouOrMNecKHX (XOTH GbI PYHKUMOHAABNO NaTOROrHeCKMX) BHLAX ToBOpeHHA, OTMEYAEMbIX Y IPOPOKOR, WAMAHOR, XPOS, }OPOPMBHIX, MACTHKOB, IKCTATHKOB H HEDCL- Ko flaxke y caMNX NOJTOR, MpHHAOKAUITX K BONE "WITBHATIOBANHOMY" Kpyry. CBeaC~ HiT o “ronopensis" (B HacrHocrss, PHTYAAbHOM H pHTYARAIHpoDAIIOM) B apxaNyecKHx KYALTYPAX AONOAKAIOT APYTKE /laHHbLe H OTRETAIOT OONTAM Mpes{cTaRENHAM.OcHouH Me Renxocuziyeckne XapakTEpHCTHKH Takoro FoBOpeHHa — MpHcyrcTBHe OcoGOFO LoAHE- HHS, BOIOYAICHHA, "APORAHIIA" PEM, C€ NPEPHIBHCTOCTh, HeYAOPAAOVEHHOCTH, HAKOHEH, cama Manepa f1poH3HCceHMA, C OTMCHEHHBIMH CHOI FOOL, TEMGPOM, CKOPOCThIO Pern, MHorja C NogpaxkadHeM ZpyrHM Posocam HT. DopMbl TakoH pert KEPeEAKO /OBONEHO HenOcpesAeTHEHHO CRAIBIBAITCA C GOLEIHAMH, HAIbIBACMBIMIT IMupAHEKUE H sOH PULL, TpHcyWNMi HMCHHO WaMaHam WH B NepwoR OSPCTeHHa WMH WaMaticKoro Japa, HAH RO Bpema Kamaanna. Bo BpeMs TaKoil “WlaMaHcKoit” Gonesiit HOMHMO MIpowHx 6o.1csHCHHDIX ABNCHHH METOBEK HEMBITLIAeT HM CreLAPHYECKoe 4BCTBO “COMpaHuA”, OMyCTOLMEHHA OT KHIHEHHOFO BEMLECTRA, NOTOMY TO, FOEOpA AIbIKOM GONE H3BECTHDIX TPANHILA, OH AMUNICA Toro, He HasPInAIT Arenas, uévos. "MecbextTuaK", ONYCTOMICHtAA pe — CAC cree O6Mupanna-yMupaiis. 2— 2116 33Tb Co CTOpoHH Apyeozo, TOTO 4TO 1 Ha HeKyO OTB THO ce souae neki K roy “porocy” 4 "TOHKOM' pesepSepupyroment Mareputs aoe oGHoH Kak MHHHMMYM MCXAHMUCCKH OTPASHTb ROCIPHHSTOC H XOTH Obl cm y 9XO WIM 2KC KAK MaKCHMYM BCTYMHTb B CMbIC- SEEN a tee or IBYX COARSE. Takow qvasor WIM TaxKe npey- joorayiomaat emy “Mped-2HaOrH4ecK as” KOHCTPYKUAA YKE CCTb HEKAA a uyHUKanHs, Mpemosaramas HaTBUMe yUaCTHMKOR 3TOrO akTa (Kora Ke NO WICe BeCb Y HMenH, B Meri. BepHee: 1oLo6Ho TOMY, Kak HCKYCCTHO— dagballNe TOM CHAIbI, 1TO NPHMeEHeHa # NOSTHYECKOM NpoMBBEAEHH 1 ONPeHEAReT ero flactepiak), Tak M MMs — Ta BHYTPeHHA cha, KOTOPAN MpeWMasHadcHa OnpeRerAT LE 1aHHOE H MEAOREKE! BXONS A HETO, 3TA Cita OKAIIRACTCH €FO CBO ITC TBO, TO Ccth SHYTPEHHE WH MAYGHHHO YKOPCHCHHOA H HeoTbeMseMoll or Hero cyTbhK ero. Apan, ‘lerp, Crap — AWits upexogaiine smeHHA-BCIDIUKH, OTCLITAOUUHE K HET PeXOsUHEMY ‘aHyTpH-Gprrmo" (*7-men) "AMcHCrBa" — "HBaHCTBA", "NeTposcTBa", “CHAOpeTRA", H 1O- oromy "-c760", MOKCI Gbirh, TOWHEMIN, “LAYOHUHDIN” NepenoR cAOBA WHR: CYT HMCIIK fea —e ero" wnanicrne”, WTOABKO B eM. KAKCTCs, JIMUIb PH ‘TaKOM NOUMMAHHH CHH- MaloTeH UPOTHBOMOLTARACH MA MPOHMOALNOCTH — HELPOHIBOMLHOCTH HMEHH, CYTHC H s1B= 34 E KGSBanhC, BisyTOURHCC ¥ SHOUIHGL, KAKOBR Ob KH OAK ONT: HaXOXACHHS TOOMORVTOUHEX WODM M@XTy HAME K BSIVULNX & HM B32 MMHEIX MepexOnoE. & XORS aNTLONOTSNeSa H PRoccoTeHesa. 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MB nepryic oucnen!. uMoHH “OTBCTHOCTh” HANpaBAAAa CTAMOBICHHE BA Pa3BUTHE F3bIKa R PAOCCOreHeac. “OTBeTHOCTh” Xe ACAAeT HEKOE BHICKASbIBANHE-NoOCHIA saragKoit"® AICHHA, CONepKAHHA H COMBI, BHYTPEHKETO M BHeLIHETO. TouNO Tak KE HMA He TONLE. NPOrHOsHpyer ero HOCHTEAR, B MSBECTHOM CTeNeHH MpeponpeierRs ero cystLGy-y4acTS Cea ON OKMKETCH AOCTOIMDIM Ee, HE TOADKO HYAAT-TOAKAET ero Ha HeKAK nyt), BBIBOARUNHH Hapyxy H paancpTHtnaroLtHli BORHe To, WTO NpeneKagaHo HMeHEM fH ero fiver Ho M OVKDHIBAET NeDesl YeAOREKOM MOCTPAHCTRO CH OOO bI, BOIMOKHOCTH ocToiNor< NMCHH H MIpesHasHaveHHs YenoBeka BbISopa. PaayMectca, eTOBeK MOIKET OKAIaTEC? HAUKE HMCHHE H MOTOMY 3aHIDKEHHIO OUCHMTD Er. OH MoxeT yBHsETS & HEM ToaBKO Cor MAaAbHbIT MHCKC, CPMUIKy, BHEMLNMi NparmaTHccKH-ONnosHapaTeAblBH: PHBeCo: TOADKO OGHEKT-RELIL [L1H COBA-CYGbEKTA, TOABKO “MHCTYIO" (POpMY. Ho HM He VOADKC hopa WM BO BCAKOM cayHae ONO He HCYEpHMBACTER ClO: HMA-ndman 6 jIp.-HHE. namariipa-, ¢ OKO! CTOPOHDi, HPOTHBOTIOCTABTEHO GOpME-"BHAY”, 2 ¢ jIpyroui, oTeHs1Ae k CYTH, k “comepkaltitio", K cMBICAY. ECM HM — opMa, 10 TOABKO B-TOM OTHOLIGHM, ¥ KAKOM 9TO "CMBICAYIONiC-HMCIICTBYIONIAA" ChopMa, To ect "CoslepaAHic-~crsEIEN" He CaM lo CeGe, & HeKOR HeRecoMocTH HW OTRACEHHOCTH, a VKE BIATOF B MOMIYCE BOIIOUICHIn Ha 910m npoctpanerpe & ckiajbIBatoTeH Be HaNeCTRBIe MOSHI B cHope “OG HMeNK" HMA KaK CYTb, KaK JYU1a, KaK TO, YTO He HpOCI® "yiaRTHBaer", "METH! ¥ “KACCHCPHIN: pyc?” HO CaMOMOCTATONHO, CYBEPEHHG, ABCOMOTHO, CHOGCAHO, K MMA Kak HeSTO BHCUIES 1190 H3BOAHOE, BTOPHYHOE. MPOHIBOMbHO, Kak TO, oO YEM FOBOPST — "HTO B06, HTC HO IBY’ ' Yaurptnas enimaionyiocs pou spepneer#nerckoi! tpaamnun » pedckonn sa BbIKOM H EC HHTEpec K MMOGAEME HMEHH, HAKOHER, ECE KORTERCT TORMECTES F Pazar MIDi, MABAPHANTA K AapHAHToU. KOMMYTAINK, YMECTKO NpHLAeTy MUMMIES K-TaKOM THOPHAHOMY "BeLAIO-iepCONMPMUNPOBANHOMY” Obpary "oTBeTHOeN:”. Kak FUILOTHA. ITY MAIENLEHE MYMHCOGpPasIILIe UrYDK! Ha KAMMsi, NEpeBa, GhaAHe’ OTgeTAMKE caHaS TeAbCTAYIOT 0 CHOEM "OTRETHOM" (CAMO CAOHO Ywedinu BHAT 'OT HET HH K') # "Samer TeAbHOM” HaSHAMEH AM b MaNTHCAX Ha YUICOTH VEASMIBACTCH MIME: HTSITYL HOKOMINKA, 52 MCHACMOFe CAMHM YRICOTH. I CONEPKATCH IAKTMHAHNA O 3aMCHE YMEpILEFO Ha FpyLiht paborax & 3ampoGtiom neperKey hapakreputalit THMOBO! UpHMe — PopMyita He vULZ6TE rociiokk MyTpn (Oonotrax, CNG): "OG, yuredrn stor, ecu RowaICAaT roc nowy Myrpe K padore BCAKOE, YTO LeHAIOT RB HEKPOMOAC. ., ECM IPHSORYT C€ BIPANHBATS NOS e, 0710. Math BoICOKME GepeEra, MepeBoIHT> NECOK C BAtlajla Na BOCTOK, CCMA UIC K eke ALCHHO NOBAMHOCTH, —- «i, BOT As, — cKaKeITH TH". Borpoe 4araaKh, 4acto Ne: He HaBOARIRHIt Ha OTBET, HO. HANpOTHB, YROJMILUI OF ETO, COMBAKOIEMI C TOAKY, 110 CYTE Hela, 4 ecTh HEKHit "3aMcHHMTeAbNbIN" OGpas nojLAMHHOrO HCKOMOrO. BMecre ¢ Tem Orne” BaratkK BIOARC MOKET TpakTORATHEA KAK HOCCTAHOBICHME HCTHHHOFO 3aMCHAEMOTO "KOCHCHHOMY" B OTHOILIEHHH HCTHHHOCTH "saMerLatoLeMy" (Roloc). B ITOH pamKe car NOWCK NpaBMTEHOro OTBETAa HIPECTABIHET COGOH AKT AXONS "HPABHALHOI” OCHORE KOMMyR KLUM x &¢ paHHci # npuMaTHBHOH %Ke BORPOC ECAM HCUTO HasBaHO KH 06 9TOM neuro cCnpamiMBaeTcs, UT 6 OHO TAKO®, TO ITO YE CAMO LO ce6c sHaK, yka~ gpiBaroulmit Ha TO, YTO B TEBTONOFMUCCKOH JAMKHYTOCTH Ha CaMCrO econ He MOXeT OBITh Haile yAOBeTBOPHIeABHMIT OTBeET Ha NOCTABsCHHbIMt Bonpoc, Aix KOTOPOTO HeObxoNMMO xOTS 6H MHHMMAIbHOe TpHpanieHHe MHbopMauMn (Haripamep, — Hemuna-ecmuna W M02.). Bes gtore 9x0- nonpoc 06 HCTHHE pH CepHH MOBTOPsAIOWAXCs OTBETOB (Hemuna, ucmuna, ucmuna...) XeaaeT HeOOXOAMMOCTH OTBeTa ele Gomce HACTOATeAbHO!, a Bonpocy mpuaaet cyry6y BaxKHOCTh. Kak Y4ncro (pH3H4ECKOC #BACHHC 9xO-OTBCT CAM 110 ce6e He HMeCT CMBbICIa, XOTH OH MOXCT OKASATHCA neGecnoceacTBeHHIM jis JaAbHeKulero. Tak, B “aCTHOCTH, TaKUW 9X0- OTBeT NOsBOATET O6paTHTh BHHMAHHC HA NO3HULHIO, ® KOTOPCH créut HCKaTb MO [IpeMMYWUeCTBY MOAAMHHHH OTBET, TAK KaK 9X0 UKICHTHPyCT Tpexye BCeno MOC AC HAW NOSMMFHO, TAK KAK HMCHHO B Hci THIMHA, MQJIUAHHE NPOAB.IAIWT TO, YTO KM MpeAWecTByeT, HAH -—— B MeHbUICH CTe- NeHW — HaAUaABHYIO MOSMUMO, Kora THOMHA, MOAYaHHE NpCAMecT- BY(OT PCUH H TOABsJeHHE ec (MEPBOE KC COBO) BHIZHIBACT KOHLCHTPAUHIO BHUMAHKA HM CTO OCoby!O BOCPHRMYMBOCTb-YYTKOCTb. IXO-OTBCT NPHOS- peTaeT 3HAYHMMOCTD, CMbICA JIMiNb TOMA, Kora B HEM CaMOM €CTb HaMCK Ha MCKOMBI CMBICA HAH Ha NyTh ero noncKa. B ao6om cayyae OTBCT opranu3yet HeKyW "pudmy" K BOMpocy, HO BaXKHO, uTo6pi oTa pudpMa He 6bina aOcoaorua: abcomoTHOCTh BCerda MepTRAd NOUBA, H Ha Heli MONbI HCTHHBI He cospesaloT. ta "He-abcomoTHaa” (cymlecTBeHHa HMCHHO "He- aOCOMIOTHOCTb", B YACTHOCTH, H NOTOMY, TO 9XO BOBCE Hie aGCOMIOTHO BOC- MPOM3BOAHT TO, 9XOM YerO OHO ABIeTCH) PicpPMa MOXCT ObiTh "CeMalt- THYECKON": & BUNpoce — OGpas PeurcTa, BOTBCTe —CHTO. Urpa B 3aragke (4 COOTBCTCTBEHHO — B A3bIKE H KYJIbType) CHHOHHMaMH He TOJIb- KO He 3anpeujena, HO, KaC6opoT, NooUIpaeTca: MpH Hei NMoTe MHpa HapaujHBaeTCA, KH KaxKWOC MCCTO NOY 4ACT AOMOAHHTEABHY!O NOAACPAKY, a rapaHTHs Kesoro BogpactaeT, Sanpemacrca Muh o_O — Ha O6pa3s peulcra B BONpOce NOBTOPATb HM B OTBeTe: peuicTo. Ho HM “3ByKOBas” He- a6coa1oTHas pHcbMa MOXCT yKa3HBaTb MyTb K OTBETY: B BOMpoce CAORO eadko, MMMLAMUMpyoulee KaOKA, HO XMUIb C HECKOADKO Go.tHIMM BeposTH- eM (creneHb :poHeTHYCCKOTO NOAOGHA-HACHTHYHOCTH), UCM eps20Ka, Mam- Ka, 3annamxa, oenxdKa wi T.1. Ymo 6 us6e 2adko? = Kadxa [3799] — MIpaBHAbHOe “3AraAO4HOC” BHICKAIKIBAHHe MpH BCeH Cro GeccMbICACHHOCTH, Tora Kak Ymo 6 us6e eadko? — fadKo Np "CMBICNOBON" NpaBHALHOCTH 6buI0 Gat "3aradOuHO" HEMpaBKJIbHbIM CHOCOGOM BEIpPaxKeHHsA, HAPyLICHHeM OpHHuvna 3araikKH, B KoTOpoil, K2K HB A3bIKe, [O3BOCHKO OUCHb MHOFOE, HO BCe-TaKH He BCG, XapakTepHo, YTO TAKHX 3araqOkK, HMCIOUIMX, MEY TIpouwM, CBOE 1esIbtO MH MpoBepKy MCHbITyeMOTO Ha BHMMATC/IbHOCTb K 3BYKOBON CTOPOHe 3araqkM H Ha “paspelalouly tO" CMY ETO IBPHCTHYCCKO- s@ NOTCHLMaNa H COOTBCTCTBYIOUINX CnocoGHOCTelt (“CeNCKTARBHOCTh"), HE Tak yx maslo (cp.: Yo 6 u3s6e Dpon? =Cmoa [3549] wan Ymo ne 36 HanGoaes HOCTH, Kak y' aBsIeHME AKYC! kopoiemne? = Kau posioicna (3%27\ w moa.) 3araaKM He BNOAHE "GoCUMBCAOHAi MO CTeMy, WTO B HX CrPyK ype CTE AO CHX MOP, KAKETCH, HE GAMCUCHHAN APKaw ocoGennecr , CHIDHO Can panaromlasd WyTh K OTYAAKe: OHM A CROC BONPOCHOH UacTH MO CyTh aa OAHOCAOBH DE (Ym0? Ymo maxoe? 4mo smo? H NOR, CTPOTO rOROD. 4 RONPOCY HE OTHOCHTEH, HO AMUTH yKaaDlRAlOT HeKMil SHEMCITT "ROMpECHUrS mpocrpancrsa): cadxo? > Kadxa, @Ppoa->Cmoa, He Kopsiemucy? ~- Kepomeicao onog.?', A nogoGuaa crpyktypa oTcauiaey npaicruuscKi kK urpe “8 prdpMpl", napasuie7bHOU urpe "B CHHOHAMA", OTMCaaBIeHCS BH me, W AHCTHTYAAM3UpORAHHOM Kak OCOOBIH AHP (HHOrMA puryarusapo- BaHHB), GruskHii K KOaHy B 3eH-6yrAame. Ecau nocnesnss o6ysaet TOMCKY H @OPMHPORAHMIO CHHOHMMMUYCCKONO MPOCTPAHCTRA AAHKHONG COKE TO WepRAA yUHT pacnosHaBanMO Mi CHsITHIO CHTYAaUHH GaMaKux *K OMOME mun. OGe onepalHH, CooTBeTCTBCHKO — HYpH, CBASAHE APyr ¢ BpyTOM + Ha DOcTaTOUHON ray6mue apyr Apyra npenmoraraw1, noaodHo toMy Kak CHHTe3 WM AHAJIK3 B3AMMRO NpemMoaarawT Apyr Apyra, H KaKAbilt Co CRONE: CTOPOHA! KAaayT npesen ognK Apyromy. OWHOCAOBHOCTH XC TAKS 3arafOK HSI BO BCAKOM CAy4ae ABHaS, 6pocaromasca B MG3R HW He OCTUB- ASKOWAT MCCTA AVIA COMHCHHM BbYICTeHHOCTh OAHOTO croBa Apeae.ty oGxerualoT HAXOKACHHE KOU K PCMEHHIO 3aragKM MPH TOM, ¥TO 2T07 KIO“ MOXET OTKPHITh H PHA APyrHXx WKeperi. Bo Bcakom cayuae 3araakH 3Toro THNA OTCBLAaIOT K TpOGeMe cHHTesa M aHastn3a, BOZHMKAIOUIeH B KOMe pewieHHa “Saraqo4uHon” cuTryanan, 4} TOMY, KaK garagka "o6yyact" cBoero 20603HaTENDHOTO HM BHKMATEABHOFO “NOAb3OBATCAA” HCKYCCTBY OTTaABAaHHA CcaMoii ceOs: "B MOcM HaYane — Moif KoHeL” — Moraa Obi cKa3aTh 3aramka, -~ BNpoueM, ¢ TEM Re OCHO- BaHHAMH, 4TO H O6paTHCe "B MOEM KOHIe — Moc Hayand", 4TO, OLMAKO, Me€HCe HHTEPCCHO: HAYaIO HW TAK AaHO "NOAbZOBATeAW" B“OTKPRITOM™” BHA (CIM He MpHAMpaTbCA K YaACTAbIM ABYCMbICIeHHOCTaM); K mpoGaeme faqhBaHHs 3araqKH HM pow "HABOWAUIMX" Ha OTBET CCOGeRHOCTeH camo 3araaKH cM. Jesu 1973, 183—190. Ha ponb "9x0-0Gpasnoro” pHa B PaHHHE SMOXH PasBATHA A3bIKA, OCOGHHO B PAOCCOMCHETHYECKY WO SHOX B YCTHOH TpagqHiMH (OcOGEHHO NPM OTCYTCTBHM abTepKATHBMOTO THCL- ME€HHOTO BapwaHTa), B ACTCKOM peuH, B S3DIKOBOM MaToOsIOrHH, B"SKCTaTA ueCKHX" BapHaHTaX peuH M T.n,, BHHMadHe OSpamanocr He pas. B aarnom CyYYaC, BOSMOXHO, BaXHCC MOGYCPKHYTb POb YTOTO TIPRAUMMa repr GAT b, TAKE + 2° Cayyaw TaKOro pofla — AMUIb OfHH 13 APHMEPOB pH KOMME HE Attn H ce MAHTHKH oxerinKoit, Koraa "ponermMecKoe SorarcTBo KOMMENCKPYeT CeMANTHYECKYIO ApowsBobHocts (Han nycTOTy)". HecncoBaTem, JaHMMAN Hite # OTHM THOM 3ara,(0K H BRECLIM GoAbILO’ BK; B MCCHEAOBAHNe CeEMAKTHYCCKO! CTPyKTYpb! PYCCKoit wrait- KH, HMea B RNY MMeHHO TakHe Cay4als, MHUUCT: "OTLET «10 CMBICAY» 31{CCb, KAK N1pABAMO HEBOSMOXKCH: Takan 3araf\Ka CTPOHTCA TONDKO Ha (POHETHKE M CBO/UITEH K ynparknei to Ha nog6op caoBa, pacpmyronycrecs ¢ JaHHbIM. ITH 3araaKH Obutaqaior poueTHCC KAM point’oM, HO He BHYTPeHHHM, ComePKAUHMCA B CAMOM TEKCTE, a BHELIHHM, OCHOBABHLIM Ha donerieckoM ornoulentit MeXiy TeKCTOM H OTAitkoil. C Apyroii cTopoHEY, sstecb MOXKHO TOBOPHTb HO BHELIHEM CeMaHTHYECKOM point'e, HOO 3TH 3aranKH Mocrpoents hopMalbHo CxO/HO ¢ TAKHMH KaK: «m0 y Hac bezsecmHc? (cy[bSa), «mo He AEH Dename? Gapimare), «mo @ u36e cGopryux? (nkacp), M NosTOMY pit COOSULEHHM OTTAAKM MorKeT BO3HHKHYTS YYBCTBO OOMAHYTOrO OXH/AHHA: EMECTO O*H;ACMOit OTTANKH «10 CMBICATYs Waerca «thoneTH4ecKas»" (epi 1973, 183). 2! Tlosamienne @ U36e MpaxTHYeCKH Malo ITO MCHAET B CYIILMOCTH lea, XUTA, KOHICH. HO, NM RAOKa H KOPOMbICAO MOLYT GhITh AOKATAIOBALIDI M6 UIE. 37peuieHAk PEKCTOCTDONTEA DH” Sain 8 SE a eae T oon - HBIe POAKTOpHHe KaNDh WK CTH UpEeACTaBAICHHBe an imepens xoObpasat CTHXHS SANOARACT GoaLvK) YaCTE TCKCT@, & WHOTTE °C CTPYKTYPa NOSBOMACT PCKONCTPYHPORATL HeKOTODHe KNOUCRRIE COMA "gxo-TpaHc(popMMPoBaHBHOr” TeKcra, Kak, HANpHMep, B 3araykax THN / none-mo 20-20-20, 16 NECAX-MO eu-eU-2is, —— 1 OPOX u EDU 1244; Mf T.H.), a TAKKE HEPCAKHE OibITSE HOMOMLAORAKHS STONG THA B TeKCTa% XYHOKECTBEHAOM JUTCPATYPbi, MPEXRE BOLO CTAXOTBODERY”?, Tipumene- ave 9x00OpasHOFO MpHAMNA, pasyMeCTCA, NOIKOAKET PEMIATh H PAL Gore® OGWMX 3a7a4, CBAZAHHDIX C COOTHOMMeHHEM "yCTOMUMBOTO" 1 "H3MCHSIO- myerocs”, C UNCTO HHOpMAaLMOHHHIMH TIpobeMaMH K, KOHCUHC, HE B MU- cleaHtoWo ovepenb, © MHEMOHHYECKHMH 3amayaMh, CTOMb Cynyect- BCHHBIMH Id YCTHOM CHOBCCHOCTH. Hemb3as yilyCKaTb W3 BUZY 4 ACHORD~ 30BaHHC 9x00OpasHhlx UOBTOPOR B TAKTHYCCKHX Leak, HANPHMED, © UCIbIO BRIMTpbilila BPEMCHH, OTTATHBAHHA B BbIGope PCUICHHS, NpaBHAy- HbIW WIW JTYULIMA BAPHaHT KOTOPOTO OCTaCTCH HEMSBCCTHBIM, PACUIMPCHE 2 BOSMOXHOCTCH UOAYUCHHA JONOABHTenDHOA HHPOpMauAK Mi 7.7.7 O 3HaY¥CHHH SXO-NpHHWNMa MOXHO OBLIO Obl POBOPUT Ht Waree, HO 37eCh 97a TeMa MOxXeT S6bITD 3aKPbITA, CCIM MOAYCPKHYTb eMle Ba CYULCCTBEHHEIX ero npH3vaka — NOKRTOPCHHE, peanusylomicecs B ABYX PA3HBY 4“YacTAX CHHHOMO WENO, BLICTPaHBaecMOrO COUETAHHEM STHX ABYX yCRO- Bui. “OKSOWEHTPHUCCKOe” MOBTOPeHHe MPH TOM, 4TO NoOBTOPsIOWAICT YaCTh CYMECTBEHHO KOpoue MpeqluectByloneno elt NOBTOpAeMOTO 4 CoaeN- 2KNT B CeOe TOABKO OHO (B IpHHUMNe'), HO 3aTO K M1O4EBOE COBO, Kak pa3 w cosqaeT ocHORY TOM CTpyKTYPH, Ge3 KOTOPOH HEMNCTHMa 3arayKa, © OMHOM CTOPOHHI, a C Apyrok, BAICTPaHRaer (PyHaMeHT "WHaOrH3M: o603HauMBIeTO HaYaIO HOBO SOXH B PaSBHTHM YCTOBeKAa HK KYAbTYDH‘ BuiGop HMcHHO TakOi peyeBOH KOHCTPyKUHH OTKPbLI MyTb K BECbMa H3- I1P#%KCHHO-NMPOTHBOPCuHBOH, CIOXHOK, HO MCKIOUMTCABHO MmepciieKTHB- HOM ONcpalHH, MpeHasHaYCHHON Aviad NO3HaHHA HEM3EECTHOTO HK HaXO: AeHHS CooTBercTByIOLIcro pemeHHa. CoGcTBeHHO roBopa, OHA KaK Da3 14 6blL1a HCTOUHHKOM TOH BONPOCO-OTBETHOH CKXCMH, KOTODAs C H3BECTHOTO BNeCMEHH CTraya ONpeACAmONICH Ws saranxH (CM. HHe”). 22 Ynorga ucnosbsoRanie NpMUULMTIA 9Xa B ANTEpatypHbix TeKcraX MpesIHonataer we KoTopbilt CAMHT B TONHOCTH BOCKPONIBEAEHMA ero H/ HTK HeKOTOpyIo ONO MHMTEADH CeMaHTH3aLLiNo 3xa ¢ HesbIO MOAYYeHIA KOMIMECKOrO S¢xbeKTa, Kak, HANPHMeD, # CAY'IAC SaCTHMHOit rAyxOTbI OAHOTO M3 YHACTHHKOB CHTYAUMH (cP. HIBECTHOE Axb me 2tyx2? — Kynuaa nemyxa ... # 7.41) Hat HeKoel MUMOTHMHOCTH, Boxee CAOKHBIT CIYYAH, KOT. "apropcKoe" CAOBO 2xOO6PAa3HO OTOGPAKACTes B"He-ABTOPCKO!" Ne, KAK Y ANeKCe Toneroro: Bonsun xunscan youtiya Hexecmuasitt | B zpyde Leaapio. | Tom, uitany cra6, cxasan emy yumuoo: |"Bnaz0dapro". | Tym @ reso Gox emy Kunmca yxcacne | “ino dei eoznan. | AAenapwo cxasar "Kaxo npexpacrouti” | ¥ eac Ku no a!" HT, JOO y= HO CCTECTREILHO TAFOTeHIME K 9xCOBPAIHOMY MOCTPOCHHMW & AOTAYAYECKHK CTHXAK, KOO: cyulecTBeHHo once KopoTKHit THX Ha Gore Goree MIMHHOTO. AaKe ApH OTCYTCTHE MOXY HUMH PHPMOBKH, Kak Bbt OTKPbIBACT HEKYIO LONOTMHNTENDIYIO BOIMOXKHOC s 117> BACHE, ane 23 Tyrusinan CHIYauMA H3 COuCEM HHOH cep. VuvtTerh crpanutsaer yuerrs CKOADKO OYAET. ECAH CHOKHTY HATE MIP. YseH HK: CORTE? —- vite stp: fig, oA. 2KuTo! — Y ve awe: Heep n TOK? — Yaw Tes b (repay reprenHe): Jaa, a, cAoAHTD 1 it TpH! — Vien nx: SHaan7, clokHTH MATH TPH? ~- VY 4 HT e sb (MOaYaHHe nepes CDui- bom).— Yuen nx (lonmaa, 410 fazeneinnaa oTtakKa Ypenata HeapuaATHOCTRIO) C19- KUTL NATE M TpK Gyzer ... ~ [pakrHyecKK Takast CHTYANHA ARTHETCK THMORO! BO BCX Tex cAYHAaAX, KONA CyIECTayeT jesHAMT HHOpMaLLM H OTCYTCTBYeT 3HaMite TuIaHa pe- mleHHa BOMpoCs. 38 Tlogtomy 3yecb B paccy>KNeHHH O peyeBbIX OCHOBAX “MpoTO-3araqouHONt CTPyYKTYyPbI MOXHO OCTAHOBMTECA, OTMETHB, NOXaTYH, MIb TO, UTO NpAMe- HeHNC 9x006pasHOTO MpHHUNa BHE MepBOHAYAIbHBIX Mpeyetos ero ynotpeb- JI€HHA NOCTYKK.IO MOLHBIM HMMyJIbCOM K Da3BHTHIO pa3HbIx THOR T0- BTOPOB, K HX AMREPCHHKAaULMM M BAapHalHM R MepBor ("2nMHHOK") vacTH PeKOHCTpyHpyeMoi Bee CxeMEL. JTOT Mpowecc Ha ONpeAeACHHOM JTanCc 6bln OCO3HAH KAK MOpOxACHHE PasHbIX THNOB A3bIKOBOH penpescHTalMit, OTBCUAWIIHX OJHOMY HW TOMY K€ COJEPKaHHW, CMbICTY (cuTyannst, npea- Tomaratomaa (bopMUpoBaHHe NOITBUECKOIT PyHKHHH), YTO BAYBATAIO B CBO}O ouepexs mpo6emy or6opa chopm MpevcTaBicHHsa CeMaHTHYecKOrO HIBapH- aHTa M paq KPHNTOrpaMMaTH4ECKMX BOMPOCOB, KOTOpbIe He MOT He HM- ILIMUMpoBATD (xoTs Obt Ha OMBITHO-IMMMPHYECKOM YPOBHE) pagBuTHe nep- BbIX BAPHAHTOB IBPHCTHYeCKOH TeopHH DeuIMcPpoBKH, MPHMeHHTEbHO K garaake — NpMHuMnos pasraqeBannua ee. [pyroe 3acryxKuBalouee BHAMA- HH ABJICHHE COCTOXT B H4aJIHYKH ABYX OUCH) PasIMYHEIX THOR NOBTOPOB. Tlepsait, "SKcrcHCHBHBIK", B3aTHH B OTBICUCHHH OT SMMMpHUECKOK MaHHOCTH, ONPeAeIHA MyTb PacMIMpeHHA A3HKOBOTO BHICKASHBAHHA 3a C4eT MOBTOPa CMHTAKCHYECKOH CTPYKTYPH, MpewcTaBAcHHO B MCKOAHOM ("KOpoOTKOM") BBICKAa3HBaHHH, cnoco6oM NpHCoemHHeHHA NO copmyne Sa (cunTaKcuueckas CrpyKTypa onpenemenHoro Buna) > Sa & Sa. Takaa "na- paTaKTHuecKas” CTpyKTypa BO3HHKaeT, KaK Novara. ene C. Kapuescxnit, W3 "IpMcocaMHMTeAHHOMO AManora” (A: H nody eyaame & B: H 2 moxe wun A 2 6ydy paGomam ¥ 7.11.), Tpeqnoararaetcs, uTo 43 BTOpo pennnKH TaKOTO AMaora BOSHHKa NOCAOBHLA, TOMA KaK 3araqka yXOUMT CBOUMH KOPHAMH B "rMnOTaKTHYeCKy!O" CTpyKTypy AHaiora BOMpoco-OTBeTHOTO tuna (A: Houemy mot max dymaew? & B: Tomomy, umo 2 9mo 3HaI0 nT.) . BesspemenHo yueqmuit 13 xu3HH Akos Vocucosny Tun, *xHA0 HHTepecoBaBLiniica Npo6remoi cbopMuposanus (yHaMeHTaAbHBIX rpam- MaTHUYCCKHX KaTeropHii M THNOB BNCKA3HBaHHA H XKAHPOBbIX KOHCTPyK~ UM, MPOHMUATeIbHO, XOTA M KpATKO, B OOIMMX YepTax, BOCCO3AaI CHTy- alMio cpopMMpoBaHHs 9THX stBcHM. B nucbMe k IA. JlesuHtouy oT 20 stHpapa 1987 r. on coo6ulaeT O MaHax CBOMX 3aHSATHH HM RbICKASbIBACT HC- Koropnle BCCbMa CeppesHEie coobpaxkenus: "A xe celiuac peu. paccMoT- PeTb MepeKOUeHHE JIMA B AMpHKe MH BOObuIe COOTHOWICHHe My Ha Ma- tTepuane XIX—XX sp, [...] Xouy B Ja1bHeMmeM CpaBHHTS C POAbKAOpHOK aupukoit [...], a TakxKe — c byHKuMeH WM B 3arOROpaX, 3aragqKaXx Hi 110- CAOBHUAaX. BaxkHO, UTO B 3arayKaX ecTS 3anpeT Ha 2-e MHUO (3arambIBae- Mobili mpegmet — |-e nM 3-e 1HUO); B MOCIOBMLLAX MCKIIOUNTEAbHO peyxKO 1-e anuo. [...] T. Hepmsaxos nenpaB, cuntas, To meppbic — HeaKasor, a BTopbie — quanor. A BcnomHna C. Kapuesckoro, KOTOpbIii BbIBO,HT Napa- TAKCHC 43 “NPHCOCAHHHTebHOTO” AMaJiora, a rHMOTaKCHC — M3 BONpoCo- orserHoro qManora. Tak BOT, 3araqka €CTb BTOpoH THN AKasora, a NOCIO- BHA, BAAMMO, H3HAYATbHO Mpenctasrser coboii 2-10 penauKy |-ro THNa amanora" (Benoycos u ap. 1992, 83—84). Bro pod, "HHTCHCHBHBIi” THN MoBTOpOB, ONPcycs1ca BHYTPCHHHM Ha- MpaBIeHHeM BHXCHHG: "NOBTOPHTEAbHAA” CTPyKTY pa HHTEPHOPH3HpoBATACh Bray6b BbICKa3bBaHHA HW Pea/IH30BaaCb HE B CHHTAKCHYCCKHX CTPYKTYpax (He TOAbKO 8 HHX!), WerKO 3aMCUAeMEIX H GbICTPO BOCIIPHHHMAEMEIX, HO B ccepe CeMaHTHKH, HW He TONBKO Yaule BCero He SbLIa NerKO pasMYAMOlL, 39HO, HaNpOTHB, HapouNTO ByaJIMpOBalach C WebIO MPEeACTaBHTb “TIOBTOps10- mecca” Toxo6HOe KaK pas/IMUHOe, MHAKOe 179 COXpaHeHHa HEOOXOAMMOTO pa3phipa M HanpsxKeHHa Mexay O6eHMH UacTAMH 3araqKH (CM. Brie) 24. WV, wakoneu, 8 a7Toit CBaI3M HYXKHO yOMSHYTS O BHpaGoTKe onpeneneH- HEX "KAHPOBHIX" CTPyKTYP, CYI[CCTBCHHBIX C TOUKM 3peHHA TeHe3SHCa 3a- Franky 4 KMCIOnIMX B cBOCH OCHOBe HeEKHe CNCWMa/IM3MPOBaHHbie Onepalnn, 4 O COOTHECEHMH MX C COOTBETCTBYIOUJMMH S3bIKOBLIMH KOHCTpyKUMaMH, cp. BEIM 06 OnepanMH HACHTHSMKAaLHH-OTOXKUECTBICHHA B OCOGOM THTIE “Tipea-3araqKu" M HWKe O BOMPOCO-OTBETHHIX OnepallHax, Bre B cBa3M ¢ 3araqKOl M ee OCOBEHHOCTSMH He pa3 ye TOBOPHIOCh 06 urpe, B uacrHoctn, 06 urpe cMncaMM (CHHOHMMMS) HM 3BYKaMH (CM. Takxe yanee), 06 o6mei "Hrposoit” armociepe H CHTYanAM "3araqHBaHHs 8 "3araqOuHHXx" NpeHMAXx B ApXaMueCKMX TpaqMUMAX w CAMO’ 3aranku, rae “yrponoe" onpesenser camoe ee crpyktypy. Ho B caasH ¢ BOMpocoM mpo- HCXOKACHKSA 34raNKH H/ HIM ONpexeIeHHA THNAa KyAbTypH, “KyIbTYPHOH" cHTyaljMM, B KOTOpod 3aranKa BOSHMKAa€T Kak €CTECTBCHHH OTBCT Ha HEKKE YCIOBMS, BHIABHTaeMnle TOM CATyauMeH, BOBIEMeHHE "MrpoBoTO” B ccbepy “reneTHuecKHx" HHTepecoB HMeecT OCOOEIiT RONOMHHTCIDHHI CMEICH. On onpeensertcs, 0 ueM BKpaTue ye Onim0 CKa3zaHO paHee, HANMUMeM B garayKax (ocoGeHHO apxawueckoro Tua) "JOKy1bTypHoro” w "mMpe-4em- uenopeueckoro” cnos. MHaye rosops, npHHaqexa KYJIbType H UeMOBeK’ saragka o6Hapyxupaet B cebe HeKHi “npwpoqHHii", 43 “"NpHpoqHor’ BEIBOAMMHIN 1 OObACHAEMHI OCTATOK, NPHCyUIMH HE TOAbKO YeMOBeKy, HO W UACTH XMBOTHOTO Mupa. BTOT OCTaTOK, BeposTHO, MOXHO ONMCaTh M00 PasHBIMH yriaMM 3peHHa, HO CBA3b ero C "HTpOBHIM” HayasOM, CO cruxHeli HIpbl, C C€ YCIOBHAMH H LeyIaMH HECOMHCHHA. Tlosromy Tanee Heo6xoqHMO BKpaTHe CKa3aTb O NpHpoye caMoro @enomena Hrphi, 06 "KrpOBOM” Hayae B garaqKe KaK OMpeq{eaiomleM B Hel HeYTO BecbMa CyujecTBeHHoe. ITpex- BapHTEbHO, OAHAKO, HyXHO MOAMEPKHYTb, UTO BOBCE HE BCE KYJIbTYPHBIE peHoMeH, oOHapyxuBaloume B ceGe "Hrposoe” Ha4¥an0, camu m0 cebe YXOAAT CBOMMH KOpHaMH B "NpHpogHoe” HM "“MMpe-YeM-4enOBEyecKoe” 24 Heo€xonumo eule pas NopiepkHyts MHTeHCMBHOCT 3aragkn H meKauyed B ee OCHOBE KOHCTPYKUHH, Sta MUTCHCHBHOCTS 3axBaTbIBACT B CBOIO Chepy HM "3aragqounyio” oMMMpMo H "3aragouHyio" MeTadusiky. Saranka "pa3bIfpbIBaeT” BCersa HEKy10 KHIHEHHO BAXKHY1O CHTYALHIO, YBHACHHYIO TO HEOOBIMHbIM YFAOM 3peHHa H cihopMyIMPoOBAHHyIO HeOxKHaHHO-OCTPO, HANPAKEHHO, YacTO HeMpe”AcKasyemo. OTHoMeNKe 3arankH K "Heli TPaTbHOMy"” BLICKASbIBAHMIO C TEM 2Ke CMBICOM HallOMMHaeT OTHOUIeHHE MeTabopbI, MeTaopHayroulero Kk MeTadopHayemomy. 1 He cay4aiiHo, ¥To 3arafKa HaCKBO3b MeTa- *PopHuna HM, Kak cKa3aHO NO3TOM MO KHOMy MOBOAY M HECKOABKO Maye, "OMHa BENHKO- aleniHaa MeTacpopa" H Ke B CHL STOFO NpHHayexHT NO33HH H Hecer B CeGe cHuy N03- THYECKOTO CsIOBA, KOTOPOE BCerAa M NOITHYECKHt O6pas. Ira MeTatopH4HOCT 3araqKH ¥ 2to BHYTpeHHee cpopcTBo saragkH c Metaopoili — caegcTBHe KOHtANKTa MexAy AeHAHTOM BPeMeHH H OrpoMHOCTHIO apa, KOTOPLIe MpeACTOHT pelllNTh. Zazadxa Ges paseadKu. — Caepmn (1630), a saranka — Bcefia B OKHAAHMH pasrankl, B YCTPeMIeHHH K Geccmepruio. Ona Geper Ha ce6s Tpya Obit NOCPERHHKOM MeXKIy ‘MCMOBEKOM H CHTYa- UHeH, Pe TaK MHOMO HEACHOMO, rye JaneKo HE BC€ NOHATHO MB 3TOM HEONpeserehHOCTH ‘TaMTCA OMacHOCTh M yrpo3a. Sarayka pacc¥MTaHa Ha ayekBaTHOCTh YAOBeKA CHTYALHK W Ha Toro, KTO cnocobeH CTaTb BpOBEHD c CHTYaUMeH. OGpaieHiiad OHO! CBOeit CTOpo- Holt K CHTyallMM, CxBayeHHOM Kak WeNOe B ero KpaTyaHiNMM HM MapanoKkcatbHemuMM 06pasom HaTOxKeHHO!T CyTH, olla APyroit cBOeH CTOpOHOH OGpalijeHa K 4eOBeky, KOTOPbIit ROWKEH NOHATH, YTO, CKO 6bI HH ObLIA COKHA CHa, 3aragka, OHA AOWUKHA ObITb MPHHATA MeAOBEKOM KAK NYTCBOAHTETBHMUA CPesM BCex oNacHocTel nyTH. EcTb ocHopaHns Tosavath, To HeKOra 3aranka M BOCMPUHHManach Kak HEYTO HEOOLIKHOBEHHO APKOe HaNpw@KeHHOE, H pasranka ee Gbula NO/LIMNHBIM OTKPOBeHHEM. 40 (HpHMepbl CAMUIKOM OOHAbHH H Ha NOBepXHOCTH, YTOOH HX 3qeCh MIpHBO AMT): B ONpeweneHHBIX CHTYaUMAx "urpoBoe” CaMOZapoxKAAeTCH, COZHAcT- ca "noze” ATpbi CO CBOMCTBEHHOM emMy HHEpiHel, B KOTOPOM "urpozoe” pe- DpoxyuMpyetca serko M CBOGOQHO, Kak 6b camo no cee. “JlerkocTs" § "cl ya" — MHrepeHTHHe CBOMCTBa Urph, YTO KaK pa3 uM O6bsacHAE) €CTECTBEHHOCTS HW MPOCTOTY BXOKJeHMSA B HIPyY YUACTHUKOB ITOH UTpHI HK TOAOXKHTCJIbHO-NpHeMMOMICe OTHOMICHHE HX K Hrpe. Pasymeetca, saraaK. coyepxuT B ce6e M caMa NopoxaaeT wu TO "HrpoBoe”, KOTOPOe ABASETC! aktom TH NOTOTHYECCKOTLO CponcTBa, HO 30€Cb 06 "HTpoBOM” B 3aray- Ke CTOT TOBOpHTb AMUIb B TOM OffbeMe HB TOM pakypce, KOTOPHE HMCIOt HEMOCPeACTBEHHOE OTHOMICHHe HMCHHO K TEHETHUECKOMY, K TOMY, 4TO MpeycraBser coGoi HacmeqHe ApeBHei MrpH, NepezaHHoe H3 rNyOHHE BPeMCH B CHACUIHOM WeENM MpeeMCTBCHHOCTH, YTO OTCHLIACT HMEHHO + “Hayany", K "nepBomy pa3y" (mpeueqeHTy), K MPOHCXOXKREHHH. TloMHs 0 7aBHAX MCCreqOBaHHaX (peHOMeHa MIPH HM OTAaBas MM OK HOC, HYXHO BCC-TaKH NMOAYCPKHYTb, UTO COBPEMCHHBIE NPeACTaB.IeHHA 0: MIpe CHOXHAMCh MpexTe BCETO B Pe3yAbTAaTe TOTO NpopuBa, KOTOpHit Gri. copepmien B eBponedickoii HayKe, HauMHas c py6exa 20—30-nIx roaoB x! BEKa, Mpc BCCTO YCHAMAMM TONMAHACKMX M PyCCKHX HCCIEAOBATENC kybTypomorMueckoro Mm cbuzosorMuecKoro Kpyra. TloMHMO BCeMMpHO 113 BecTHore Tpyaa Xelisuura (Huizinga 1938, Xetisunra 1992), noaToxuE mero Kpyr HccreqoBanuii, Ha4aBmMxca c 1903 roa’, cymecrReHHO yun THBATb PAX APYPMX BAXHHX KCCHERORAHM, CpewH KOTOPHIX CTOHT BULIS autb Zondervan 1928, Buytendijk 1932, 1934, Baxrun 1929, 1965, 197° wap. (6orpmas uactb sTux paGor 6niia HanMcalia 3Ha4YHTEAbHO paKbuUlc) Dpeiizen6epr 1936, 1978 u ap., a 3 vccrenoBaHMY nocaeAHETO BpeMeHy Laser 1987 u 1.0. PeaynetaT coBepweHHoro npopsiza 8 MOHAMALMH MTph ¥ Ky J1sTYy ppl Kak wrppt GMa O6pas0M OTpaxaetca B XCHaHHTOBCKOF ‘ONPeACACHHH HIpHL, KOTOPOE B H3BECTHOM Mepe XAPAKTEpUsyeT M KYM CYS M MMECT HEenocpencTBeHHoE (4, MoxeT GniTb, Jaxe yCHAeHHO-npeMMyLIC CTBEHHOE) OTHOUICHHE K 3aTaKC KaK OMHOMY M3 BeAYWMX THNOS UNpsi kyJbtyppl. "CyMMupys 9TH H26OZeHMs C TOUKM 3peHHs popmbl, — Mm: WET HCCAEAOBATEMb, — MBI MOXEM Teneph Ha3BaTb HIpy CBOGOAHO! Tes: TEABHOCTHIO, KOTOpad OCOSHACTCA KAK «HEB3ANPAabAY» H Bie TOBCLACBHOY 25 Onna wa cyulecTBeHHbix cocTanAAIoMNx Toro NpopbiBa, KOTEpBIT BUA CeyutecTE: en Xei3nnroa H BaxtHhiM, ~ B ONpeAeTeHHM MOAMHHOFO OTHOIMENMA HEPbI K KYIb TYPE: He TOMbKO Mrpa B KYABType, HO — BakHee 1 MHTeHCiBHeL Pa, WrpoBolt xapakrep KyJbryphl. Cam Xeiiaurra oco2vanay Ff NocTapieHtiore 4M B ITO! MpobAeme. "C AaBHUX Nop Wen x Bce CIIPEteNEMIEe K VSeK ReHitlo, 4TO YenoweyeckaN KYALTYPa BOSHHKAET H paswepTHsacTcA NH MEPE, KAK WE Pa. Orrosockn sroji KOHNENAHH BeTPeNaOTCA B Mon paGorax ye ¢ 19D3 Tr. B 133 r A TMOCBATHA OTOMY MIPeAMCTY CBOIO HHayrypallHoHHyWo pew B KavecTae PeKTOpa MeFae1 ckoro yHuBepcuTeta, Haanas ce «O rpaHHilax HEpbI H cepbesHoro a KvAbTyye» Korna » BNOCKEMCTBHH ARAKI epepadoran sty peth — BHAyATe MA Okan B Topuxe w Ben: (1934), satem pas BEICTYILIeWs: B JloHAOHE (1937), # HaaBaq ne Tax: «Das Spiclelemen der Kultur», «The Play Element of Cultures (eHrponoit snement kyabtypy»). Verponteab MoHx pBicTyncHHii 6a pasa HenpaBaqdn HasBaHit in der Ketiure, «in Calture: («...8 KyabType»), HO # CHoRA H cHoBa 3a%epKNEAN Mpejlor «Be 4 BOCCrAHANANBAN paaK Tenbiulit magex. D061 Mena RpoSvema aakKMONaTaCh He B TOM, KAKCE MCCTO SaHIIM: cpeaH mpownx ABIEKUI KYADTYPHI, HOB TOM, HACKONDKO CAMA KYAT TYpAa HO CHT wrpoBOd xXapakrep. Mie GbisO BAKO — 1 3TOMY HOCBHINEHA TaKKe Jamas OSctomTeNLHAR UITYYIIA -- NORATHC HEPLI, CCAM HOIOAMTEALHO TOK BBIPAINTECA, HIT -Er PHponar B MONATHE KysETypbI" (Xeiismura 1992, 78), 43IM OBJAXeBATh 2 ’aKO OHA MOXET UCHKO 2KH3HH BBINOAHACMOE 3AHATHC, OANA ore oro npsaMOrO MaTepHAsIbHOTO MrpaioulMM, He npecneayeT npH ooo Holl aeaTeMbHOCTHIO, KOTOPAs COBED- HHTepeca, He MUXeT nObsH, — CBOOOA! ba M BpeMeHH, TIPO- imlaeTCa BHYTpH HaMcpeHHo orpaHHueHHOrO RDOCTE ae east a ork asa TeKaeT yTIOpsAoNCHHO, RO See ea cariome oKpyxaTb ce6a TaitHOM o6uiecTBeHHEIE rpynnMposkH, MpeATow! Leone ‘IMGO NOAMEPKHBAIOUIMe CBOC OTIMUHE OT TIPOUCTO MHPa BCCBOSMOXHOH Ma: cKuposkon" (Xeiianura 1992, 24), cp. TaKxe MbI Momaras BO3MOXKHEIM ouepTHTb 970 noHaTHe [HrpH — B.T.] cnenywued dopmyzon: urpa ectb O6PpOBOMbHOE ACHCTBHe HOO 3aHATHE, COBEPUIAeMOE BHYTPH YCTAHOBJICH- WHIX PpaHHl, MECTA M BPEMCHH M0 JOOPOBOMBHO MPHHATHIM, HO aGcomOTHO 06a3aTCIbHBIM MpaBHyiaM C WesbIO, 34K OUCHHOM B HEM CaMOM, COIPoBOxK- acMOe 4YBCTBOM HanpsaxeHHA HM pagOCTH, a TAKE COZHAHHEM «, HExKeIH «

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