Zootc 57 Brief history of animal nutrition

Santario Weighted himself before and after eating food; his weight increased
Sanctorius by amount of food he consumed which came to original after some
(1561-1636) time.
Introduced balance and thermometer to nutritional studies; he
Antoine
showed that oxygen absorbed and carbon dioxide given off is
Lavoiser (1743
dependent on the food intake and work done; acknowledged as
– 1794)
Father of Nutrition Science
Albrecht Thaer Publish Hay equivalents; He used meadow hay as a unit to compare
(1752 – 1828) other feeds
G.J. Mulder Gave name Proteins
Francis
Physiologst; recognized as founder of modern feeding experiments;
Magendie
publish gelatin report
(1783 – 1855)
Justus von
Liebig (1803 – Foremost organic chemist; founder of agriculture chemistry
1873)
William Prout Recognized protein, fat and carbohydrates as essential organic
(1827 - ) nutrients
Stephen M.
Babcock Test; first inexpensive and practical test factories could use
Babcock (1843
to determine the fat content of milk.
– 1941)
In 1864 devised feed standard based on digestible protein, fat and
Emilvon Wolff carbohydrates; Wolff standards modified by G. Lehmann standards
for various classes of animals & become Wolff Lehmann Standards
Nathan Zuntz First to formulate “fermentation hypothesis” to explain the
(1847 – 1920) mechanism of forage utilization by ruminants.
Wilbur Olin
Construction of first human-respiration calorimeter; gives available
Atwater
fuel values of the feed
(1844,1907)
Oscar Kellner
Gives starch equivalent system of energy evaluation.
(1851 1911)
Constructed respiration calorimeter for farm animals and studied
Henry Prentiss heat production in cattle; develop net energy system for evaluating
Armsby (1851 feed; he published Wolff standards in his book named “Manual of
– 1921) Cattle Feeding”; formulate Armsby feeding standard based on true
protein and net energy values in 1917.
He showed that carbohydrate and fats are interchangeable in
Max Rubner
metabolism on the basis of energy equivalents; formulate Rubner
(1854 – 1932)
factors to Atwater fuel values
In 1884 ford formulated Scandinavian feed unit Standard similar to
Fjord
hay equivalent;
 He wrote Feeds and feeding & published his own feeding standards
in 1915; called them Morrison feeding standards; expressed in
F.B. Morrison
terms of DM, DCP, TDN and Net energy; He gives a range of
(1887 – 1958)
nutrient requirement rather single value; Average of Morrison’s
standards have been accepted for Indian Livestock.
Leonard Amby
Prepare recommended nutrient allowances for various farm animals;
Maynard (1887
authored a very popular textbook on animal nutrition.
– 1972)
Max Kleiber Develop the use of weight to the 0.75 power instead of surface area
(1893 – 1975) to describe energy metabolism.
Use isotope technique to provide detailed information on VFA
Leng and Nolan
production.
Frap Frap’s feeding standards, based on DM, DCP &Productive values.
In 1950s in UK technical committee Agriculture Research Council
ARC
was setup to develop the standards.
AFRC Soon ARC came to known as Agriculture Food Research Council.
CLFMA was formed in June 1967 as an association of feed
manufacturers and associated industries such as ingredient
suppliers, importers, feed additive manufacturers, consultants,
hatcheries and milk cooperatives and feed machinery
manufacturers. The objectives of CLFMA are to promote the concept
of nutritionally balanced compound feed; to promote, assist,
CLFMA organize and coordinate scientific research in the field of animal
nutrition; to conduct, assign, sponsor or co-sponsor surveys and
studies; to collect, classify and circulate information related to
animal feed to its members and government; to offer suggestions to
government in formulating policies; and to impart training to
livestock farmers, feed mill personnel, veterinarians, students and
others.
In 1983, AFRC set up a single organization for UK, Technical
Committee on Responses to Nutrients which develop practical
TCORN
manuals and publish requirements for ruminants, swine & poultry in
three separate reports.
National Research Council of USA publishes the nutrient
NRC
requirements for all type of farm animals since 1985.
Garret, Proposed net energy system for beef cattle; efficiency of utilization
Lofgreen & co of ME is different for different purposes that is why NE is vary with
workers purpose
In 1964, first Indian standards for dairy cattle based on mid
Sen and Ray
Morrison values of 1954
Indian Council of Agriculture Research published the first report on
ICAR
the nutrient requirements of livestock and poultry in 1985.
Dr. S. K. Pioneer in nutrition research in India;revised second edition of ICAR
Ranjhan report in 1998.
Clinical