13

CHAPTER
COASTAL LAND USE PLAN

Coastal Barangays Coastline and Population Table 13.2

Coastal Barangays, by Land Area and Population
Calbayog City
Calbayog City has a long coastline stretched along the Samar Sea approximately seventy-one (71) kilometers
Area Year 2000
with thirty-four (34) coastal barangays. Almost half of its coastal barangays has more than two (2) kilometers Barangays (sq. km.) Population Pop. Density No. of HH HH Density
of coastline namely; Basud (5.12), Tinambacan Sur (5.07), Tomaligues (4.58), Saljag (4.08), Tinaplacan 1 .Ba-ay 9.05 1,180 130 254 28.1
2 .Bagacay 1.95 2,002 1,027 425 217.9
(4.03), Malayog (3.64), Carayman (3.25), Maguino-o (3.0), Cahumpan (2.95), San Joaquin (2.95), Malaga
3 .Bante 0.18 1,043 5,794 206 1,144.4
(2.87), Cagnipa (2.65), Malajog (2.16), Bugtong (2.08) and Marcatubig (2.07). 4 .Bantian 4.56 932 204 171 37.5
5 .Basud 2.51 1,159 462 219 87.3
6 .Binaliw 4.85 1,670 344 306 63.1
Table 13.1 7 .Bugtong 7.81 1,766 226 350 44.8
Coastal Barangays, by Length of Coastline 8 .Caglanipao Sur 6.88 1,013 147 233 33.9
Calbayog City 9 .Cagmanipis Norte 5.68 1,775 313 349 61.4
10 .Cagmanipis Sur 5.55 926 167 192 34.6
Name of Length of Name of Length of 11 .Cagnipa 3.47 2,017 581 435 125.4
Coastal Barangay Coastline (km.) Coastal Barangay Coastline (km.) 12 .Cag-olango 3.96 587 148 133 33.6
1 . Ba-ay 1.83 18 .Malaga 2.87 13 .Cahumpan 1.18 400 339 76 64.4
2 . Bagacay 1.42 19 .Malajog 2.16 14 .Cangomaod 6.77 204 30 45 6.6
3 . Bante 0.37 20 .Malayog 3.64 15 .Capoocan 0.78 3,358 4,305 638 817.9
4 . Bantian 1.65 21 .Malopalo 1.24 16 .Carayman 2.37 3,726 1,572 730 308.0
5 . Basud 5.12 22 .Marcatubig 2.07 17 .Maguino-o 4.44 886 200 171 38.5
6 . Binaliw 1.27 23 .Matobato 0.89 18 .Malaga 13.59 2,036 150 373 27.4
7 . Bugtong 2.08 24 .Obrero 0.51 19 .Malajog 4.46 2,074 465 430 96.4
8 . Caglanipao Sur 1.41 25 .Peña 1.02 20 .Malayog 4.35 1,181 271 233 53.6
9 . Cagmanipis Norte 0.82 26 .Poblacion 0.65 21 .Malopalo 1.77 1,074 607 212 119.8
10 . Cagmanipis Sur 0.93 27 .Rawis 0.80 22 .Marcatubig 2.31 546 236 112 48.5
11 . Cagnipa 2.65 28 .Saljag 4.08 23 .Matobato 0.93 3,639 3,913 698 750.5
12 . Cag-olango 1.70 29 .San Joaquin 2.95 24 .Obrero 0.63 4,264 6,768 787 1,249.2
13 . Cahumpan 2.95 30 .San Policarpo 1.62 25 .Peña 11.44 2,962 259 573 50.1
14 . Cangomaod 0.83 31 .Tinambacan Norte 0.53 26 .Poblacion 0.92 2,147 2,334 392 426.1
15 . Capoocan 0.90 32 .Tinambacan Sur 5.07 27 .Rawis 1.75 3,779 2,159 740 422.9
16 . Carayman 3.25 33 .Tinaplacan 4.03 28 .Saljag 2.08 428 206 92 44.2
17 . Manguinoo 3.00 34 .Tomaligues 4.58 29 .San Joaquin 15.41 4,246 276 846 54.9
TOTAL 70.89 30 .San Policarpo 2.72 5,303 1,950 1,089 400.4
31 .Tinambacan Norte 1.3 1,702 1,309 348 267.7
32 .Tinambacan Sur 6.63 2,599 392 535 80.7
33 .Tinaplacan 14.78 1,617 109 296 20.0
The total population of Calabayog City as of the year 2000 census survey conducted by the National Statistics 34 .Tomaligues 1.33 922 693 187 140.6
Total Coastal 158.39 65,163 12,876
Office (NSO) was at 147,387. The coastal barangays constitute about 158.39 sq. km. or 17.57 percent of the City Total 903.00 147,387 28,912
total area of the city (using the area derived from Geographic Information Systems (GIS)). % to Total 17.54% 44.21% 44.54%
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Almost half of the city’s populace or about 44.21 percent resides along these coastal barangays. The population
density ranges from 30 to 6,768 per sq. km with the following top ten densely populated barangays:
Obrero(6,768.25), Bante (5,794.44), Capoocan (4,305.13), Matobato (3,912.90), Poblacion (2,333.70),
Rawis (2,159.43), San Policarpo (1,949.63), Carayman (1,572.15) Tinambacan Norte (1,309.23) and
Bagacay (1,026.67). From these data showed one can surmised that the coastal and marine resources of the
city are being subjected to heavy pressure from the population of the coastal barangays ranging from pollution
to overfishing.
Coastal Habitats and Status
Two of the important coastal habitats are found in the coastal areas of Calbayog City, these are the coral reefs
and mangroves. Coral reefs are found in barangay Peña, Cag-olango, Cagnipa, San Joaquin, Binaliw,
Manguinoo, Malajog and Tinambacan Norte. Mangroves are found in barangays Tinambacan Norte,
Tinambacan Sur, Saljag, Cahumpan, Tomaligues, Basud and San Policarpo. Though some patches of
mangroves are also found in some barangays like Binaliw and in city proper.
The assessment on conditions of the coral reefs were determined using the manta-tow technique. Using this
technique, location of potentially productive areas as well as issues such as dynamite and cyanide/poison
fishing can be identified. The following rating scheme for percent live coral cover such as 0-25 percent as
poor, 25-50 percent as fair, 50-75 percent as good and 75-100 percent as excellent is used to determine the
average condition of the coral reefs. Figure 13.2 illustrates the average percent of live coral reef cover of the
barangays surveyed.
The conditions of the coral reefs range from being fair to excellent condition. Barangay Manguinoo has a very
excellent condition of coral reefs with 78.33 percent average live coral cover. It was observed that the reefs in
barangay Manguino-o are diverse and mostly of soft coral species. The area where these diverse soft coral
species can be found is just adjacent to the existing marine sanctuary of barangay Binaliw and is also a good
diving spot.
Figure 13.2
Percent Average of Live Coral Cover in Some Coastal Barangays
Calbayog City
100%
90%

COASTAL HABITATS MAP

Average Percent Cover

80%
FIG UR E 13.1 70%

* 60%
50%
40% 78.33

30%
50.00 45.29 48.50
20% 42.50 42.22 41.43
33.33
10%
0%
Peña Cag-olango Cagnipa San Joaquin Tinambacan Malajog Binaliw Maguino-o
Norte

Barangays
Live Coral Reefs Dead Corals Coral Rubbles Sand/Rock Substrate

Other issues affecting the coral reef habitat could also be extracted from the result of the manta tow survey.
Figure 13.3 provided some information where we can identify the barangays where dynamite fishing and
improper anchorage are affecting the coral reefs by using the coral rubbles as an indicator of these activities.

The five (5) barangays namely Cag-olango, Cagnipa, San Joaquin, Tinambacan Norte and Malajog are those
areas where dynamite fishing and improper anchorage that lead to the breakage of some coral reefs particularly

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the branching coral species. Using the dead corals as an indicator, heavy poisoning also occurred in the five (5) In Malajog’s mariculture zone, which was previously declared as fish sanctuary, portion of the area is now
coastal barangays of Peña, Cag-olango, Cagnipa, San Joaquin and Malajog. being constructed with fish cages. The effects of such activities to the coastal habitats such as the coral reefs are
evident in Figure 13.3. Manta tow observations near fish cages showed that some species of coral reefs were
The mangrove area in Calbayog City is estimated to be 390 hectares using the NAMRIA topographic maps. already destroyed indicated by high percentage of coral rubbles in the area ranging from 20 percent to 60
The large areas of mangroves are located in barangays Tinambacan Norte, Tinambacan Sur, Saljag, percent.
Cahumpan, Tomaligues, Basud and San Policarpo. Though there are some patches of mangroves found in
Poblacion area most of these are already converted to settlements and other uses. Some mangroves areas were Table 13.3
Coastal Barangays, by Fishermen Density
also converted to fishponds, rice fields, and coconut plantation. During the ocular survey conducted it was Calbayog City
found out that some business establishments and settlements are encroaching mangrove areas thereby
Barangay Length of Number Fishermen
constricting plant growth. It is crucial at this stage that the importance of these mangrove ecosystems to Shoreline (km) of Fishermen Density (#/km)
marine and coastal resource-dependent barangays be appreciated by all sectors. 1 . Ba-ay 1.83 60 32.79
2 . Bagacay 1.42 50 35.21
3 . Bante 0.37 150 405.41
Two marine protected areas were declared in the City of Calbayog. These are located in Puro Island in 4 . Bantian 1.65 98 59.39
5 . Basud 5.12 20 3.91
barangay Malajog and Binaliw Island in barangay Binaliw. In March 7, 2003 a new ordinance (Ordinance no. 6 . Binaliw 1.27 78 61.42
2003-08-2005) reserved and identified marine area fronting the two barangays as mariculture zone was 7 . Bugtong 2.08 120 57.69
8 . Caglanipao Sur 1.41 123 87.23
declared. The identified area is conceived to be marine-based industrial state for the production of high
9 . Cagmanipes Norte 0.82 115 140.24
commercial value species through sea farming. 10 . Cagmanipes Sur 0.93 70 75.27
11 . Cagnipa 2.65 65 24.53
12 . Cag-olango 1.7 30 17.65
FIG UR E 13.3 COR AL RE E FS IN 13 . Cahumpan 2.95 21 7.12
M AR ICUL TURE ZONE M AP 14 . Cangomaod 0.83 - -
15 . Capo-ocan 0.9 47 52.22
16 . Carayman 3.25 300 92.31
17 . Maguino-o 3 400 133.33
18 . Malaga 2.87 177 61.67
19 . Malajog 2.16 96 44.44
20 . Malayog 3.64 145 39.84
21 . Malopalo 1.24 72 58.06
22 . Marcatubig 2.07 62 29.95
23 . Matobato 0.89 250 280.9
24 . Obrero 0.51 89 174.51
25 . Peña 1.02 180 176.47
26 . Poblacion 0.65 - -
27 . Rawis 0.8 14 17.5
28 . Saljag 4.08 75 18.38
29 . San Joaquin 2.95 200 67.8
30 . San Policarpo 1.62 200 123.46
31 . Tinambacan Norte 0.53 150 283.02
32 . Tinambacan Sur 5.07 130 25.64
33 . Tinaplacan 4.03 120 29.78
34 . Tomaligues 4.58 200 43.67
TOTAL 70.89 3,907

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Fisheries
The intensity of the fishing activities of Calbayog City ranges from being moderate to heavy by considering the
linear density of the coastal barangays. Calculating the length of the shoreline and the distribution of the
fishermen population along the coastline derives the linear density. There are eleven coastal barangays that
have heavy fishing intensity (no. of fishermen per kilometer of shoreline) and these are the barangays of Bante
(405.41), Tinambacan Norte (283.02), Matobato (280.90), Peña (176.47), Obrero (174.51), Cagmanipes
Norte (140.24), Maguino-o (133.33), San Policarpio (123.46), Carayman (92.31), Caglanipao Sur (87.23)
and Cagmanipes Sur (75.27).
FIG UR E 13.4 FISHING INTENSITY MAP
indicator that the fishing ground of Calbayog City, particularly the Samar Sea is now under the threat of
overfishing. This condition if unabated might continue to decline and worst, fishery resources in Samar Sea
might collapse. A holistic fishery management for the Samar Sea ecosystem must be instituted if the
stakeholders want to have food security.
There are current initiatives though which are expected to provide alternative source of fishery production
such as the newly established mariculture park. The contribution of this initiative however still remains to be
seen as commercial production has not yet taken place.
The catch per fisherman per day ranges from 3 to 60 kg./day with an average of 16 kg/day. The six barangays
of Cahumpan, Tinaplacan, Binaliw, Malajog, San Policarpo and Capo-ocan are having the catch that fall
below 10 kg./day. This large disparity of fish catch could be attributed to the different fishing methods used.
It could have been comparable if the data available are using the same kind of fishing gear. The major pelagic
fishes caught are anchovies, sardines, herrings, sardines, mackerels, red snapper, prawn and many others. The
minor fishery resources are crabs, squids, shell and oysters.

Figure 13.5
Fishery Production
Calbayog City

7,000.00

6,000.00

Fish Production (MT)

5,000.00

4,000.00

3,000.00

2,000.00

1,000.00

-
1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002

Calbayog City Waters

Fish is the main source of protein for most of the residents of Calbayog City. Fishery resources therefore play
an important role in the economic conditions of Calbayog City residents. But the declining fishery production
The Fisheries Code of 1998 (RA 8550) provided the spatial dimension of the jurisdiction of the local
in the city waters of Calbayog is threatening Calbayog City. In year 2001 and 2002, 64 percent and 42
government over its waters. It defines that the municipality or city waters expanse 15-km from the shoreline.
percent of the fish produce declined, respectively, as compared to 2000. The decline in fish production is an

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The municipal or city waters is exclusively for the use of municipal fisherfolks. Commercial scale fishing Table 13.5
City Water Boundary
maybe allowed through an enactment of an ordinance at 10.1 km from the shoreline.
Calbayog City

Table 13.4 Point Longitude Latitude Point Longitude Latitude

Average Fish Catch, in kg/day
Calbayog City 1 124°38'4" 12°3'11" 17 124°20'52" 12°4'54"

Average Average 2 124°37'58" 12°2'53" 18 124°20'1" 12°6'43"

Barangay Catch Barangay Catch
(kg./day) (kg./day) 3 124°37'36" 12°2'4" 19 124°19'24" 12°7'36"
1 . Ba-ay 15 18 . Malaga 10
4 124°36'29" 11°59'49" 20 124°18'7" 12°9'17"
2 . Bagacay 10 19 . Malajog 5
3 . Bante 10 20 . Malayog 15 5 124°35'59" 11°59'29" 21 124°17'26" 12°10'6"
4 . Bantian 10 21 . Malopalo 10 6 124°35'38" 11°59'28" 22 124°15'54" 12°11'40"
5 . Basud 10 22 . Marcatubig 30
7 124°34'37" 11°59'17" 23 124°14'48" 12°12'37"
6 . Binaliw 5 23 . Matobato 20
7 . Bugtong 10 24 . Obrero 10 8 124°32'6" 11°57'55" 24 124°14'29" 12°12'55"

8 . Caglanipao Sur 30 25 . Peña 40 9 124°30'48" 11°58'48" 25 124°14'53" 12°13'19"

9 . Cagmanipes Norte 10 26 . Poblacion -
10 124°29'42" 12°0'6" 26 124°15'53" 12°13'51"
10 . Cagmanipes Sur 10 27 . Rawis 30
11 124°28'36" 12°1'28" 27 124°16'49" 12°14'26"
11 . Cagnipa 30 28 . Saljag 10
12 . Cag-olango 10 29 . San Joaquin 60 12 124°27'54" 12°2'8" 28 124°18'18" 12°15'13"
13 . Cahumpan 8 30 . San Policarpo 5
13 124°27'2" 12°2'48" 29 124°19'18" 12°15'50"
14 . Cangomaod - 31 . Tinambacan Norte 10
14 124°25'10" 12°3'41" 30 124°20'3" 12°16'18"
15 . Capo-ocan 3 32 . Tinambacan Sur 10
16 . Carayman 20 33 . Tinaplacan 6 15 124°24'12" 12°4'6" 31 124°20'30" 12°16'42"
17 . Maguino-o 60 34 . Tomaligues 10 16 124°22'30" 12°4'28" 32 124°21'19" 12°16'58"

The technical assistance provided by Coast and Geodetic Survey of NAMRIA defines city waters of Calbayog Table 13.6
Distribution of City Water
City. Table 13.5 shows the geographical boundary of Calbayog City waters. Calbayog City

City Waters Area (sq. km.)

The city waters of Calbayog has an area of 465.15 sq. km., four percent (4%) or 28.78 sq.km. can be allowed
for commercial fisheries provided that a legislation is enacted and ninety-six percent (96%) or 436.37 sq. km. 0 – 10.1 km 436.37
are alloted for municipal fisheries. > 10.1 km 28.78
TOTAL 465.15

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 Construction of seawalls, jetties and other structures also aggravated the degradation of the foreshore areas in
FIG UR E 13.6 CAL BAYOG CITY Calbayog City.
WATERS MAP
During the ocular survey, it was observed that there are sand quarrying activities occurring in some coastal
barangays. These activities can accelerate coastal erosion of the foreshore areas in the city.

Destruction of Important Coastal Habitats

The rapid expansion of settlements towards the nearshore areas most often threatened the mangrove
ecosystem. It resulted to the destruction of mangrove stands in order to expand habitable areas. Mangrove
stands were also eradicated to give way to fishpond development.

Destructive fishing practices employed by some fisherfolks such as dynamite fishing, cyanide, trawl and other
illegal fishing methods also resulted to the destruction of coral reef habitats.

Lack of Information on Coastal Resources

The lack of information and awareness on Coastal Resource Management (CRM) among fisherfolks and the
community at large have contributed to the degradation of the resource. Some people have negative attitude
to CRM activities and fail to understand the relationship and linkage between upland management, coastal
resources and the quality of life.
Coastal Management Issues and Problems

Discharge of Solid and Liquid Wastes

Dwindling Fish Catch

Wastewaters from various sources in the city are discharged through culverts into the sea. These contaminants
Some fisherfolks have expressed their apprehensions on the declining fish catch in the coastal waters of
are thereafter carried by tidal currents to Samar Sea thereby causing pollution pressure to coastal habitats and
Calbayog City and attributed this to overfishing, destructive fishing methods prevalent in the area and the
the fishery resources.
intrusion of commercial fishing into the city waters.

The lack of solid waste disposal system especially in coastal communities contributed also to the destruction of
Degradation of Foreshore Areas
coastal habitats. Wastes are deposited in the sea bottom and trapped in coral reefs, thus limiting the capacity
of the coral reef ecosystem to function effectively, and will consequently lead to the eventual extinction of such
The destruction of foreshore areas is due to the lack of adequate housing for the urban poor who built shanties
biodiversity.
on the shoreline. Without the necessary facilities, human wastes are directly discharged into the sea and
immediate environs. These houses further prevent access by other people to the sea.

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Weak Coastal Law Enforcement
It was expressed that there is a need to strengthen the current coastal law enforcement activities of the city.
There are only two small patrol boats patrolling the 436.37 sq. km. city waters of Calbayog City. Intrusion of
big commercial fishing boats, dynamite fishing, use of fine mesh nets and the use poisonous substances remain
to be unresolved or minimized. Minimizing these illegal activities is of paramount importance.
Conflicting Resource Use
The conflicting resource uses particularly in barangay Malajog is noted where the existing coconut oil mill,
public beach, fish sanctuary and newly-established mariculture zone competing each other . These types of
resource users do not complement to each other, one use could adversely affect the other use of the area. The
proximity of the oil mill for example can adversely affect the mariculture operation in cases of accidental oil
spill in the area.
Lack of Viable Livelihood
There is a lack of skills among most residents to undertake new livelihood. Lack of market for new products
prohibits the entry of new livelihoods. Lack of access to financing institution.
Coastal Management and Programs
The city shall adopt the Calbayog City Coastal Care (4C) Program for the management of its coastal and
marine resources. It has the following components: habitat management, fisheries management, coastal
zoning, foreshore and shoreline management, enterprise and livelihood, coastal tourism and waste
management.
Habitat Management
The conservation of the remaining mangroves and the coral reef habitats are the primary targets of this
program in order to sustain livelihood of city marginal fisherfolks. Various approaches such as technical,
policy and information dissemination shall be employed to protect important coastal resources. Linkages with
academe and CRM-related organizations should be initiated in order to come up with effective management
plans and conservation measures.
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Protected Area
a. Mangroves
• The network of existing mangroves and plantations in barangays Basud, San Policapo, Cahumpan,
Tomaligues and Saljag should be maintained as permanent mangrove forest. An ordinance should be
enacted to protect these areas.
• Gathering of wood for fuel and other purposes should be strictly prohibited.
• Mangrove areas that have been deforested should be reforested.
• Dumping of garbage and other waste in the mangrove area is strictly prohibited.
• Penalties shall be imposed to violators.
b. Marine Protected Areas
• Establishment of a new network of marine protected areas should be in placed in barangays Cagnipa
and Manguinoo. These areas are potential tourism sites particularly for diving enthusiasts because the
areas have a diverse colony of coral reefs especially soft coral species.
• Fishing and other human activities should not be allowed within the sanctuary.
• Traditional fishing methods such as hook and line can be allowed in areas 200 meters away from the
sanctuary. This will be delineated as the buffer zone of the marine protected area.
• Only activities related to research studies are allowed inside the sanctuary. This however, needs
approval from the city government or from the association in-charge with the management of the
sanctuary.
• Motorized boats are not allowed to pass or drop anchor within the sanctuary.
• Penalties will be imposed to all violators of these policies.
• A sign/buoy will be installed indicating that the area is a protected zone.
Rehabilitation
a. Mangroves
• A census should be conducted to identify existing and potential mangrove areas.
• Vacant as well as potential mangrove areas should be planted.
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• Unauthorized persons are not allowed to get inside the areas that are newly planted with mangrove. by city fishermen has greatly declined especially for species that they used to catch before. This decline in fish

• Cutting of mangrove is strictly prohibited. catch can be attributed to the encroachment of commercial fishing and the use of destructive fishing gears.

• Throwing of garbage or used oil is strictly prohibited.

FIG UR E 13.8
FIG UR E 13.7 PROPOSED MAR INE PROTECTED
AREA MAP PROPOSED MAR INE PROTECTED
Barangay Cagnipa AREA MAP
Barangay Manguinoo

The major challenge therefore is to have an effective fisheries management because of the economic as well as
Fisheries Management
social importance of the resources. The guiding principle in managing the fishery resources of Calbayog City
should be look at an ecosystem context. An ecosystem approach in fisheries management means that a holistic
The Local Government Code of 1991 (R.A. 7160) and the Fisheries Code of 1998 (R.A. 8550), classifies the
approach in managing the fishery resources of Samar Sea ecosystem shall be adopted. The following programs
waters within 15 km. or equidistant if less than 15 km. to nearby municipality or city off the coast of
or policies should be in placed:
Calabayog as city water and is therefore under the jurisdiction of the city of Calbayog. Fishing within this
water is limited to city fishing, thus commercial fishing is strictly prohibited.
• Conduct a fishery stock assessment of the Samar Sea in coordination with Bureau of Fisheries and

However, there are occasional intrusions of commercial fishing vessels in the area, which has brought conflicts Aquatic Resources (BFAR)-Region 8, neighboring municipalities, non-government organizations like

between the two fishing sectors and intensified the pressures on the fishery resources. As a result, fish caught CERD, academe and other relevant agencies and institutions.

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 • Delineate the area where commercial fishing can be allowed which is at greater than 10.1 km. from the
coastline in coordination with other municipalities and enact a joint memorandum between these
municipalities to harmonize its ordinance allowing commercial fishing activities in these areas.
• Review all commercial fishing operators who has license to fish in the Samar Sea fishing ground and
determine the sustainable ratio of commercial fishing against the available area that can be allowed for
commercial fishing.
• Allow equitable distribution of licenses for commercial fishing operators such as no operators should be
allowed more than two commercial fishing vessels. And those that could be displaced by the policy
should be encouraged in other fishery related industries such as mariculture, fish processing and
packaging.
• In coordination with adjacent and neighboring municipalities delineate and zonify areas of its
city/municipal waters that commercial fishing can be allowed.
• Fishing in the waters jointly identified by the city and its neighboring municipalities is strictly
prohibited for outsiders or non-registered commercial fishing vessels to fish in the area.
• Registration of all fishing boats should be registered and classified (less than 3 gross tons and more than
3 gross tons) as well as types of fishing gears used.
• Fishing with the use of active fishing gears is prohibited in the city waters of Calbayog.
• Dynamite fishing, use of poison and use of electric current in fishing shall be totally banned in the
waters of Calbayog City.
• Enforcement efforts should be improved through the recruitment and training of more fish
wardens/Bantay Dagat and enlistment of the PNP, PCGA, NGOs and POs.
Mariculture Zone
• Protect the investment in the mariculture zone by properly citing the fish cages in areas not prone for
high wave action particularly during storms and has good tidal current circulation to avoid the
deposition of feed nutrients at the sea bottom as this will encourage the growth of unwanted organisms
in the area and might posed risks to the fishes in the fish area.
• Proper zoning of the mariculture zone should be in placed particularly in areas where a Marine
Sanctuaries were identified. Marine sanctuaries should not be converted to fish cages.
• Prior to any establishment of fish cages, baseline studies should first be conducted on the water
column: temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, optical properties (turbidity, suspended solids),
nutrients (phosphorus, ammonium and nitrogen), chlorophyll; sediment properties and bottom
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communities. This data will be used in order to establish the “zero state” so as to be able to compare
that during the monitoring activities.
• Fish cages location should comply the following: good water quality, current should be strong enough
to prevent the accumulation of wastes (feeds and feed wastes), the depth under the cages should be
more than half of the depth of the nets of the cages.
• Proper spacing of fish cages as well as fish stock density should be observed to avoid nutrient overload
that could cause unnecessary investment losses.
• Monitoring of the waters in the vicinity where fish cages are established should be regularly conducted
by the office of the city agriculture office in coordination with the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic
Resources.
Bangus Fry Gathering
• All bangus fry gatherers must be registered members of an association or cooperative.
• The association shall be in-charge of the management of bangus fry gathering activities.
• It is prohibited to catch “sabalo”.
• All fries other than bangus that will be caught should be returned to the sea.
• Each member is allowed to own only one trawl.
• The fry-gathering zone should be kept open and free from any disturbances.
Fish Corral and Fish Trap
• The number of fish corral and fish traps should be regulated through a licensing system that limits the
number of fishermen in each barangay.
• Each fish corral must be 200 meters from each other and 500 meters from any mangrove stands.
• Fish traps should not be installed or drop near the fish sanctuary. The 500 meters distance should
always be observed.
• The net that will be used should have a mesh of not less than 3 cm.
• Operators of fish corral should secure a license from the city and renewable every year. The license can
be revoked in case the operator fails to comply with the city requirements.
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Coastal Land Use Zoning Below are the activities that might be allowed, regulated or prohibited in the corresponding zones.

The technical definition of the coastal zone is the area covering 1kilometer from the shore landward and 15 Trade and Navigation Zone
km. from the lowest tide seaward or 200 meter isobath whichever is farther. It is an area where economic
activities usually took place and is the most socially important area. Almost half of Calbayog’s population Allowed Activities Regulated Activities Prohibited Activities

reside in these areas. The coastal zone is the link of the city to other development outside the city such as trade • Navigational route of • Environmentally • Disposal of solid and
and navigation. As these economic and social activities continue to grow, the importance to have a proper sea vessels sound infrastructure liquid waste
development
planning and management in these areas is very much needed. • Fish/marine sanctuary
establishment
This coastal land use plan will become the instrument of the City of Calbayog to address coastal problems as
• Recreational activities
the city recognizes the need for a more comprehensive and integrated coastal resource management plan
(ICRM). The development plans proposed by this Master Plan shall be harmonized with the city coastal
zoning plan. The proposed coastal zoning plan of the city is illustrated in Figure 13.9. Tourism Zone

Allowed Activities Regulated Activities Prohibited Activities

PROPOSED COASTAL
FIG UR E 13.9 • Sports and recreational • Environmentally • Disposal of solid and
ZONING MAP activities sound infrastructure liquid wastes
Calbayog City development
• Livelihood activities • Sand and gravel
extraction

• Collection of corals
and other marine
resources

Rehabilitation Zone

Allowed Activities Regulated Activities Prohibited Activities

• Mangroves planting • Fishing • Cutting and

conversion of
• Recreational • Aquaculture mangroves
swimming
• Motorized boats • Infrastructure
• Research navigations

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Sustainable Fisheries Management Zone Protected Area Zone

Allowed Activities Regulated Activities Prohibited Activities

Allowed Activities Regulated Activities Prohibited Activities
• Research • Navigation of non- • Recreational
• Fishing activities with • Small scale <20GT • Fishing by medium motorized boats swimming
methods and gears commercial fishing (20.1 to 150 GT) to • Monitoring
used consistent with vessels large (>150GT) scale • All forms of fishing
national policies commercial fishing • Resource
vessels rehabilitation and • Motor boats
• Navigation enhancement activities navigations
• Waste disposal • Extraction of resources
(seagrasses, corals,
invertebrates, algae,
sand & gravel)
Near-shore Sustainable Fisheries Management Zone • Mangrove Cutting

• Dredging
Allowed Activities Regulated Activities Prohibited Activities
• Infrastructures
• Fishing activities with • Mariculture • Commercial Fishing
methods and gears
used consistent with • Fish corral • Compressor Fishing Mariculture Zone
national policies
• Fishpond • Dynamite Fishing Allowed Activities Regulated Activities Prohibited Activities
• Establishment of fish • Navigation of non- • Disposal of solid,
• Bangus fry/prawn • Electro Fishing cages motorized boats liquid wastes and
catching zone other contaminants
• Research and
• Fishing using monitoring
poisonous substance
•
• Use of superlight
(fishing)
Foreshore and Shoreline Management
• Trawl
The increasing population in the shoreline areas has resulted in the rise of demands of employment and other
• Anchorage in coral
reef areas economic activities. This proliferation of coastal settlements aggravates the problem of solid waste collection
and disposal and marine pollution as some families have resorted to sand and gravel quarrying. Structures for
• Waste disposal
shoreline protection and other engineering constructions further accelerated the deterioration of the shoreline
through erosion and accretion.

Mangrove areas that once play an important role in the production of resources that could benefit the residents
of the city are threatened for conversion to other uses such as fishponds, settlements and other economic
activities.

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The following programs and policies shall be adopted for the management of the foreshore and shoreline areas: Alternative livelihood that will be introduced should be geared toward projects which will not compete with
fisheries activities. Some of these are:
• The shoreline should be zoned so that different uses can be identified and actions could be taken to
improve the area.
• Cottage Industries
• Small scale beach tourism and recreation projects
• Coastal setbacks should be implemented as a way of preventing the construction of buildings close to
• Mariculture
the shoreline, which may require the construction of revetment or other protection structures to
• Aquaculture
prevent flooding, severe erosion, and/or building collapse.
• Aquasilviculture

• Mangrove areas should be properly protected and managed since they act as naturally regenerating
Coastal Tourism Management
coastal buffers against wave action.

Coastal tourism is not yet well developed in the City of Calbayog. Only few beach resorts and other coastal
• Not all coastal areas should be sites for construction of coastal protection works and prior to the
tourism-related facilities exist in the area. However, there are areas, which promise to be potential tourist
construction of any structures permit from the city should be secured first.
destinations due to its diverse natural resources which remains to be unexplored by diving enthusiasts. The
goal of this program is to undertake a study of its potential for eco-tourism development.
• Construction of any structures in foreshore areas without an approved foreshore lease contract should
be prohibited and shall be penalized.
• Protection of the diversity of reefs species in some areas of the city should be a high priority.
• Packaging and promotion of these sites should be actively pursued to attract diving enthusiasts.
• Coral reef mining should be banned because coral reefs dissipate the energy of waves hitting the shore
• Areas with good beaches and are not densely populated, should be included in the development plan.
(providing a measure of natural coastal protection).
• Putting up of any structures along the beach without permit is not allowed.
• Coastal clean-up and proper solid waste disposal should be observed.
• Quarrying of sand and gravel is strictly prohibited.
• Regular coastal clean-up and proper solid waste disposal should be observed.
Waste Management

Enterprise and Livelihood Management

A bulk of solid wastes in Calbayog is coming from the households in coastal communities considering that
almost of the population are residing along the coastal areas.
The tremendous fishing pressure in the Samar Sea could be due to the lack of alternatives to fishing as a main
source of livelihood. This program therefore, aims to identify and develop alternative development projects
The solid waste management program of the city seeks to develop and implement a comprehensive plan of
that suit the existing capabilities and potentials of the local people. Under this program, a participatory
actions designed to address the nature of waste management problem while at the same time, focus the limited
community assessment shall be conducted wherein definition of problems and needed solutions is decided by
local resources and capacities on the major waste streams which are critical to the sustainable development of
the people themselves. This is necessary in establishing the people’s sense of ownership and commitment to
the city waters of Calbayog.
the program.

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Various approaches shall be employed in developing waste management program to match the gradual build-
up of local capacities with the task of integrated waste management.

• Implementation of an Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM).

• A regular coastal clean up should be conducted with the participation of the community.
• Research tie-up with academe to identify sources of pollution and conduct training in water quality
monitoring.

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